Testing temporal frames of colorectal cancer risks: evidence from randomized online experiments

References

• Banks, S. M., Salovey, P., Greener, S., Rothman, A. J., Moyer, A., Beauvais, J., & Epel, E. (1995). The effects of message framing on mammography utilization. Health Psychology, 14(2), 178. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.14.2.178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonner, C., & Newell, B. R. (2008). How to make a risk seem riskier: The ratio bias versus construal level theory. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(5), 411. https://sjdm.org/journal/8210/jdm8210.html
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowel Cancer UK (2019). A journalist’s guide. Retrieved 19 May 2019 from https://www.bowelcanceruk.org.uk/media/
   Google Scholar
• Cancer Research UK (2016). Bowel cancer statistics. Retrieved 19 May 2019 from https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/bowel-cancer
   Google Scholar
• Chandran, S., & Menon, G. (2004). When a day means more than a year: Effects of temporal framing on judgments of health risk. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1086/422116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandran, S., & Menon, G. (2004). When a day means more than a year: Effects of temporal framing on judgments of health risk. Journal of consumer research, 31(2), 375–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences–second edition. 12 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc (pp. 13). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
   Google Scholar
• Directorate-General for Health and Consumers (European Commission) Now known as, Executive Agency for Health and Consumers (European Commission) Now known as, World Health Organization, von, K. L., Patnick, J., & Segnan, N. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Retrieved 15 December 2021 from https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2772/1458
   Google Scholar
• Duffy, S. W., Myles, J. P., Maroni, R., & Mohammad, A. (2017). Rapid review of evaluation of interventions to improve participation in cancer screening services. Journal of Medical Screening, 24(3), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969141316664757
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischhoff, B., & Bruine De Bruin, W. (1999). Fifty–fifty= 50%? Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12(2), 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(199906)12:2<149::AID-BDM314>3.0.CO;2-J
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gigerenzer, G. (2003). Reckoning with risk: Learning to live with uncertainty. Penguin UK.
   Google Scholar
• Gimeno Garcia, A. Z. (2012). Factors influencing colorectal cancer screening participation. Gastroenterology Research and Practice, 2012, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/483417
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kees, J. (2010). Temporal framing in health advertising: The role of risk and future orientation. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 32(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2010.10505273
   Google Scholar
• Kim, K., & Kim, H. S. (2018). Time matters: Framing antismoking messages using current smokers’ preexisting perceptions of temporal distance to smoking-related health risks. Health Communication, 33(3), 338–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1266579
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Epstein, S. (1992). Cognitive-experiential self-theory and subjective probability: further evidence for two conceptual systems. Journal of personality and social psychology, 63(4), 534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Kim, J., & Sung, Y. H. (2021). When infographics work better: The interplay between temporal frame and message format in e-health communication. Psychology & Health, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1912342
   Google Scholar
• Lipkus, I. M., Samsa, G., & Rimer, B. K. (2001). General performance on a numeracy scale among highly educated samples. Medical Decision Making, 21(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X0102100105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, S. H., Smith, S. G., Taylor, M., Good, A., & von Wagner, C. (2012). The effect of temporal framing on behavioral intentions, expectations, and behavior: The case of healthy eating. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 17(3), 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.2012.00085.x
   Google Scholar
• McGregor, L. M., Bonello, B., Kerrison, R. S., Nickerson, C., Baio, G., Berkman, L., Rees, C. J., Atkin, W., Wardle, J., & von Wagner, C. (2016). Uptake of bowel scope (flexible sigmoidoscopy) screening in the English National Programme: The first 14 months. Journal of Medical Screening, 23(2), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969141315604659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health Service (2017). Bowel cancer. Retrieved 19 May 2019 from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer
   Google Scholar
• Newell, B. R., Mitchell, C. J., & Hayes, B. K. (2008). Getting scarred and winning lotteries: Effects of exemplar cuing and statistical format on imagining low‐probability events. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 21(3), 317–335. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.584
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pandelaere, M. (2011). Fooled by numbers: Why people think that 24 months takes longer than 2 years. Jury Expert, 23(5), 23. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jurexp23&div=75&id=&page=
   Google Scholar
• Pelham, B. W., Sumarta, T. T., & Myaskovsky, L. (1994). The easy path from many to much: The numerosity heuristic. Cognitive Psychology, 26(2), 103–133. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1994.1004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ploug, T., Holm, S., & Brodersen, J. (2012). To nudge or not to nudge: Cancer screening programmes and the limits of libertarian paternalism. Journal of Epidemiol Community Health, 2012, 66, 1193-1196. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2012-201194
   Google Scholar
• Power, E., Miles, A., Von Wagner, C., Robb, K., & Wardle, J. (2009). Uptake of colorectal cancer screening: System, provider and individual factors and strategies to improve participation. Future Oncology, 5(9), 1371–1388. https://doi.org/10.2217/fon.09.134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roh, S., Rickard, L. N., McComas, K. A., & Decker, D. J. (2018). Public understanding of one health messages: The role of temporal framing. Public Understanding of Science, 27(2), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662516670805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmälzle, R., Renner, B., & Schupp, H. T. (2017). Health risk perception and risk communication. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4(2), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732217720223
   Google Scholar
• Schreuders, E. H., Ruco, A., Rabeneck, L., Schoen, R. E., Sung, J. J., Young, G. P., & Kuipers, E. J. (2015). Colorectal cancer screening: A global overview of existing programmes. Gut, 64(10), 1637–1649. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-309086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheeran, P. (2002). Intention—behavior relations: A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14792772143000003
   Google Scholar
• Stoffel, S. T., Goodwin, M., Sieverding, M., Vlaev, I., & von Wagner, C. (2019a). Testing verbal quantifiers for social norms messages in cancer screening: Evidence from an online experiment. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6997-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stoffel, S. T., Yang, J., Vlaev, I., von Wagner, C., & Quaife, M. (2019b). Testing the decoy effect to increase interest in colorectal cancer screening. PloS one, 14(3), e0213668. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugden, R. (2017). Do people really want to be nudged towards healthy lifestyles? International Review of Economics, 64(2), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-016-0264-1
   Google Scholar
• Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological review, 110(3), 403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 806. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.5.806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, A. E., Johnson, K. A., & Kwan, V. S. (2014). Four ways to infect me: Spatial, temporal, social, and probability distance influence evaluations of disease threat. Social cognition, 32(3), 239–255.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woloshin, S., Schwartz, L. M., Black, W. C., & Welch, H. G. (1999). Women’s perceptions of breast cancer risk: How you ask matters. Medical Decision Making, 19(3), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X9901900301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, X., & Peterson, E. (2017). Effects of temporal framing on response to antismoking messages: The mediating role of perceived relevance. Journal of Health Communication, 22(1), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1250844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar