Tracking COVID-19 vaccination expectancies and vaccination refusal in the United States

References

• Agarwal, V. (2014). A/H1N1 vaccine intentions in college students: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of American College Health, 62(6), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.917650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (2000). Attitudes and the attitude-behavior relation: Reasoned and automatic processes. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 1–33). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Akther, T., & Nur, T. (2022). A model of factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A synthesis of the theory of reasoned action, conspiracy theory belief, awareness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. PLoS One, 17(1), e0261869. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeza-Rivera, M. J., Salazar-Fernández, C., Araneda Leal, L., & Manríquez-Robles, D. (2021). To get vaccinated or not? Social psychological factors associated with vaccination intent for COVID-19. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 15, 18344909211051799. https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909211051799
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bangerter, A., Krings, F., Mouton, A., Gilles, I., Green, E., & Clémence, A. (2012). Longitudinal investigation of public trust in institutions relative to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Switzerland. PLoS One, 7(11), e49806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, M. (1974). The health belief model and personal health behavior. Health Education Monographs, 2(4), 324–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019817400200407
   Google Scholar
• Bernhard, R., & Freeder, S. (2020). The more you know: Voter heuristics and the information search. Political Behavior, 42(2), 603–623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-018-9512-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., Maloney, E., Young, D., Crowley, J., Silk, K., & Langbaum, J. (2021). Psychosocial determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention among White, Black, and Hispanic adults in the United States. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(4), 347–356. http://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley, A., Hennessy, M., Maloney, E., Young, D. G., Crowley, J., Silk, K., & Langbaum, J. B. (2022). Psychosocial determinants of COVID-19 vaccination intention Among white, black, and Hispanic adults in the US. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(4), 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaab091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley, A., Maloney, E. K., Harkins, K., Nelson, M. N., Akpek, E., & Langbaum, J. B. (2022). An elicitation study to understand black, hispanic, and male older adults’ willingness to participate in Alzheimer’s disease-focused research registries. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 88(4), 1499–1509. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-220196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley, A., Piotrowski, J. T., Hennessy, M., & Jordan, A. (2013). Predictors of parents’ intention to limit children’s television viewing. Journal of Public Health, 35(4), 525–532. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fds104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blue, C. L., & Valley, J. M. (2002). Predictors of influenza vaccine: Acceptance among healthy adult workers. AAOHN Journal, 50(5), 227–233. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990205000509
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bults, M., Beaujean, D. J., Richardus, J. H., & Voeten, H. A. (2015). Perceptions and behavioral responses of the general public during the 2009 influenza a (H1N1) pandemic: A systematic review. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 9(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Čavojová, V., Šrol, J., & Ballová Mikušková, E. (2020). How scientific reasoning correlates with health-related beliefs and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic? Journal 0f Health Psychology, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320962266
   Google Scholar
• Certo, S. T., Busenbark, J. R., Woo, H. S., & Semadeni, M. (2016). Sample selection bias and Heckman models in strategic management research. Strategic Management Journal, 37(13), 2639–2657. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2475
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chu, H., & Liu, S. (2021). Integrating health behavior theories to predict American’s intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(8), 1878–1886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.02.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuddeback, G., Wilson, E., Orme, J. G., & Combs-Orme, T. (2004). Detecting and statistically correcting sample selection bias. Journal of Social Service Research, 30(3), 3. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v30n03_02
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dees, P., & Berman, D. M. (2013). The media’s role in vaccine misinformation. In A. Chatterjee (Ed.), Vaccinophobia and vaccine controversies of the 21st Century (pp. 383–398). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Earnshaw, V. A., Eaton, L. A., Kalichman, S. C., Brousseau, N. M., Hill, E. C., & Fox, A. B. (2020). COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, health behaviors, and policy support. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 10(4), 850–856. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (2010). Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach new. Psychology Press Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Fromme, K., D’amico, E. J., & Katz, E. C. (1999). Intoxicated sexual risk taking: An expectancy or cognitive impairment explanation? Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 60(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1999.60.54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fromme, K., Katz, E. C., & Rivet, K. (1997). Outcome expectancies and risk-taking behavior. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 21(4), 421–442. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021932326716
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadermann, A., Guhn, M., & Zumbo, B. (2012). Estimating ordinal reliability for likert-type and ordinal item response data: A conceptual, empirical, and practical guide. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 17(3), 1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Galloway, J. J. (1981). Audience uses and gratifications: An expectancy model. Communication Research, 8(4), 435–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365028100800403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregorio-Pascual, P., & Mahler, H. M. (2019). Effects of interventions based on the theory of planned behavior on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption intentions and behavior. Appetite, 104491, 104491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104491
   Google Scholar
• Grube, J. W., & Voas, R. B. (1996). Predicting underage drinking and driving behaviors. Addiction, 91(12), 1843–1857. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1996.tb03813.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, E. A., & Wu, J. W. (2020). Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19. European Journal of Epidemiology, 35(4), 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00634-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckman, J. J. (1978). Dummy endogenous variables in a simultaneous equation system. Econometrica, 46(4), 931–959. https://doi.org/10.2307/1909757
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessy, M., Bleakley, A., & Fishbein, M. (2012). Measurement models for reasoned action theory. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 640(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716211424709
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hennessy, M., Bleakley, A., Fishbein, M., Brown, L., DiClemente, R., Romer, D., Valois R, Vanable PA, Carey MP, Salazar, L., Salazar, L. (2010). Differentiating between precursor and control variables when analyzing reasoned action theories. AIDS and Behavior, 14(1), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-009-9560-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessy, M., Bleakley, A., Mallya, G., & Romer, D. (2014). Beliefs associated with intention to ban smoking in households with smokers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16(1), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt119
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hittner, J. (1997). Alcohol-related outcome expectancies: Construct overview and implications for primary and secondary prevention. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 17(3), 297–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02248533
   Google Scholar
• Hohlstein, L. A., Smith, G. T., & Atlas, J. G. (1998). An application of expectancy theory to eating disorders: Development and validation of measures of eating and dieting expectancies. Psychological Assessment, 10(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.10.1.49
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornik, R., Kikut, A., Jesch, E., Woko, C., Siegel, L., & Kim, K. (2021). Association of COVID-19 misinformation with face mask wearing and social distancing in a nationally representative US sample. Health Communication, 36(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1847437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hull, J. G., & Bond, C. F. (1986). Social and behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption and expectancy: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 99(3), 347–360. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, B., Shao, J., & Palta, M. (2006). Pseudo-R2 in logistic regression model. Statistica Sinica, 16, 847–860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Infante-Rivard, C., & Cusson, A. (2018). Reflection on modern methods: Selection bias—a review of recent developments. International Journal of Epidemiology, 47(5), 1714–1722. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janz, N., & Becker, M. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818401100101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones, B. T., Corbin, W., & Fromme, K. (2001). A review of expectancy theory and alcohol consumption. Addiction, 96(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961575.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, K., Lee, C. -J., Ihm, J., & Kim, Y. (2022). A comprehensive examination of association between belief in vaccine misinformation and vaccination intention in the COVID-19 context. Journal of Health Communication, 27(7), 495–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2022.2130479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok, G., Jonkers, R., Gelissen, R., Meertens, R., Schaalma, H., & de Zwart, O. (2010). Behavioural intentions in response to an influenza pandemic. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 174. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kreps, S., Prasad, S., Brownstein, J. S., Hswen, Y., Garibaldi, B. T., Zhang, B., & Kriner, D. L. (2020). Factors associated with US adults’ likelihood of accepting COVID-19 vaccination. JAMA Network Open, 3(10), e2025594. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, J. V., Ratzan, S. C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L. O., Larson, H. J., Rabin, K., Kimball S, El-Mohandes, A., El-Mohandes, A. (2021). A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nature Medicine, 27(2), 225–228. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1124-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limbu, Y. B., Gautam, R. K., & Pham, L. (2022). The health belief model applied to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A systematic review. Vaccines, 10(6), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10060973
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C., Tu, P., & Beitsch, L. M. (2021). Confidence and receptivity for COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review. Vaccines, 9(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lueck, J. A., & Spiers, A. (2020). Which beliefs predict intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19? A mixed-methods reasoned action approach applied to health communication. Journal of Health Communication, 25(10), 790–798. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2020.1865488
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald, N. E., Butler, R., & Dubé, E. (2018). Addressing barriers to vaccine acceptance: An overview. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 14(1), 218–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1394533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, A. A., McFadden, S. M., Elharake, J., & Omer, S. B. (2020). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US. EClinicalMedicine, 26, 100495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100495
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Massi Lindsey, L. L. (2017). The influence of persuasive messages on healthy eating habits: A test of the theory of reasoned action when attitudes and subjective norm are targeted for change. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 22(4), e12106. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12106
   Google Scholar
• McEachan, R., Conner, M., Taylor, N. J., & Lawton, R. J. (2011). Prospective prediction of health-related behaviours with the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 5(2), 97–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2010.521684
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEachan, R., Taylor, N., Harrison, R., Lawton, R., Gardner, P., & Conner, M. (2016). Meta-analysis of the reasoned action approach (RAA) to understanding health behaviors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9798-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKelvey, R. D., & Zavoina, W. (1975). A statistical model for the analysis of ordinal level dependent variables. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 4(1), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1975.9989847
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesch, G. S., & Schwirian, K. P. (2014). Confidence in government and vaccination willingness in the USA. Health Promotion International, 30(2), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dau094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, K. S., Hennessy, M., Wendell, D. A., Webber, M. P., & Schoenbaum, E. E. (1996). Behavioral risks for HIV infection associated with HIV-testing decisions. AIDS Education & Prevention, 8(5), 394–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montano, D. E. (1986). Predicting and understanding influenza vaccination behavior: Alternatives to the health belief model. Medical Care, 24(5), 438–453. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198605000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, P., Cameron, D., Epton, T., Webb, T., Harris, P. R., Millings, A., & Sheeran, P. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of a brief online intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in new university students: Combining self-affirmation, theory of planned behaviour messages, and implementation intentions. British Journal of Health Psychology, 23(1), 108–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, P., Wilding, S., & Conner, M. (2020). Reasoned action approach and compliance with recommended behaviours to prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the UK. British Journal of Health Psychology, 25(4), 1006–1019. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’hare, T. (2001). Substance abuse and risky sex in young people: The development and validation of the risky sex scale. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 22(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1012653717412
   Google Scholar
• Prochaska, J. (2008). Decision making in the transtheoretical model of behavior change. Medical Decision Making, Nov-Dec. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X08327068
   Google Scholar
• Quinn, S. C., Parmer, J., Freimuth, V. S., Hilyard, K. M., Musa, D., & Kim, K. H. (2013). Exploring communication, trust in government, and vaccination intention later in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: Results of a national survey. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 11(2), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2012.0048
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson, E., Jones, A., Lesser, I., & Daly, M. (2021). International estimates of intended uptake and refusal of COVID-19 vaccines: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of large nationally representative samples. Vaccine, 39(15), 2024–2034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rockwell, R. (1975). Assessment of multicollinearity: The haitovsky test of the determinant. Sociological Methods & Research, 3(3), 308–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/004912417500300304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer, D., & Jamieson, K. H. (2020). Conspiracy theories as barriers to controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the U.S. Social Science & Medicine, 263, 113356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenstock, I. (1966). Why people use health services. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 44(3), 94–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/3348967
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruiz, J. B., & Bell, R. A. (2021). Predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Results of a nationwide survey. Vaccine, 39(7), 1080–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallam, M. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy worldwide: A concise systematic review of vaccine acceptance rates. Vaccines, 9(2), 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020160
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffner, B. F., & Streb, M. J. (2002). The partisan heuristic in low-information elections. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(4), 559–581. https://doi.org/10.1086/343755
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seddig, D., Maskileyson, D., Davidov, E., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2022). Correlates of COVID-19 vaccination intentions: Attitudes, institutional trust, fear, conspiracy beliefs, and vaccine skepticism. Social Science & Medicine, 302, 114981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114981
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skafle, I., Nordahl-Hansen, A., Quintana, D. S., Wynn, R., & Gabarron, E. (2022). Misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines on social media: Rapid review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(8), e37367. https://doi.org/10.2196/37367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spijkerman, R., van den Eijnden, R., Vitale, S., & Engels, R. (2004). Explaining adolescents’ smoking and drinking behavior: The concept of smoker and drinker prototypes in relation to variables of the theory of planned behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 29(8), 1615–1622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StataCorp. (2019). Stata: Release 16 Statistical software. StataCorp LP.
   Google Scholar
• Stroope, S., Kroeger, R. A., Williams, C. E., & Baker, J. O. (2021). Sociodemographic correlates of vaccine hesitancy in the United States and the mediating role of beliefs about governmental conspiracies. Social Science Quarterly, 102(6), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, Z., Chengbo, Z., & Mackert, M. (2019). Understanding the influenza vaccine as a consumer health technoloogy: A structural equation model of motivation, behavioral expectation, and vaccine adoption. Jounral of Communication in Health Care, 12(3–4), 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2019.1680038
   Google Scholar
• Szilagyi, P. G., Thomas, K., Shah, M. D., Vizueta, N., Cui, Y., Vangala, S., & Kapteyn, A. (2021). National trends in the US public’s likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine—April 1 to december 8, 2020. JAMA, 325(4), 396–398. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.26419
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tyson, A., Johnson, C., & Funk, C. (2020). U.S. public now divided over whether to get COVID-19 vaccine. Pew Charitable Trusts.
   Google Scholar
• Veall, M. R., & Zimmermann, K. F. (1996). Pseudo-R2 measures for some common limited dependent variable models. Journal of Economic Surveys, 10(3), 241–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.1996.tb00013.x
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X. T. (2008). Decision heuristics as predictors of public choice. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 21(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.577
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022). Multilevel determinants of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the United States: A rapid systematic review. Preventive Medicine Reports, 25, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101673
   Google Scholar
• Woko, C., Siegel, L., & Hornik, R. (2020). An investigation of low COVID-19 vaccination intentions among Black Americans: The role of behavioral beliefs and trust in COVID-19 information sources. Journal of Health Communication, 25(10), 819–826. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2020.1864521
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, L. P., Alias, H., Wong, P. -F., Lee, H. Y., & AbuBakar, S. (2020). The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 16(9), 2204–2214. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1790279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wonnacott, T., & Wonnacott, R. (1987). Regression: A second course in statistics. Krieger.
   Google Scholar
• Yzer, M. (2013). Reasoned action theory: Persuasion as belief-based behavior change. In J. P. Dillard & L. Shen (Eds.), The Sage handbook of persuasion: Developments in theory and practice (pp. 120–136). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Zumbo, B. D., Gadermann, A. M., & Zeisser, C. (2007). Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for likert rating scales. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1177992180
   Google Scholar