Adverse childhood experiences of emotional and physical abuse and emotional and behavioral problems: the mediating effects of family function and resilience

References

• Afifi, T. O., & Macmillan, H. L. (2011). Resilience following child maltreatment: A review of protective factors. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 56(5), 266–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371105600505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alemu, A., Abajobir, K. S., Scott, J. G., Williams, G., Clavarino, A., Strathearn, L., & Najman, J. M. (2017). Childhood maltreatment and young adulthood hallucinations, delusional experiences, and psychosis: A longitudinal study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 43(5), 1045–1055. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslan, G. (2016). Psychological maltreatment, emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents: The mediating role of resilience and self-esteem. Child Abuse and Neglect, 52, 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, B., Davis, T. A., Wingo, A. P., Mercer, K. B., & Ressler, K. J. (2013). Family environment and adult resilience: Contributions of positive parenting and the oxytocin receptor gene. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21659
   Google Scholar
• Burnette, M. L., Oshri, A., Lax, R., Richards, D., & Ragbeer, S. N. (2012). Pathways from harsh parenting to adolescent antisocial behavior: A multidomain test of gender moderation. Development and Psychopathology, 24(3), 857–870. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cammack, A. L., Gazmararian, J. A., & Suglia, S. F. (2020). History of child maltreatment and excessive dietary and screen time behaviors in young adults: Results from a nationally representative study. Preventive Medicine, 139, 106176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, J., Huang, W., Chen, Y., & Gau, S. S. (2020). The mental health of immigrant mother’s offspring in Taiwan: A national epidemiological study. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 119(2), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2019.08.033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. (2020). The developmental trajectories and factors of child maltreatment and relations with behavior problems. Doctor, Zhejiang Normal University].
   Google Scholar
• Chen, J. (2007). Child emotional abuse by parents and its risk factors. Chinese General Practice, 10(05), 399–401.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Hua, K., Huang, C., Zhou, G., & Wang, J. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and psychological well-being in Chinese college students: moderated mediation by gender and resilience. Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers Research Foundation, 12, 710635. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.710635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Counts, J. M., Buffington, E. S., Chang-Rios, K., Rasmussen, H. N., & Preacher, K. J. (2010). The development and validation of the protective factors survey: A self-report measure of protective factors against child maltreatment. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(10), 762–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.03.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, L., Du, W., Pang, S., Xue, L., Ren, Q., & Liu, M. (2011). Study on physical maltreatment by parents and influencing factors among preschool children. Chinese Journal of School Health, 32(02), 182–183. https://doi.org/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2011.02.025
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, R. J., Putnam, K. M., & Larson, C. L. (2000). Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation–a possible prelude to violence. Science, 289(5479), 591–594. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5479.591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, J. S., Fani, N., Ressler, K., Jovanovic, T., Tone, E. B., & Bradley, B. (2014). Attachment anxiety moderates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and attention bias for emotion in adults. Psychiatry Research, 217(1–2), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denckla, C. A., Cicchetti, D., Kubzansky, L. D., Seedat, S., Teicher, M. H., Williams, D. R., & Koenen, K. C. (2020). Psychological resilience: An update on definitions, a critical appraisal, and research recommendations. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1822064. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1822064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley, S., Badinlou, F., Brocki, K. C., Frick, M. A., Ronchi, L., & Hughes, C. (2021). Family function and child adjustment difficulties in the COVID-19 pandemic: An international study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garmezy, N. (1985). Stress-resistant children: The search for protective factors. In J. Stevenson (Ed.), Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 213–233). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, A. L., Faulkner, B., & Wekerle, C. (2013). The relationship among internal resilience, smoking, alcohol use, and depression symptoms in emerging adults transitioning out of child welfare. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero-Muñoz, D., Salazar, D., Constain, V., Perez, A., Pineda-Cañar, C. A., & García-Perdomo, H. A. (2021). Association between family functionality and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean Journal of Family Medicine, 42(2), 172–180. https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.19.0166
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecker, T., Boettcher, V. S., Landolt, M. A., & Hermenau, K. (2019). Child neglect and its relation to emotional and behavioral problems: A cross-sectional study of primary school-aged children in Tanzania. Development and Psychopathology, 31(1), 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417001882
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, C. (2020). Covid-19 Aftershocks: A Perfect Storm: Millions More children At Risk of Violence Under lockdown And Into The ‘new Normal’. Retrieved from Jan13 https://www.wvi.org/publications/report/coronavirus-health-crisis/covid-19-aftershocks-perfect-storm
   Google Scholar
• JI, Y., Niu, Y., Tang, Z., & Yang, H. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Devereux early childhood assessment for preschoolers second edition. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 29(7), 551–555.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. M., Kotch, J. B., Catellier, D. J., Winsor, J. R., Dufort, V., Hunter, W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2002). Adverse behavioral and emotional outcomes from child abuse and witnessed violence. Child Maltreatment, 7(3), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559502007003001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Julian, M., Romney, C., Mahrer, N. E., & Schetter, C. D. (2019). Resilience to adversity. In M., Gellman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1–3). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6_835-2
   Google Scholar
• Kandel, P., Kunwar, R., Karki, S., Kandel, D., & Lamichhane, P. (2017). Child maltreatment in Nepal: Prevalence and associated factors. Public Health, 151, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2017.06.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, D. A. (2014). Measuring model fit in structural equation modeling. Retrieved from 21 February http://davidakenny.net/cm/causalm.htm
   Google Scholar
• Kieling, C., Baker-Henningham, H., Belfer, M., Conti, G., Ertem, I., Omigbodun, O., Rohde, L. A., Srinath, S., Ulkuer, N., & Rahman, A. (2011). Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: Evidence for action. The Lancet, 378(9801), 1515–1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60827-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., & Kim, K. (2014). Behavioral and musical characteristics of the children who are exposed to child maltreatment and poverty in South Korea: A survey. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(6), 1023–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.03.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kou, J., Du, Y., & Xia, L. (2005). Reliability and validity of “children strengths and difficulties questionnaire” in Shanghai norm. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry, 17(1), 25–28.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, M. T., Kar, N., & Kumar, S. (2019). Prevalence of child abuse in Kerala, India: An ICAST-CH based survey. Child Abuse and Neglect, 89, 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung, P. W., Wong, W. C., Chen, W. Q., & Tang, C. S. (2008). Prevalence and determinants of child maltreatment among high school students in Southern China: A large scale school based survey. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-2-27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, Y., Cao, F., Cui, N., & Li, Y. (2012). Child abuse and neglect, executive function, and emotional and behavioral problems in rural adolescents. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(06), 813–815. https://doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2012.06.006
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., Wang, G., Geng, L., Luo, J., Li, N., & Owens, J. (2016). Sleep patterns, sleep disturbances, and associated factors among Chinese Urban Kindergarten Children. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 14(1), 100–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2014.963581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, W., Wu, X., Huang, K., Yan, S., Ma, L., Cao, H., Gan, H., & Tao, F. (2021). Early childhood screen time as a predictor of emotional and behavioral problems in children at 4 years: A birth cohort study in China. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 26(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00926-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo, C. K., Ho, F. K., Yan, E., Lu, Y., Chan, K. L., & Ip, P. (2021). Associations between child maltreatment and adolescents’ health-related quality of life and emotional and social problems in low-income families, and the moderating role of social support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(15–16), 7436–7455. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519835880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowell, A., Renk, K., & Adgate, A. H. (2014). The role of attachment in the relationship between child maltreatment and later emotional and behavioral functioning. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38(9), 1436–1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansueto, G., Caselli, G., Ruggiero, G. M., & Sassaroli, S. (2019). Metacognitive beliefs and childhood adversities: An overview of the literature. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 24(5), 542–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2018.1550258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansueto, G., Cavallo, C., Palmieri, S., Ruggiero, G. M., Sassaroli, S., & Caselli, G. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and repetitive negative thinking in adulthood: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(3), 557–568. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansueto, G., Palmieri, S., & Faravelli, C. (2018). Parental style and Cloninger’s model in psychosis. Psychiatry Research, 269, 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. -T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler’s (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11(3), 320–341. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1103_2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, W. A., Lambert, M. C., & Epstein, M. H. (2022). Differences in emotional and behavioral problems of students over time: A 22-Year Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol, 51(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-01014-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCrory, E., Brito, S. A. D., & Viding, E. (2011). The impact of childhood maltreatment: A review of neurobiological and genetic factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers Research Foundation, 2, 48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2011.00048
   Google Scholar
• Meng, X., Fleury, M. J., Xiang, Y. T., Li, M., & D’Arcy, C. (2018). Resilience and protective factors among people with a history of child maltreatment: A systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53(5), 453–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1485-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Möller, B., Barkmann, C., Krattenmacher, T., Kühne, F., Bergelt, C., Beierlein, V., Ernst, J., Brähler, E., Flechtner, H. H., Herzog, W., von Klitzing, K., Führer, D., Resch, F., & Romer, G. (2014). Children of cancer patients: Prevalence and predictors of emotional and behavioral problems. Cancer, 120(15), 2361–2370. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, Y., Han, X., Yang, Z., & Zhujun, Z. (2021). Family function, loneliness, emotion regulation, and hope in secondary vocational school students: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 722276. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.722276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M., & Smith, D. J. (1995). Psychosocial disorders in young people: Time trends and their causes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Schneider, M., VanOrmer, J., & Zlomke, K. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and family resilience among children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 40(8), 573–580. https://doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0000000000000703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seok, J., Lee, K., Kim, W., Lee, S., Kang, E., Ham, B., Yang, J., & Chae, J. (2012). Impact of early-life stress and resilience on patients with major depressive disorder. Yonsei Medical Journal, 53(6), 1093–1098. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2012.53.6.1093
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, Y., Cheung, E. F. C., Chan, R. C. K., & Jiang, F. (2019). Association between maltreatment, positive parent-child interaction, and psychosocial well-being in young children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 213, 180–186.e181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.06.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldrick, R. C., Marakovitz, S., Garfinkel, D., Perrin, E. C., & Carter, A. S. (2022). Prevalence and co-occurrence of developmental and emotional-behavioral problems in young children. Academic Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2022.11.008
   Google Scholar
• Simons, R. L., Simons, L. G., & Wallace, L. E. (2004). Families, delinquency, and crime: Linking society’s most basic institution to antisocial behavior. Roxbury Publishing Company Los.
   Google Scholar
• Smilkstein, G. (1978). The family APGAR: A proposal for a family function test and its use by physicians. The Journal of Family Practice, 6(6), 1231–1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonego, M., Llácer, A., Galán, I., & Simón, F. (2013). The influence of parental education on child mental health in Spain. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 22(1), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0130-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans‐kranenburg, M. J., Alink, L. R., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2015). The prevalence of child maltreatment across the globe: Review of a series of meta‐analyses. Child Abuse Review, 24(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D. W., & Runyan, D. (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales: Development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 22(4), 249–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00174-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, P. M. (2003). Protection, dissociation, and internal roles: Modeling and treating the effects of child abuse. Review of General Psychology, 7(4), 364–380. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.7.4.364
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, X., Yang, G., Jiang, L., Yang, R., Ran, H., Xie, F., Xu, X., Lu, J., & Xiao, Y. (2020). Resilience is inversely associated with self-harm behaviors among Chinese adolescents with childhood maltreatment. PeerJ, 8, e9800. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong, L., Shinohara, R., Sugisawa, Y., Tanaka, E., Watanabe, T., Koeda, T., & Anme, T. (2015). Buffering effect of parental engagement on the relationship between corporal punishment and children’s emotional/behavioral problems. Pediatrics International: Official Journal of the Japan Pediatric Society, 57(3), 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.12604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, E., Zhang, J., Peng, S., & Zeng, B. (2021). The association between family function and adolescents’ depressive symptoms in China: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers Research Foundation, 12, 744976. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.744976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2020). Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020. World Health Organization, Retrieved from December 21 https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/violence-prevention/global-status-report-on-violence-against-children-2020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, H., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Wan, Y., & Tao, F. (2023). Exploring associations of adverse childhood experiences with patterns of 11 health risk behaviors in Chinese adolescents: Focus on gender differences. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00575-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Y. (2016). [Rating scales for children’s developmental behavior and mental health]. People’s Medical Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, X., & Sun, X. (2020). Relationship among childhood abuse and behavioral and emotional problems in vocational school students. Children’ Study, 312(01), 17–26.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, L., Wu, M., Wang, Y., & Peng, B. (2021). The influence of family function on state anxiety of Chinese College students during the epidemic of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 701945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., Han, T., Ma, S., Qu, G., Zhao, T., Ding, X., Sun, L., Qin, Q., Chen, M., & Sun, Y. (2022). Association of child maltreatment and bullying victimization among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of family function, resilience, and anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 299, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, M., Zhang, H., Hu, S., Zhang, M., Fang, Y., Hu, J., & Liao, J. (2021). Investigation of anxiety, depression, sleep, and family function in caregivers of children with epilepsy. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 744017. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.744017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou, S., Yu, W., Liang, S., Ma, X., Li, D., Bian, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2019). The association between child abuse and emotional and behavioral problems in Chinese school-aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 207(10), 869–874. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000001041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar