Emergency Medical Service responses as latent social capital toward Deliberate Self-Harm, Suicidality and Suicide

References

• Ani, J. O., Ross, A. J., & Campbell, L. M. (2017). A review of patients presenting to accident and emergency department with deliberate self-harm, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 9(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v9i1.1234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkins, B., Tyrrell, M., Herlihy, E., Crowley, B., & Lynch, R. (2013). Assessing the reasons for deliberate self-harm in young people. Mental Health Practice, 16(7), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.7748/mhp2013.04.16.7.28.e804
   Google Scholar
• Ataguba, J. E. O., Day, C., & McIntyre, D. (2015). Explaining the role of the social determinants of health on health inequality in South Africa. Global Health Action, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.28865
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benedict, M. O. A., van Loggerenberg, C. J., & Steinberg, W. J. (2019). The profile of deliberate self-poisoning cases presenting at the emergency department of Pelonomi Regional Hospital, Bloemfontein. South African Family Practice, 61(1), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2018.1527133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolboacă, S. D., Jäntschi, L., Sestraş, A. F., Sestraş, R. E., & Pamfil, D. C. (2011). Pearson-fisher chi-square statistic revisited. Information, 2(3), 528–545. https://doi.org/10.3390/info2030528
   Google Scholar
• Burns, J. K. (2011). Mental health gap in South Africa - human rights perspective. The Equal Rights Review, 6, 99–113. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249315140_The_mental_health_gap_in_South_Africa_a_human_rights_issue
   Google Scholar
• Centre for Suicide Prevention. (2017). Self-harm and Suicide. https://www.suicideinfo.ca/workshops/
   Google Scholar
• Christopher, L. D., Naidoo, N., De Waal, B., Mampane, T. S., Kgosibodiba, K., Chepete, K., & Mahadevan, S. V. (2014). Setting the agenda in emergency medicine in the southern African region: Conference assumptions and recommendations, emergency medicine conference 2014: Gaborone, Botswana. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 4(3), 154–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2014.07.003
   Google Scholar
• Compton, M., & Shim, R. (2017). Social determinants of mental health. Global Mental Health: Prevention and Promotion, 2, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59123-0_4
   Google Scholar
• Finkelstein, Y., MacDonald, E. M., Hollands, S., Sivilotti, M. L. A., Hutson, J. R., Mamdani, M. M., Koren, G., & Juurlink, D. N. (2015). Risk of suicide following deliberate self-poisoning. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(6), 570–575. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming, G. (2007). An approach to rural suicide. [Adelaide University]. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/39465
   Google Scholar
• Florentine, J. B., & Crane, C. (2010). Suicide prevention by limiting access to methods: A review of theory and practice. Social Science & Medicine, 70(10), 1626–1632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnell, D., Eddleston, M., Phillips, M. R., & Konradsen, F. (2007). The global distribution of fatal pesticide self-poisoning: Systematic review. BMC Public Health, 7(c), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacob, N., & Coetzee, D. (2018). Mental illness in the western cape province, South Africa: A review of the burden of disease and healthcare interventions. South African Medical Journal, 108(3), 176–180. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i3.12904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karunarathne, A., Gunnell, D., Konradsen, F., & Eddleston, M. (2019). How many premature deaths from pesticide suicide have occurred since the agricultural Green Revolution? Clinical Toxicology, 58(4), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1662433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes, C. L. M. (2014). Mental health as a complete state: how the salutogenic perspective completes the picture. In Bridging Occupational, Organizational and Public Health: A Transdisciplinary Approach (pp. 179–192). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5640-3_11
   Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: Prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychological Medicine, 41(9), 1981–1986. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710002497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Saffer, B. Y. (2016). Suicide, Suicide Attempts, and Suicidal Ideation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 307–330. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kootbodien, T., Naicker, N., Wilson, K. S., Ramesar, R., & London, L. (2020). Trends in suicide mortality in South Africa, 1997 to 2016. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laubscher, C., & Van Rooyen, E. E. M. (2007). The profile of the overdose patient presenting at Paarl Hospital Emergency Department. South African Family Practice, 49(2), 16. https://doi.org/10.1080/20786204.2007.10873510
   Google Scholar
• Lauw, M., How, C. H., & Loh, C. (2015). Deliberate self-harm in adolescents. Singapore Medical Journal, 56(6), 306–309. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2015087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund, C., Kleintjes, S., Cooper, S., Petersen, I., Bhana, A., Flisher, A. J., & MHaPp Research Programme Consor, T. (2011). Challenges facing South Africa’s mental health care system: Stakeholders’ perceptions of causes and potential solutions. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 4(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2010.503039
   Google Scholar
• Malangu, N. (2008). Acute poisoning at two hospitals in Kampala-Uganda. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 15(8), 489–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2008.04.003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mental Health Foundation. (2016). Fundamental facts about mental health 2016. Fundamental Facts About Mental Health 2016, 89, https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/sites/default/files/fundamental-facts-about-mental-health-2016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Naidoo, N. (2017). Gender-based Violence: Strengthening the role and scope of Prehospital Emergency Care by promoting theory, policy and clinical praxis [University of Cape Town]. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27395
   Google Scholar
• Rahman, M. Z., Samad, M. A., Ahmad, M., Wahab, M. A., Khalil, M. I., & Hakim, M. (2017). Suicide by Hanging: An Analysis of 312 Cases. KYAMC Journal, 4(1), 331–336. https://doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v4i1.32255
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, H., & Roser, M. (2018). Mental Health. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/mental-health
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, H., Roser, M., & Ortiz-Ospina, E. (2015). Suicide. Our World in Data. www.ourworldindata.org/suicide
   Google Scholar
• Samari, E., Shahwan, S., Abdin, E., Zhang, Y., Sambasivam, R., Teh, W. L., Ong, S. H., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2020). An exploration of differences between deliberate self-harm with and without suicidal intent amongst a clinical sample of young people in Singapore: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senarathna, L., Adams, J., De Silva, D., Buckley, N. A., & Dawson, A. H. (2008). Personal and professional challenges in the management of deliberate self-poisoning patients in rural Sri Lanka: A qualitative study of rural hospital doctors’ experiences and perceptions. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-373
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waldron, J. NYU School of Law. (2014). Accountability: Fundamental to democracy. Public Law Research Paper, 103(1), 1–32. https://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/upload_documents/Accountability.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Western Cape Government. (2019). Garden route district municipality. https://www.westerncape.gov.za/provincial-treasury/files/atoms/files/DC04 Socio-economic Profile - Garden Route District Municipality.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2011). Global burden of mental disorders and the need for a comprehensive, coordinated response from health and social sectors at the country level. Executive Board 130th Session Eb130/9, 1–6. http://www.who.int.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/mental_health/policy/mhtargeting/development_targeting_mh_summary.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide-A global imperative. WHO Press. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/131056/9789241564779_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar