72
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Characteristics of mental health interventions in a cohort of Italian PLWH over the last five years: impact of HIV disease and outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic

ORCID Icon, , , ORCID Icon, , , , , & show all
Pages 2562-2578 | Received 25 Oct 2022, Accepted 30 May 2023, Published online: 07 Jun 2023

References

  • The 43rd UNAIDS programme coordinating board meeting scheduled, 2018. Report of The 43rd programme Coordinating Board Meeting, 11–13 December. 2018. Geneva, Switzerland.https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_PCB44_Report-of-PCB43_EN.pdf.
  • Abers, M. S., Shandera, W. X., & Kass, J. S. (2014). Neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of antiretroviral drugs. CNS Drugs, 28(2), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-013-0132-4
  • Adina, J. O., Sindabi, A. M., & Disiye, M. A. (2017). Effect of cognitive behaviour therapy on depressive symptoms among HIV-infected outpatients in Kenya. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 17(2), 161–173.
  • Barber, H., Cartledge, J., & Breuer, L. (2014). P181: Psychological screening coverage and symptom prevalence in routine HIV outpatient care, newly-diagnosed patients and referrals for treatment advice. Retrieved April 1, 2015, from http://www.bhiva.org/documents/Conferences/2014Liverpool/AbstractBook.2014.pdf.
  • Betancur, M. N., Lins, L., Oliveira, I. R., & Brites, C. (2017). Quality of life, anxiety and depression in patients with HIV/AIDS who present poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study in Salvador, Brazil. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 21(5), 507–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2017.04.004
  • Brandt, C., Zvolensky, M. J., Woods, S. P., Gonzalez, A., Safren, S. A., & O’Cleirigh, C. M. (2017). Anxiety symptoms and disorders among adults living with HIV and AIDS: A critical review and integrative synthesis of the empirical literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 164–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.005
  • British, H. I. V., & Association. (2012). Standards of care for people living with HIV 2013. British HIV Association. https://www.bhiva.org/standards-of-care-2012
  • Brown, G. R., Rundell, J. R., McManis, S. E., Kendall, S. N., Zachary, R., & Temoshok, L. (1992). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in early stages of HIV infection. Psychosomatic Medicine, 54(5), 588–601. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-199209000-00006
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) in people with HIV. Retrieved March 23, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/hiv.html.
  • Chan, R., Mak, W., Ma, G., & Cheung, M. (2021). Interpersonal and intrapersonal manifestations of HIV stigma and their impacts on psychological distress and life satisfaction among people living with HIV: Toward a dual-process model. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care & Rehabilitation, 30(1), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-020-02618-y
  • Chenneville, T., Gabbidon, K., Hanson, P., & Holyfield, C. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on HIV treatment and research: A call to action. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4548. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124548
  • Clucas, C., Sibley, E., Harding, R., Liu, L., Catalan, J., & Sherr, L. (2011). A systematic review of interventions for anxiety in people with HIV. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 16(5), 528–547. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2011.579989
  • Cooper, J. (2012). Cognitive dissonance theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins, Eds. The handbook of theories of social psychology (Vol. 1). Sage. (pp. 377–398). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n19
  • Crepaz, N., Passin, W. F., Herbst, J. H., Rama, S. M., Malow, R. M., Purcell, D. W., Wolitski, R. J., & HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Team. (2008). Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral interventions on HIV-positive persons’ mental health and immune functioning. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 27(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.4
  • Daskalopoulou, M., Lampe, F. C., Sherr, L., Phillips, A. N., Johnson, M. A., Gilson, R., Perry, N., Wilkins, E., Lascar, M., Collins, S., Hart, G., Speakman, A., Rodger, A. J., & ASTRA Study Group. (2017). Non-disclosure of HIV status and associations with psychological factors, ART non-adherence, and viral load non-suppression among people living with HIV in the UK. AIDS and Behavior, 21(1), 184–195.
  • Delle Donne, V., Ciccarelli, N., Massaroni, V., Lombardi, F., Lamonica, S., Borghetti, A., Fabbiani, M., Cauda, R., & DiGiambenedetto, S. (2021). Psychological distress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian population living with HIV: An online survey. Le infezioni in medicina, 29(1), 54–64.
  • Delle Donne, V., Massaroni, V., Ciccarelli, N., Lombardi, F., Lamonica, S., Borghetti, A., Ciccullo, A., & DiGiambenedetto, S. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care is negatively associated with psychosocial well-being in an Italian cohort of people living with HIV. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 88(2), e11–e14. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002757
  • Derogatis, L. R. (1992). SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring and procedures manual II for the revised version and other instruments of the psychopathology rating scale series. Clinical Psychometric Research.
  • Dessie, G., Wagnew, F., Mulugeta, H., Amare, D., Jara, D., Leshargie, C. T., Negesse, A., Rayasam, S., & Burrowes, S. (2019). The effect of disclosure on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases InternetAvailable from. 19(1), 19. Retrieved June 30, 2020 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6580562/ https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4148-3
  • Dinkel, A., Nather, C., Jaeger, H., Jaegel-Guedes, E., Lahmann, C., Steinke, C., Wolf, E., & Ronel, J. (2014). Stigmatisierungserleben bei HIV/AIDS: erste deutsche Adaptation der HIV-Stigma Skala (HSS-D) [Stigmatization in HIV/AIDS: first German adaptation of the HIV-stigma scale (HSS-D)]. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie, 64(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1341449
  • Earnshaw, V. A., & Chaudoir, S. R. (2009). From conceptualizing to measuring HIV stigma: A review of HIV stigma mechanism measures. AIDS and Behavior, 13(6), 1160–1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-009-9593-3
  • Ekama, S. O., Herbertson, E. C., Addeh, E. J., Gab-Okafor, C. V., Onwujekwe, D. I., Tayo, F., & Ezechi, O. C. (2012). Pattern and determinants of antiretroviral drug adherence among Nigerian pregnant women. Journal of Pregnancy, 2012, 851810. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/851810
  • Evangeli, M., & Wroe, A. L. (2017). HIV disclosure anxiety: A systematic review and theoretical synthesis. AIDS and Behavior, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1453-3
  • Gaida, R., Truter, I., Grobler, C., Kotze, T., & Godman, B. (2016). A review of trials investigating efavirenz-induced neuropsychiatric side effects and the implications. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 14(4), 377–388. https://doi.org/10.1586/14787210.2016.1157469
  • Gonzalez, J. S., Batchelder, A. W., Psaros, C., & Safren, S. A. (2011). Depression and HIV/AIDS treatment nonadherence: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 58(2), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31822d490a
  • Grainger, C. (2017). Understanding disclosure behaviours in HIV-positive young people. Journal of Infection Prevention, 18(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757177416680871
  • Hellmuth, J., Colby, D., Valcour, V., Suttichom, D., Spudich, S., Ananworanich, J., Prueksakaew, P., Sailasuta, N., Allen, I., Jagodzinski, L. L., Slike, B., Ochi, D., & Paul, R.; RV254/SEARCH 010 study group. (2017). Depression and Anxiety are Common in Acute HIV Infection and Associate with Plasma Immune Activation. AIDS and Behavior, 21(11), 3238–3246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1788-4
  • Hightow-Weidman, L. B., Phillips, G., 2nd, Outlaw, A. Y., Wohl, A. R., Fields, S., Hildalgo, J., & LeGrand, S. (2013). Patterns of HIV disclosure and condom use among HIV-infected young racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior, 17(1), 360–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0331-x
  • Holmes, W. C., & Shea, J. A. (1998). A new HIV/AIDS-targeted quality of life (HAT-QoL) instrument: Development, reliability, and validity. Medical Care, 36(2), 138–154. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199802000-00004
  • Johnson, M., Samarina, A., Xi, H., Valdez Ramalho Madruga, J., Hocqueloux, L., Loutfy, M., Fournelle, M. J., Norton, M., Van Wyk, J., Zachry, W., & Martinez, M. (2015). Barriers to access to care reported by women living with HIV across 27 countries. Aids Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of Aids/hiv, 27(10), 1220–1230. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1046416
  • Kee, M. K., Lee, S. Y., Kim, N. Y., Lee, J. S., Kim, J. M., Choi, J. Y., Ku, N. S., Kang, M. W., Kim, M. J., Woo, J. H., Kim, S. W., Song, J. Y., Baek, J. H., Choi, B. Y., & Kim, S. S. (2015). Anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in South Korea. Aids Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of Aids/hiv, 27(9), 1174–1182. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1035861
  • Kiene, S. M., Dove, M., & Wanyenze, R. K. (2018). Depressive symptoms, disclosure, HIV-Related stigma, and coping following HIV testing among outpatients in Uganda: A daily process analysis. AIDS and Behavior, 22(5), 1639–1651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1953-9
  • Knettel, B. A., Minja, L., Chumba, L. N., Oshosen, M., Cichowitz, C., Mmbaga, B. T., & Watt, M. H. (2018). Serostatus disclosure among a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in HIV care in Moshi, Tanzania: A mixed-methods study. SSM - Population Health, 7, 007–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.11.007
  • Krupnick, J., & Melnikoff, S. (2012). Psychotherapy with low-income patients: lessons learned from treatment studies. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 42, 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-011-9182-4
  • Löwe, B., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Mussell, M., Schellberg, D., & Kroenke, K. (2008). Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: Syndrome overlap and functional impairment. General Hospital Psychiatry, 30(3), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.01.001
  • Lowther, K., Selman, L., Harding, R., & Higginson, I. J. (2014). Experience of persistent psychological symptoms and perceived stigma among people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART): A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(8), 1171–1189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.01.015
  • Lyketsos, C. G., Hoover, D. R., & Guccione, M. (1996). Depression and survival among HIV-infected persons. JAMA, 275(1), 35–36. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530250039021
  • Lynn, C., Bradley-Klug, K., Chenneville, T. A., Walsh, A. S. J., Dedrick, R., & Rodriguez, C. (2018). Mental health screening in integrated care settings: Identifying rates of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress among youth with HIV. Aids Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of Aids/hiv, 17(3), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15381501.2018.1437585
  • Mahajan, A. P., Sayles, J. N., Patel, V. A., Remien, R. H., Sawires, S. R., Ortiz, D. J., Szekeres, G., & Coates, T. J. (2008). Stigma in the HIV/AIDS epidemic: A review of the literature and recommendations for the way forward. AIDS (London, England), 22(Suppl 2), S67–S79. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000327438.13291.62
  • McDowell, T. L., & Serovich, J. M. (2007). The effect of perceived and actual social support on the mental health of HIV-positive persons. Aids Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of Aids/hiv, 19(10), 1223–1229. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120701402830
  • McGowan, J. A., Sherr, L., Rodger, A. J., Fisher, M., Miners, A., Anderson, J., Johnson, M. A., Elford, J., Collins, S., Hart, G., Phillips, A. N., Speakman, A., Lampe, F. C., & Antiretrovirals, Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitudes (ASTRA) Study Group. (2017). Age, time living with diagnosed HIV infection, and self-rated health. HIV Medicine, 18(2), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12398
  • McGowan, J., Sherr, L., Rodger, A., Fisher, M., Miners, A., Johnson, M., Elford, J., Collins, S., Hart, G., Phillips, A., Speakman, A., & Lampe, F. (2014). Effects of age on symptom burden, mental health and quality of life amongst people with HIV in the UK. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 17(4 Suppl 3), 19511. https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.17.4.19511
  • Merlin, J. S., Cen, L., Praestgaard, A., Turner, M., Obando, A., Alpert, C., Woolston, S., Casarett, D., Kostman, J., Gross, R., & Frank, I. (2012). Pain and physical and psychological symptoms in ambulatory HIV patients in the current treatment era. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 43(3), 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.04.019
  • Mwamba, R. N., Sao, S. S., Knettel, B. A., Minja, L. M., Osaki, H., Mmbaga, B. T., & Watt, M. H. (2021). The disclosure dilemma: Willingness to disclose a positive hiv status among individuals preparing for HIV testing during antenatal care in Tanzania. AIDS and Behavior, 25(3), 908–916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03058-y
  • Nakimuli-Mpungu, E., Bass, J. K., Alexandre, P., Mills, E. J., Musisi, S., Ram, M., Katabira, E., & Nachega, J. B. (2012). Depression, alcohol use and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 16(8), 2101–2118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-0087-8
  • Nanni, M. G., Caruso, R., Mitchell, A. J., Meggiolaro, E., & Grassi, L. (2015). Depression in HIV infected patients: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 17(1), 530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0530-4
  • Ngum, P. A., Fon, P. N., Ngu, R. C., Verla, V. S., & Luma, H. N. (2017). Depression among HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in the Southwest Regional Hospitals of Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. Neurology and Therapy, 6(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-017-0065-9
  • Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., Chisholm, D., Collins, P. Y., Cooper, J. L., Eaton, J., Herrman, H., Herzallah, M. M., Huang, Y., Jordans, M., Kleinman, A., Medina-Mora, M. E., Morgan, E., Niaz, U., & Unützer, J. (2018). The lancet commission on global mental health and sustainable development. Lancet (London, England), 392(10157), 1553–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-67361831612-X
  • Préau, M., Beaulieu-Prévost, D., Henry, E., Bernier, A., Veillette-Bourbeau, L., & Otis, J. (2015). HIV serostatus disclosure: Development and validation of indicators considering target and modality. Results from a community-based research in 5 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 146, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.034
  • Remien, R. H., Stirratt, M. J., Nguyen, N., Robbins, R. N., Pala, A. N., & Mellins, C. A. (2019). Mental health and HIV/AIDS: The need for an integrated response. AIDS (London, England), 33(9), 1411–1420. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0000000000002227
  • Rintamaki, L. S., Davis, T. C., Skripkauskas, S., Bennett, C. L., & Wolf, M. S. (2006). Social stigma concerns and HIV medication adherence. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20(5), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2006.20.359
  • Rivera-Rivera, Y., Vázquez-Santiago, F. J., Albino, E., Sánchez, M. D., & Rivera-Amill, V. (2016). Impact of depression and inflammation on the progression of HIV disease. Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, 7(3), 423. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.1000423
  • Robertson, K., Bayon, C., Molina, J. M., McNamara, P., Resch, C., Muñoz-Moreno, J. A., Kulasegaram, R., Schewe, K., Burgos-Ramirez, A., De Alvaro, C., Cabrero, E., Guion, M., Norton, M., & van Wyk, J. (2014). Screening for neurocognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety in HIV-infected patients in Western Europe and Canada. Aids Care-Psychological & Socio-Medical Aspects of Aids/hiv, 26(12), 1555–1561. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2014.936813
  • Roth, G. H., Walker, E. R., Talley, C. L., & Hussen, S. A. ‘It’s a very grey, very messy area’: A qualitative examination of factors influencing undetectable gay men’s HIV status disclosure to sexual partners. (2022). Culture, Health & Sexuality, 25(5), 664–679. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2022.2086708
  • Safren, S. A., O’Cleirigh, C. M., Bullis, J. R., Otto, M. W., Stein, M. D., & Pollack, M. H. (2012). Cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected injection drug users: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(3), 404–415. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028208
  • Sarno, I., Preti, E., Prunas, A., & Madeddu, F. (2011). Scl-90-R symptom checklist-90-R, Adattamento Italiano. Giunti, Organizzazioni Speciali.
  • Scott-Sheldon, L. A., Kalichman, S. C., Carey, M. P., & Fielder, R. L. (2008). Stress management interventions for HIV+ adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, 1989 to 2006. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 27(2), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.2.129
  • Shacham, E., Rosenburg, N., Önen, N. F., Donovan, M. F., & Overton, E. T. (2015). Persistent HIV-related stigma among an outpatient US clinic population. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 26(4), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956462414533318
  • Sherr, L., Clucas, C., Harding, R., Sibley, E., & Catalan, J. (2011). HIV and depression–a systematic review of interventions. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 16(5), 493–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2011.579990
  • Shi, Y., Zhao, M., Chen, S., Wang, S., Li, H., Ying, J., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Xing, Z., & Sun, J. (2019). Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on people living with HIV and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 24(5), 578–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2018.1549739
  • Simoni, J. M., Wiebe, J. S., Sauceda, J. A., Huh, D., Sanchez, G., Longoria, V., Andres Bedoya, C., & Safren, S. A. (2013). A preliminary RCT of CBT-AD for adherence and depression among HIV-positive Latinos on the U.S.-Mexico border: The Nuevo Día study. AIDS and Behavior, 17(8), 2816–2829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0538-5
  • Slot, M., Sodemann, M., Gabel, C., Holmskov, J., Laursen, T., & Rodkjaer, L. (2015). Factors associated with risk of depression and relevant predictors of screening for depression in clinical practice: A cross-sectional study among HIV-infected individuals in Denmark. HIV Medicine, 16(7), 393–402. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12223
  • Spaan, P., van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2020). Psychosocial interventions enhance HIV medication adherence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 25(10–11), 1326–1340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105318755545
  • Spies, G., Asmal, L., & Seedat, S. (2013). Cognitive-behavioural interventions for mood and anxiety disorders in HIV: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.018
  • Swift, J. K., & Greenberg, R. P. (2012). Premature discontinuation in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(4), 547–559. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028226
  • Tao, J., Vermund, S. H., & Qian, H. Z. (2018). Association between depression and antiretroviral therapy use among people living with HIV: A meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior, 22(5), 1542–1550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1776-8
  • Thorley, N., Grima, E., Sellers, P., Manavi, K., & Radcliffe, K. (2014). P22: Screening for depression, excessive alcohol intake, recreational drug use and adherence to antiretrovirals within an HIV outpatient clinic: A pilot service evaluation. Retrieved April 1, 2015, from http://www.bhiva.org/documents/Conferences/2014Liverpool/AbstractBook2014.pdf.
  • United Nations General Assembly. (2018). Political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the general assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB148/B148_7-en.pdf
  • van Luenen, S., Garnefski, N., Spinhoven, P., Spaan, P., Dusseldorp, E., & Kraaij, V. (2018). The benefits of psychosocial interventions for mental health in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS and Behavior, 22(1), 9–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1757-y
  • Varni, S. E., Miller, C. T., McCuin, T., & Solomon, S. E. (2012). Disengagement and engagement coping with hiv/aids stigma and psychological well-being of people with HIV/AIDS. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(2), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.2.123
  • Walkup, J., Blank, M. B., Gonzalez, J. S., Safren, S., Schwartz, R., Brown, L., Wilson, I., Knowlton, A., Lombard, F., Grossman, C., Lyda, K., & Schumacher, J. E. (2008). The impact of mental health and substance abuse factors on HIV prevention and treatment. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 47(Suppl 1), S15–S19. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181605b26
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Warren, S., Attridge, S., Lendon, R., & Lomax, N. (2014). P150: Saving 1000’s lives – identifying depression in adults living with HIV to improve patient outcomes. Retrieved April 1, 2015, from http://www.bhiva.org/documents/Conferences/2014Liverpool/AbstractBook/2014.pdf.
  • Watt, M. H., Knippler, E. T., Knettel, B. A., Sikkema, K. J., Ciya, N., & Myer, L., & Joska JA. (2018). HIV disclosure among pregnant women initiating ART in Cape Town, South Africa: Qualitative perspectives during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. AIDS and Behavior, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-018-2272-5
  • Yonah, G., Fredrick, F., & Leyna, G. (2014). HIV serostatus disclosure among people living with HIV/AIDS in Mwanza, Tanzania. AIDS Research and Therapy, 11(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-11-5
  • Zhang, H., Yu, Q., Li, Z., Xiu, X., Lv, F., Han, M., & Wang, L. (2021). Efficacy of psychological interventions towards the reduction of high-risk sexual behaviors among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis, 2010-2020. AIDS and Behavior, 25(10), 3355–3376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03181-4
  • Zimmermann, D., Rubel, J., Page, A. C., & Lutz, W. (2017). Therapist effects on and predictors of non-consensual dropout in psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(2), 312–321. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2022

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.