Associations between workplace violence and suicidal ideation among Chinese medical staff: a propensity score matching analysis

References

• Austin, P. C. (2011). An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(3), 399–424. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2011.568786
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bova, C., Route, P. S., Fennie, K., Ettinger, W., Manchester, G. W., & Weinstein, B. (2012). Measuring patient–provider trust in a primary care population: Refinement of the health care relationship trust scale. Research in Nursing & Health, 35(4), 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cam, H. H., & Ustuner Top, F. (2021). Workplace violence against nurses working in the public hospitals in Giresun, Turkey: Prevalence, risk factors, and quality of life consequences. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(54), 1701–1711. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12978
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cannavò, M., La Torre, F., Sestili, C., La Torre, G., & Fioravanti, M. (2019). Work related violence as a predictor of stress and correlated disorders in Emergency department healthcare professionals. La Clinica terapeutica, 170(172), e110–e123. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2019.2120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cao, X.-L., Zhong, B.-L., Xiang, Y.-T., Ungvari, G. S., Lai, K. Y., Chiu, H. F., & Caine, E. D. (2015). Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the general population of China: A meta-analysis. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 49(4), 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091217415589306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamberlain, P. N., Goldney, R. D., Delfabbro, P. H., Gill, T. K., & Grande, E. D. (2009). Suicidal ideation. The clinical utility of the K10. The Crisis, 30(1), 39–42. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.1.39
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chin, W.-S., Chen, Y.-C., Ho, J.-J., Cheng, N.-Y., Wu, H.-C., & Shiao, J. S. C. (2019). Psychological work environment and suicidal ideation among nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 51(1), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, B. (2018). Job strain, long work hours, and suicidal ideation in US workers: A longitudinal study. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 91(7), 865–875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1330-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Converso, D., Sottimano, I., & Balducci, C. (2021). Violence exposure and burnout in healthcare sector: Mediating role of work ability. La Medicina del lavoro, 112(1), 58–67. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v112i1.9906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan, X., Ni, X., Shi, L., Zhang, L., Ye, Y., Mu, H., Li, Z., Liu, X., Fan, L., & Wang, Y. (2019). The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: The mediating role of social support. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, D., El-Hagrassy, M. M., Couto, T. C. E., Gurgel, W., Fregni, F., & Correa, H. (2020). Male and female Physician suicidality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(6), 587–597. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutheil, F., Aubert, C., Pereira, B., Dambrun, M., Moustafa, F., Mermillod, M., Baker, J. S., Trousselard, M., Lesage, F. X., Navel, V., & Abe, T. (2019). Suicide among physicians and health-care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 14(12), e0226361. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch, N. (2014). Why are women more likely than men to extend paid work? The impact of work–family life history. European Journal of Ageing, 11(1), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-013-0290-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong, Y., Han, T., Chen, W., Dib, H. H., Yang, G., Zhuang, R., Chen, Y., Tong, X., Yin, X., Lu, Z., & Harper, D. M. (2014). Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and related risk factors among physicians in China: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 9(7), e103242. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, J., Shi-Chao, W. U., Zhang, C. Y., Han, X. Y., Lin-Lin, H. U., Zhang, J., & Liu, Y. L. (2019). The current situation of hospital violence aimed at medical staffs in 136 tertiary hospitals in China [English translation of the title]. Chinese Journal of Health Education, 4, 312–317. https://doi.org/10.16168/j.cnki.issn.1002-9982.2019.04.006
   Google Scholar
• Hacer, T. Y., & Ali, A. (2020). Burnout in physicians who are exposed to workplace violence. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 69, 101874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2019.101874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y., Luo, Q., Li, R., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., Su, P., Sun, J., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, N., & Huang, Y. (2022). Anti-violence measures developed by ILO and WHO: Analysis of the prevalence of workplace violence and the effects of implementation in a general hospital in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1049832. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1049832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., Yin, X., Bao, X., & Nie, J. B. (2014). Chinese physicians’ attitudes toward and understanding of medical professionalism: Results of a national survey. Journal of Clinical Ethics, 25(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1086/JCE201425207
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ILO., ICN., WH., & PSI. (2002). Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector. International Labour Office.
   Google Scholar
• Jang, S. J., Son, Y. J., & Lee, H. (2022). Prevalence, associated factors and adverse outcomes of workplace violence towards nurses in psychiatric settings: A systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 31(3), 450–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jupiter, D. C. (2017). Propensity score matching: Retrospective randomization? The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 56(2), 417–420. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2017.01.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanwar, A., Malik, S., Prokop, L. J., Sim, L. A., Feldstein, D., Wang, Z., & Murad, M. H. (2013). The association between anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 30(10), 917–929. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L. T., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291702006074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Borges, G., Nock, M., & Wang, P. S. (2005). Trends in suicide ideation, plans, gestures, and attempts in the United States, 1990-1992 to 2001-2003. Journal of the American Medical Association, 293(20), 2487–2495. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.20.2487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi, Y., Oe, M., Ishida, T., Matsuoka, M., Chiba, H., & Uchimura, N. (2020). Workplace violence and its effects on burnout and secondary traumatic stress among mental healthcare nurses in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(8), 2747. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowalenko, T., Walters, B. L., Khare, R. K., & Compton, S. (2005). Workplace violence: A survey of emergency physicians in the state of Michigan. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 46(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.10.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumari, A., Kaur, T., Ranjan, P., Chopra, S., & Baitha, U. (2020). Workplace violence against doctors: Characteristics, risk factors, and mitigation strategies. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 66(3), 149–154. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_96_20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancet. (2020). Protecting Chinese doctors. Lancet, 395(10218), 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30003-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lancet. (2021). Medical professionalism and physician wellbeing. Lancet, 398(10303), 817. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01966-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, W., Wang, H., Gong, L., Lai, G., Zhao, X., Ding, H., & Wang, Y. (2020). Work stress, family stress, and suicide ideation: A cross-sectional survey among working women in Shenzhen, China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., Gan, Y., Jiang, H., Li, L., Dwyer, R., Lu, K., Yan, S., Sampson, O., Xu, H., Wang, C., Zhu, Y., Chang, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, T., Chen, Y., Song, F., & Lu, Z. (2019). Prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 76(12), 927–937. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2019-105849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., & Wu, H. (2021). Does psychological capital mediate between workplace violence and depressive symptoms among doctors and nurses in Chinese general hospitals? Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 199–206. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S293843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loerbroks, A., Cho, S. I., Dollard, M. F., Zou, J., Fischer, J. E., Jiang, Y., Angerer, P., Herr, R. M., & Li, J. (2016). Associations between work stress and suicidal ideation: Individual-participant data from six cross-sectional studies. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 90, 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, J., Chen, X., Zheng, Q., Zhang, Y., Ming, Z., Wang, D., Wu, H., Ye, H., Zhou, X., Xu, Y., Li, R., Sheng, X., Fan, F., Yang, Z., Luo, T., Lu, Y., Deng, Y., Yang, F., Liu, C., & Li, X. (2021). Serious workplace violence against healthcare providers in China between 2004 and 2018. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 574765. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.574765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnavita, N. (2014). Workplace violence and Occupational stress in healthcare workers: A chicken-and-egg situation—results of a 6-year follow-up study. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 46(5), 366–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12088
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnavita, N., & Heponiemi, T. (2012). Violence towards health care workers in a Public health care facility in Italy: A repeated cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon, N. K., Shanafelt, T. D., Sinsky, C. A., Linzer, M., Carlasare, L., Brady, K. J. S., Stillman, M. J., & Trockel, M. T. (2020). Association of Physician burnout with suicidal ideation and medical errors. JAMA Network Open, 3(12), e2028780–e2028780. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mento, C., Silvestri, M. C., Bruno, A., Muscatello, M. R. A., Cedro, C., Pandolfo, G., & Zoccali, R. A. (2020). Workplace violence against healthcare professionals: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 51, 101381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner, A., Page, K., Witt, K., & LaMontagne, A. (2016). Psychosocial working conditions and suicide ideation. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 58(6), 584–587. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000000700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milner, A., Witt, K., LaMontagne, A. D., & Niedhammer, I. (2018). Psychosocial job stressors and suicidality: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 75(4), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrie, K., Crawford, J., Lamontagne, A. D., Milner, A., Dean, J., Veness, B. G., Christensen, H., & Harvey, S. B. (2020). Working hours, common mental disorder and suicidal ideation among junior doctors in Australia: A cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 10(1), e033525. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompeii, L., Benavides, E., Pop, O., Rojas, Y., Emery, R., Delclos, G., Markham, C., Oluyomi, A., Vellani, K., & Levine, N. (2020). Workplace violence in outpatient physician clinics: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6587. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186587
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/70.1.41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sha, F., Chang, Q., Law, Y. W., Hong, Q., & Yip, P. S. (2018). Suicide rates in China, 2004–2014: Comparing data from two sample-based mortality surveillance systems. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5161-y
   Google Scholar
• Shi, L., Li, G., Hao, J., Wang, W., Chen, W., Liu, S., Yu, Z., Shi, Y., Ma, Y., Fan, L., Zhang, L., & Han, X. (2020). Psychological depletion in physicians and nurses exposed to workplace violence: A cross-sectional study using propensity score analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 103, 103493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, L., Wang, L., Jia, X., Li, Z., Mu, H., Liu, X., Peng, B., Li, A., & Fan, L. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among Chinese healthcare workers exposed to physical violence: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7(7), e016810. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, J., Wang, S., Zhou, P., Shi, L., Zhang, Y., Bai, F., Xue, D., Zhang, X., & Sun, Q. (2015). The frequency of patient-initiated violence and its psychological impact on physicians in China: A cross-sectional study. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0128394. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, Q., Tang, J., Wei, Z., & Sun, L. (2022). Prevalence and associated factors of self-reported medical errors and adverse events among operating room nurses in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 988134. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.988134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sui, G., Liu, G., Jia, L., Wang, L., & Yang, G. (2019). Associations of workplace violence and psychological capital with depressive symptoms and burn-out among doctors in Liaoning, China: A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 9(5), e024186. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Zhang, W., Qi, F., & Wang, Y. (2022). Gender differences for the prevalence and risk factors of workplace violence among healthcare professionals in Shandong, China. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 873936. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.873936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, L., Zhou, C., Xu, L., Li, S., Kong, F., & Chu, J. (2017). Suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among medical college students in china: The effect of their parental characteristics. Psychiatry Research, 247, 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, A., Dal Grande, E., Gill, T., Fisher, L., & Goldney, R. (2007). Detecting determinants of suicidal ideation: South Australian surveillance system results. International Journal of Public Health, 52(3), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-007-5064-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, Y., Yue, Y., Wang, J., Luo, T., Li, Y., & Zhou, J. (2020). Workplace violence against hospital healthcare workers in China: A national WeChat-based survey. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 582. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08708-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vento, S., Cainelli, F., & Vallone, A. (2020). Violence against healthcare workers: A worldwide phenomenon with serious consequences. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 570459. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.570459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C. W., Chan, C., & Yip, P. (2014). Suicide rates in China from 2002 to 2011: An update. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(6), 929–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0789-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, H., Zhang, Y., & Sun, L. (2021). The effect of workplace violence on depression among medical staff in China: The mediating role of interpersonal distrust. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94(3), 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01607-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J., Zheng, Z., Tang, Y., Zhang, R., Lu, Q., Wang, B., & Sun, Q. (2022). Psychological distress and its influencing factors among psychiatric nurses in China: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.948786
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S., Lin, S., Li, H., Chai, W., Zhang, Q., Wu, Y., & Zhu, W. (2014). A study on workplace violence and its effect on quality of life among medical professionals in China. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 69(2), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2012.732124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S., Zhu, W., Li, H., Lin, S., Chai, W., & Wang, X. (2012). Workplace violence and influencing factors among medical professionals in China. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 55(11), 1000–1008. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.22097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, T., Magnusson Hanson, L. L., Lange, T., Starkopf, L., Westerlund, H., Madsen, I. E. H., Rugulies, R., Pentti, J., Stenholm, S., Vahtera, J., Hansen, Å. M., Kivimäki, M., & Rod, N. H. (2018). Workplace bullying and violence as risk factors for type 2 diabetes: A multicohort study and meta-analysis. Diabetologia, 61(1), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-017-4480-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, T., Magnusson Hanson, L. L., Lange, T., Starkopf, L., Westerlund, H., Madsen, I. E. H., Rugulies, R., Pentti, J., Stenholm, S., Vahtera, J., Hansen, A. M., Virtanen, M., Kivimaki, M., & Rod, N. H. (2019). Workplace bullying and workplace violence as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A multi-cohort study. European Heart Journal, 40(14), 1124–1134. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy683
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, S., Zeng, Q., Peng, M., Ren, S., & Wang, J. (2014). Stop violence against medical workers in China. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 6(6), E141–145. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.06.10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Younès, N., Rivière, M., Plancke, L., Leroyer, A., Blanchon, T., Azevedo Da Silva, M., & Melchior, M. (2018). Work intensity in men and work-related emotional demands in women are associated with increased suicidality among persons attending primary care. Journal of Affective Disorders, 235, 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, H., Nie, C., Zhou, Y., Wang, X., Wang, H., & Shi, X. (2020). Suicides in China from 2008-2017: A longitudinal epidemological study. International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science, 10(2), 88–91. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJCIIS.IJCIIS_108_19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zafar, W., Khan, U. R., Siddiqui, S. A., Jamali, S., & Razzak, J. A. (2016). Workplace violence and self-reported psychological health: Coping with post-traumatic stress, mental distress, and burnout among physicians working in the emergency departments compared to other specialties in Pakistan. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 50(1), 167–177.e161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.02.049
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, J. Y., An, F. R., Xiang, Y. T., Qi, Y. K., Ungvari, G. S., Newhouse, R., Yu, D. S., Lai, K. Y., Yu, L. Y., Ding, Y. M., Tang, W. K., Wu, P. P., Hou, Z. J., & Chiu, H. F. (2013). Frequency and risk factors of workplace violence on psychiatric nurses and its impact on their quality of life in China. Psychiatry Research, 210(2), 510–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, J. (2019). The strain theory of suicide. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 13, e27. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2019.19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, S.-E., Liu, W., Wang, J., Shi, Y., Xie, F., Cang, S., Sun, T., & Fan, L. (2018). Impact of workplace violence and compassionate behaviour in hospitals on stress, sleep quality and subjective health status among Chinese nurses: A cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 8(10), e019373. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019373
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., Li, Y., Yang, C., & Jiang, G. (2021). Trends in workplace violence Involving health care professionals in China from 2000 to 2020: A review. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 27, e928393. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.928393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S. H., Shi, Y. U., Sun, Z. N., Xie, F. Z., Wang, J. H., Zhang, S. E., & Fan, L. H. (2018). Impact of workplace violence against nurses’ thriving at work, job satisfaction and turnover intention: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(13–14), 2620–2632. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S., Xie, F., Wang, J., Shi, Y., Zhang, S., Han, X., Sun, Z., Shi, L., Li, Z., Mu, H., Liu, X., Liu, W., Gao, L., Sun, T., & Fan, L. (2018). Prevalence of workplace violence against Chinese nurses and its association with mental health: A cross-sectional survey. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(2), 242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2017.11.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar