Corporate social responsibility in Nigeria and multinational corporations in the fight against human trafficking in oil-producing communities

References

• ACCORD. 2017. Nigeria: COI Compilation on Human Trafficking. Vienna: Austria Center for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation.
   Google Scholar
• African Development Report. 2015. Growth, Poverty and Inequality Nexus: Overcoming Barrier to Sustainable Development. Abidjan: African Development Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Akpan, W. 2006. “Between Responsibility and Rhetoric: Some Consequences of CSR Practice in Nigeria’s Oil Province.” Development Southern Africa 23 (2): 223–240.
   Google Scholar
• Alfred, C. 2013. “Global Memorandum of Understanding: An Analysis of Shell Petroleum Development Companies Current Community Development Model in the Niger Delta.” International Journal Innovative Social Science and Humanities Research 2 (1): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Amaeshi, K., B. Adi, C. Ogbechie, and O. Amao. 2006. “Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria” Journal of Corporate Citizenship 24: 83–99.
   Google Scholar
• Asongu, S. A., J. I. Uduji, and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2019a. “Tourism and Insecurity in the World.” International Review of Economics. doi:10.1007/s12232-019-00330-z.
   Google Scholar
• Asongu, S. A., J. I. Uduji, and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2019b. “Transfer Pricing and Corporate Social Responsibility: Arguments, Views and Agenda.” Mineral Economics. doi:10.1007/s13563-019-00195-2.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter, A. L. A. 2019. “When the Line Between Victimization and Criminalization Blurs: The Victim-Offender Overlap Observed in Female Offenders in Cases of Trafficking in Persons for Sexual Exploitation in Australia.” Journal of Human Trafficking. doi:10.1080/23322705.2019.1578579.
   Google Scholar
• Bogdan, L. 2018. “Research on Human Trafficking in Moldova: A Review of Literature.” Journal of Human Trafficking 5: 336–347. doi:10.1080/23322705.2018.1499852.
   Google Scholar
• Buzra, J., S. Castle, and A. Diarra. 2004. “Trafficking and Health.” British Medical Journal 328: 1369–1371. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7452.1369.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carroll, A. B. 1991. “The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Towards the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders.” Business Horizons 34: 39–48.
   Google Scholar
• Chevron. 2014. Corporate Responsibility Report of Chevron in Nigeria. Lagos: Policy, Government & Public Affairs (PGPA) Department of Chevron in Nigeria.
   Google Scholar
• Chevron. 2017. Roots of Change: Chevron’s Model Community Empowerment Programme in the Niger Delta. Lagos: Policy, Government & Public Affairs (PGPA) Department.
   Google Scholar
• Cho, S. Y. 2015. “Valuating Policies Against Human Trafficking Worldwide: An Overview and Review of the 3P Index.” Journal of Human Trafficking 1 (1): 86–99. doi:10.1080/23322705.2015.1014660.
   Google Scholar
• Cornforth-Camden, B. 2018. “Human Trafficking and Exploitation in the Scottish Sex Industry: Clients’ Accounts.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (2): 137–154. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1336367.
   Google Scholar
• Dempsey, M. M. 2010. “Sex Trafficking and Criminalization: In Defense of Feminist Abolition.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 158: 1729–1778.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edoho, F. M. 2008. “Oil Transnational Corporations: Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability.” Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 15 (4): 210–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekhator, E. O. 2014. “Corporate Social Responsibility and Chinese Oil Multinationals in the Oil and Gas Industry of Nigeria: An Appraisal.” Cadern De EsthudosAfricanos 28: 119–140.
   Google Scholar
• Eweje, G. 2006. “Environmental Costs and Responsibilities Resulting From Oil Exploitation in Developing Countries: The Case of the Niger Delta of Nigeria.” Journal of Business Ethics 69 (1): 27–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frynas, J. 2009. Beyond Corporate Social Responsibility: Oil Multinationals and Challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hounmenou, C. 2018. “Policy Response and Service Provision to Child Victim of Commercial Sexual Exploitation in the West African Region.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (4): 336–361. doi:1080/23322705.2017.1356625.
   Google Scholar
• Hounmenou, C., and W. Her. 2018. “Distinctiveness in the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (4): 298–326. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1365567.
   Google Scholar
• Hudlow, J. 2015. “Fighting Human Trafficking Through Transit Monitoring: A Data-Driven Model Developed in Nepal.” Journal of Human Trafficking 1 (4): 275–295. doi:10.1080/23322705.2015.1098521.
   Google Scholar
• Idemudia, U. 2014. “Corporate-Community Engagement Strategies in the Niger Delta: Some Critical Reflections.” The Extractive Industries and Society 1 (2): 154–162.
   Google Scholar
• IMF. 2018. IMF Executive Board Concludes 2018 Article IV Consultation with Nigeria-Country Report No. 18/63. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Ite, U. E. 2007. “Changing Times and Strategies: Shell’s Contribution to Sustainable Community Development in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.” Sustainable Development 15 (1): 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, S., J. King, and N. Edward. 2018. “Human-Trafficking Prevention is not ‘Sexy’: Impact of the Rescue Industry on Thailand NGO Programmes and the Need for a Human Rights Approach.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (3): 231–255. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1355161.
   Google Scholar
• Kempadoo, K. 2015. “The Modern-Day White (Wo)Man’s Burdern: Trends in Anti-Trafficking and Anti-Slavery Campaigns.” Journal of Human Trafficking 1 (1): 8–20. doi:10.1080/23322705.2015.1006120.
   Google Scholar
• Ladd, S. K., and L. N. Weaver. 2018. “Moving Forward: Collaborative Accompaniment of Human Trafficking Survivors by Using Trauma-Informed Practices.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (3): 191–212. doi:10.1080.23322705.2017.1346445.
   Google Scholar
• Liebenehn, S., H. Affognon, and H. Waibel. 2011. “Impact Assessment of Livestock Research and Development in West Africa: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.” Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 3 (11): 253–266.
   Google Scholar
• Lompo, K., and J. F. Trani. 2013. “Does Corporate Social Responsibility Contribute to Human Development in Developing Countries? Evidence From Nigeria” Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 14 (2): 241–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinnon, C. A. 2011. “Trafficking, Prostitution and Inequality.” Harvard Civil Right-Civil Liberties Law Review 46: 271–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy, L. A. 2019. “A Gendered Perspective on Human Trafficking Perpetrators: Evidence From Russia.” Journal of Human Trafficking. doi:10.1080/23322705.2019.1571302.
   Google Scholar
• Muthuri, J. N. 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility in Africa: Definitions, Issues and Processes. London: Royal Hollowing University of London, School of Management Research Seminar.
   Google Scholar
• NAPTIP. 2011. “Together in the Fight.” A Publication of the National Agency for Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP) 3(1), April–June.
   Google Scholar
• National Bureau of Statistics. 2017. “Labour Force Statistics.” Unemployment and Underemployment Report, 1 December.
   Google Scholar
• NDDC. 2001. The Niger Delta: A Brief History. Port-Harcourt: Niger Delta Development Commission.
   Google Scholar
• NDDC. 2004. Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan: Draft 3. Port-Harcourt: Niger Delta Development Commission.
   Google Scholar
• Ngwe, J. E., and O. O. Elechi. 2012. “Human Trafficking: The Modern Day Slavery of the 21st Century.” African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies 6: 103–119.
   Google Scholar
• NPC. 2007. “Report of Nigeria’s National Population Commission on the 2006 Census.” Population and Development Review 33 (1): 206–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odozi, J. I., T. T. Awoyemi, and B. T. Omonona. 2010. “Household Poverty and Inequality: the Implication of Migrants’ Remittances in Nigeria.” Journal of Economic Policy Reform 13 (2): 191–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oduwole, H. K., and S. L. Shehu. 2013. “A Mathematical Model on the Dynamics of Poverty and Prostitution in Nigeria.” Mathematical Theory and Modeling 3 (12): 74–80.
   Google Scholar
• Ogunniran, I. 2009. “Trafficking in Children: The Nigerian Experience.” Olabisi Onabanjo University Law Journal 1 (1): 57–79.
   Google Scholar
• Ogunniran, I. 2017. “Forward Looking or Backward Stepping: Evaluating Child Protection from Sexual Exploitation in Nigeria.” Journal of Human Trafficking 3 (3): 167–181. Doi:10.1080/23322705.2016.1146519.
   Google Scholar
• Okeshola, F. B., and A. A. Adenugba. 2018. “Human Trafficking: A Modern Day Slavery in Nigeria.” American International Journal of Contemporary Research 8 (2): 40–44. doi:10.30845/aijcr.v8n2p5.
   Google Scholar
• Omorodion, F. I. 2009. “Vulnerability of Nigerian Secondary School to Human Sex Trafficking in Nigeria.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 13 (3): 33–48.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papanicolaou, G., and G. A. Anonopoulos. 2018. “Review of Combating Human Trafficking: Gaps in Policy and Law.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (2): 185–187. Doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1284526.
   Google Scholar
• PIND. 2018. “Deception and Exploitation: Human Trafficking in the Niger Delta.” Violence Affecting Women and Girls (VAWG) Quarterly Update October 2018: 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Polaris. 2018. Human Trafficking: The Facts. Washington, DC: Charity Navigator.
   Google Scholar
• Pourmokhtari, N. 2015. “Global Human Trafficking Unmasked: A Feminist Right-Based Approach.” Journal of Human Trafficking 1 (2): 156–166. doi:10.1080.23322705.2014.1000078.
   Google Scholar
• Powell, C., M. Asbill, E. Louis, and H. Stoklosa. 2018. “Identifying Gaps in Human Trafficking Mental Health Service Provision.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (3): 256–269. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1362936.
   Google Scholar
• Raphael, J. 2017. “Returning Trafficking Prevalence to the Public Policy Debate: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Journal of Human Trafficking 3 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1280314.
   Google Scholar
• Ravallion, M. 2001. “The Mystery of the Vanishing Benefits: An Introduction to Impact Evaluation.” The World Bank Economic Review 15 (1): 115–140.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recknor, F. H., G. Gemeinhardt, and B. J. Selwyn. 2018. “Health-Care Provider Challenges to the Identification of Human Trafficking in Health-Care Settings: A Qualitative Study.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (3): 213–230. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1348740.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenbaum, P. R., and D. B. Rubin. 1983. “The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects.” Biometrika 70 (1): 41–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell, A. 2018. “Human Trafficking: A Research Synthesis on Human-Trafficking Literature in Academic Journals from 2000–2014.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (2): 114–136. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1292377.
   Google Scholar
• Sanchez, S. K. 2018. “Sex Trafficking in the United States: Theory, Research, Policy and Practice.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (2): 188–189. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1293463.
   Google Scholar
• Schwarz, C., C. Xing, R. Daugherty, S. Watt, and H. E. Britton. 2019. “Frontline Workers’ Perceptions of Human Trafficking: Warning Signs and Risks in the Midwest.” Journal of Human Trafficking, Doi:10.1080/23322705.2018.1562316.
   Google Scholar
• Serie, C. M. B., A. Krumeich, A. V. Dijke, E. de Ruiter, L. Terpstra, and C. de Ruiter. 2018. “Sex Traffickers’ View: A Qualitative Study into their Perceptions of the Victim-Offender Relationship.” Journal Human Trafficking 4 (2): 169–184. doi:10.1080/23322705.1337439.
   Google Scholar
• Shannon, K., S. A. Strathdee, S. M. Goldenberg, P. Duff, P. Mwangi, M. Rusakova, and M. C. Boily. 2015. “Global Epidemiology of HIV Among Female Sex Workers: Influence of Structural Determinants.” The Lancet 385: 55–71. doi:10.1016/SO140-6736(14)60931-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPDC. 2013. Shell in Nigeria: Global Memorandum of Understanding. Port-Harcourt: Shell Petroleum Development Corporation in Nigeria.
   Google Scholar
• Tallmadge, R., and R. J. Gitter. 2018. “The Determinants of Human Trafficking in the European Union.” Journal of Human Trafficking 4 (2): 155–168. doi:10.1080/23322705.2017.1336368.
   Google Scholar
• Tuodolo, F. 2009. “Corporate Social Responsibility: Between Civil Society and Oil Industry in the Developing World.” ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies 8 (3): 530–541.
   Google Scholar
• Udoh, I. A. 2013. “Oil, Migration, and the Political Economic of HIV/AIDS Prevention in Nigeria’s Niger Delta.” International Journal of Health Services 43 (4): 681–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2017. “Multinational Oil Firms’ CSR Initiatives in Nigeria: The Need of Rural Farmers in Host Communities.” Journal of International Development 29 (3): 308–329. doi:10.1002/jid.3243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2018a. “Adoption of Improved Crop Varieties by Involving Farmers in the E-Wallet Programme in Nigeria.” Journal of Crop Improvement 32 (5): 717–737. doi:10.108/1547528.2018.1496216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2018b. “Young Rural Women’s Participation in the E-Wallet Programme and Usage Intensity of Modern Agricultural Inputs in Nigeria.” Gender, Technology and Development 22 (1): 59–81. doi:10.1080/09718524.2018.1445894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2018c. “Does Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Impact on Development of Women in Small-Scale Fisheries of sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Coastal Communities of Niger Delta in Nigeria.” Marine Policy. doi:10.1016/j.mapol.2018.10.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2018d. “Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives in Nigeria and Rural Women Livestock Keepers in Oil Host Communities.” Social Responsibility Journal. doi:10.1108//SRJ-01-2018-0025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., and E. N. Okolo-Obasi. 2019. “Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria and Rural Youths in Sustainable Traditional Industries Livelihood in oil Producing Communities.” Journal of International Development. doi:10.1002/jid.3432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., E. N. Okolo-Obasi, and S. A. Asongu. 2018a. “The Impact of E-Wallet on Informal Farm Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Nigeria.” The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries. doi:10.1002/isd2.12066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., E. N. Okolo-Obasi, and S. A. Asongu. 2018b. “Does CSR Contribute to the Development of Rural Young People in Cultural Tourism of sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence From the Niger Delta in Nigeria.” Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change. doi:10.1080/1476682.2018.1502777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., E. N. Okolo-Obasi, and S. A. Asongu. 2019a. “Responsible Use of Crop Protection Products and Nigeria’s Growth Enhancement Support Scheme.” Development in Practice 29: 448–463. doi:10.1080/09614524.2019.1572713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., E. N. Okolo-Obasi, and S. A. Asongu. 2019b. “Corporate Social Responsibility and the Role of Rural Women in Sustainable Agricultural Development in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence From the Niger Delta in Nigeria.” Sustainable Development 27: 692–703. doi:10.1002/sd.1933.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uduji, J. I., E. N. Okolo-Obasi, and S. A. Asongu. 2019c. “Multinational oil Companies in Nigeria and Corporate Social Responsibility in the HIV/AIDS Response in Host Communities.” Local Environment 24: 393–416. doi:10.1080/13549839.2019.1585770.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNESCO. 2006. “Human Trafficking in Nigeria: Root Causes and Recommendations.” Policy Paper: Poverty Series No. 14.2 (E). Paris 2006.
   Google Scholar
• United States Department of State. 2018. “Trafficking in Persons Report – Nigeria, June 28, 2018.” Accessed July 23, 2019. https://www.refworld.org/docid/5b3e0ab6a.html.
   Google Scholar
• Visser, W. 2006. “Revisiting Carroll’s CSR Pyramid: An African Perspective.” In Corporate Citizenship in Developing Countries, edited by E. R. Pederson and M. Huniche, 29–56. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vocks, J., and J. Nijboer. 2000. “The Promised Land: A Study of Trafficking in Women from Central and Eastern Europe to Netherlands.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 8: 379–388. doi:10.1023/A:1008.785214932.
   Google Scholar
• Waltman, M. 2011. “Prohibiting Sex Purchasing and Ending Trafficking: The Swedish Prostitution Law.” Michigan Journal of International Law 33: 133–157.
   Google Scholar
• Weitzer, R. 2010. “The Movement to Criminalize Sex Work in the United States.” Journal of Law and Society 37 (1): 61–84. doi:10.1111/jols.2010.37.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar