37
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

The virulence of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 is not dependent on efficient spike protein cleavage and cell-to-cell fusion

Pages 400-410 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Barr PJ (1991). Mammalian subtilisins: The long-sought dibasic processing endoproteases. Cell 66: 1–3.
  • Bolt G, Pedersen IR (1998). The role of subtilisin-like proprotein convertases for cleavage of the measles virus fusion glycoprotein in different cell types. Virology 252: 387–398.
  • Bolt G, Pedersen LO, Birkeslund HH (2000). Cleavage of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein is required for its surface expression: Role of furin. Virus Res 68: 25–33.
  • Bos ECW, Heijnen L, Luytjes W, Spaan WJM (1996). Muta-tional analysis of the murine coronavirus spike protein: Effect on cell to cell fusion. Virology 214: 453–463.
  • Das Sarma J, Fu L, Tsai JC, Weiss Sr, Lavi E (2000). Demyeli-nation determinants map to the spike glycoprotein gene of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus. I Virol 74: 9206–9213.
  • Fischer F, Stegen CF, Koetzner CA, Masters PS (1997). Anal-ysis of a recombinant mouse hepatitis virus expressing a foreign gene reveals a novel aspect of coronavirus tran-scription. I Virol 71: 5148–5160.
  • Gallagher TM, Escarmis C, Buchmeier MJ (1991). Alteration of pH dependence of coronavirus-induced cell fusion: Effect of mutations in the spike glycoprotein. I Virol 65: 1916–1928.
  • Gombold JL, Hingley ST, Weiss SR (1993). Fusion-defective mutants of mouse hepatitis virus A59 contain a mutation in the spike protein cleavage signal. I Virol 67: 4504–4512.
  • Hallenberger S, Moulard M, Sordel M, Klenk HD, Garten W (1997). The role of eukaryotic subtilisin-like endopro - teases for the activation of human immunodeficiency virus glycoproteins in natural host cells. I Virol 71: 1036–1045.
  • Hingley ST, Gombold JL, Lavi E, Weiss SR (1994). MHV-A59 fusion mutants are attenuated and display altered hepatotropism. Virology 200: 1–10.
  • Hingley ST, Gombold JL, Lavi E, Weiss SR (1995). Hepatitis mutants of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59. Adv Exp Med Biol 380: 577–582.
  • Hirano N, Murakami T, Taguchi F, Fujiwara K, Matumoto M (1981). Comparison of mouse hepatitis virus strains for pathogenicity in weanling mice infected by various routes. Arch Virol 70: 69–73.
  • Koetzner CA, Parker MM, Ricard CS, Sturman LS, Masters PS (1992). Repair and mutagenesis of the genome of a deletion mutant of the murine coronavirus mouse hep-atitis virus by targeted RNA recombination. I Virol 66: 1841–1848.
  • Krueger DK, Kelly SM, Lewicki DN, Ruffolo R, Gallagher TM (2001). Variations in disparate regions of the murine coronavirus spike protein impact the initiation of mem-brane fusion. I Virol 75: 2792–2802.
  • Kubo H, Yamada YK, Taguchi F (1994). Localization of neu-tralizing epitopes and the receptor binding site within the amino-terminal 330 amino acids of the murine coro-navirus spike protein. I Virol 68: 5404–5410.
  • Kuo L, Godeke GJ, Raamsman MJ, Masters PS, Rottier PJ (2000). Retargeting of coronavirus by substitution of the spike glycoprotein ectodomain: Crossing the host cell species barrier. I Virol 74: 1393–1406.
  • Lavi E, Gilden DH, Wroblewska Z, Rorke LB, Weiss SR (1984). Experimental demyelination produced by the A59 strain of mouse hepatitis virus. Neurology 34: 597–603.
  • Leparc-Goffart I, Hingley ST, Chua MM, Jiang X, Lavi E, Weiss SR (1997). Altered pathogenesis of a mutant of the murine coronavirus MHV-A59 is associated with a Q159L amino acid substitution in the spike protein. Virology 239: 1–10.
  • Leparc-Goffart I, Hingley ST, Chua MM, Phillips J, Lavi E, Weiss SR (1998). Targeted recombination within the spike gene of murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus-A59: Q159 is a determinant of hepatotropism. I Virol 72: 9628–9636.
  • Luo Z, Weiss SR (1998). Roles in cell-to-cell fusion of two conserved hydrophobic regions in the murine coron-avirus spike protein. Virology 244: 483–494.
  • Luytjes W, Sturman L, Bredenbeck PJ, Charite J, van der Zeijst BAM, Horzinek MC, Spaan WJM (1987). Pri-mary structure of the glycoprotein E2 of coronavirus MHV-A59 and identification of the trypsin cleavage site. Virology 161: 479–487.
  • Maisner A, Mrkic B, Herrler G, Moll M, Billeter MA, Cattaneo R, Klenk HD (2000). Recombinant measles virus requiring an exogenous protease for activation of infectivity. I Gen Virol 81: 441–449.
  • Masters PS, Koetyzner CA, Kerr CA, Heo Y (1994). Opti-mization of targeted RNA recombination and mapping of a novel nucleocapsid gene mutation in the coron-avirus mouse hepatitis virus. I Virol 68: 328–337.
  • McCune JM, Rabin LB, Feinberg MB, Lieberman M, Kosek JC, Reyes GR, Weissman IL (1988). Endoproteolytic cleavage of gp 160 is required for the activation of hu-man immunodeficiency virus. Cell 53: 55–67.
  • Nakayama K (1997). Furin: A mammalian subtilisin/ Kex2p-like endoprotease involved in processing of a wide variety of precursor proteins. Biochem 1327: 625–635.
  • Phillips JJ, Chua MM, Lavi E, Weiss SR (1999). Pathogenesis of chimeric MHV4/MHV-A59 recombinant viruses: The murine coronavirus spike protein is a major determinant of neurovirulence. I Virol 73: 7752–7760.
  • Phillips JJ, Chua M, Seo S, Weiss SR (2001). Multi-ple regions of the murine coronavirus spike glyco-protein influence neurovirulence. I NeuroVirol 7: 421–431.
  • Reed LJ, Muench H (1938). A simple method of estimating fifty per cent points. Am J. Hygiene 27: 493–497.
  • Rott R, Klenk HD, Nagai Y, Tashiro M (1995). Influenza viruses, cell enzymes, and pathogenicity. Am I Respir Crit Care Med 152: S16–519.
  • Stadler K, Allison SL, Schalich J, Heinz FX (1997). Pro-teolytic activation of tick-borne encephalitis virus by furin. I Virol 71: 8475–8184.
  • Stauber R, Pfleiderera M, Siddell SG (1993). Proteolytic cleavage of the murine coronavirus surface glycoprotein is not required for infectivity. I Gen Virol 74: 183–191.
  • Taguchi F, Ikeda T, Shida H (1992). Molecular cloning and expression of a spike protein of neurovirulent murine coronavirus JHMV variant c1-2. I Gen Virol 73: 1065–1072.
  • Tsai CW, Chang SC, Chang MF (1999). A 12-amino acid stretch in the hypervariable region of the spike protein 51 subunit is critical for cell fusion activity of mouse hepatitis virus. J Biol Chem 274: 26085–26090.
  • Vey M, Schafer W, Reis B, Ohuchi R, Britt W, Garten W, Klenk HD, Radsak K (1995). Proteolytic processing of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B (gpUL55) is me-diated by the human endoprotease furin. Virology 206: 746–749.
  • Volchkov VE, Feldmann H, Volchkova VA, Klenk HD (1998). Processing of the Ebola virus glycoprotein by the proprotein convertase furin. Proc Nail Acad Sci USA 95: 5762–5767.
  • Volchkov VE, Volchkova VA, Stroher U, Becker S, Dolnik O, Cieplik M, Garten W, Klenk HD, Feldmann H (2000). Proteolytic processing of Marburg virus glycoprotein. Virology 268: 1–6.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.