52
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Central nervous system infections in individuals with HIV-1 infection

Pages 158-167 | Published online: 10 Jul 2009

References

  • Albrecht H, Hoffmann C, Degen O, Stoehr A, Plettenberg A, Mertenskotter T, Eggers C, Stellbrink HJ (1998). HAART significantly improves the prognosis of patients with HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy. AIDS 12: 1149–1154.
  • Antinori A, Cingolani A, De Luca A, Gaidano G, Ammassari A, Larocca L, Ortona L (1999). Epstein-Barr virus in monitoring the response to therapy of acquired immun-odeficiency syndrome-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Neurol 5: 259–261.
  • Arribas JR, Clifford DB, Fichtenbaum CJ, Roberts RL, Powderly WG, Storch GA (1995a). Detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of AIDS-related central nervous system lymphoma. J Clin Micro 33: 1580–1583.
  • Arribas JR, Clifford DB, Fichtenbaum CJ, Commins DL, Powderly WG, Storch GA (1995b). Level of CMV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of subjects with AIDS and CMV infection in the central nervous system. I Infect Dis 172: 527–531.
  • Astrom KE, Mancall EL, Richardson EP (1958). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. Brain 81: 92–111.
  • Berger JR, Kaszovitz B, Post J, Dickinson G (1987). Progres-sive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ann Intern Med 107: 78–87.
  • Berger JR, Mucke L (1988). Prolonged survival and par-tial recovery in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. Neurol 38: 1060–1065.
  • Berger JR, Pall L, Lanska D, Whiteman M (1998). Progres-sive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection. J NeuroVirol 4: 59–68.
  • Berman SM, Kim RC (1994). The development of cy-tomegalovirus encephalitis in AIDS patients receiving ganciclovir. Am J Med 96: 415–419.
  • Brambilla AM, Castagna A, Novati R, Cinque P, Terreni MR, Moioli MC, Lazzarin A (1999). Remission of AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencepha - lopathy after cidofovir therapy. I Neurology 246: 723–725.
  • Chamberlain M, Kormanik P (1999). AIDS-related cen-tral nervous system lymphomas. I NeuroOncol 43: 269–276.
  • Chang L, Miller B, McBride D, Cornford M, Oropilla G, Buchtal S, Chiang F, Aronow H, Beck CK, Ernst T (1995). Brain lesions in patients with AIDS: H-1 MR spec-troscopy. Radiology 197: 525–531.
  • Chowdhury M, Kundu M, Khalili K (1993). GA/GC-rich sequence confers Tat responsiveness to human neu-rotropic virus promoter, JCV, in cells derived from cen-tral nervous system. Oncogene 8: 887–892.
  • Cingolani A, De Luca A, Ammassari A, Murri R, Linzalone A, Grillo R, Antinori A (1996). PCR detection of Toxo-plasma gondii DNA in CSF for the differential diagnosis of AIDS-related focal brain lesions. I Med Microbiol 45: 472–476.
  • Cingolani A, De Luca A, Larocca L, Ammassari A, Scer-rati M, Antinori A, Ortona L (1998). Minimally invasive diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. I Nat] Cancer Inst 90: 364–369.
  • Cinque P, Baldanti F, Vago L, Terreni M, Lillo F, Furione M, Castagna A, Monforte A, Lazzarin A, Linde A (1995). Ganciclovir therapy for cytomegalovirus infection of the central nervous system in AIDS patients: monitoring by CMV DNA detection in cerebrospinal fluid. I Infect Dis 171: 1603–1606.
  • Cinque P, Vago L, Dahl H, Brytting M, Terreni M, Fornara C, Racc a S, Castagna A, Monforte A, Wa hren B, Lazzarin A, Linde A (1996). Polymerase chain reaction on cere-brospinal fluid for diagnosis of virus-associated oppor-tunistic diseases of the central nervous system in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 10: 951–958.
  • Cinque P, Cleator GM, Weber T, Monteyne P, Sindic C, Gerna G, van Loon A, Klapper P (1998). Diagnosis and clinical management of neurological disorders caused by cytomegalovirus in AIDS patients. I NeuroVirol 4: 120–132.
  • Clifford DB, Arribas JR, Storch GA, Tourtellote W, Wippold FJ (1996). Magnetic resonance brain imaging lacks sensi-tivity for AIDS associated cytomegalovirus encephalitis. J NeuroVirol 2: 397–403.
  • Clifford DB, Yiannoutsos C, Glicksman M, Simpson DM, Singer EJ, Piliero PJ, Marra CM, Francis GS, McArthur JC, Tyler KL, Tselis AC, Hyslop NE (1999). HAART improves prognosis in HIV-associated progressive mul-tifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 52: 623–625.
  • Cohen B (1999). Neurologic manifestations of toxoplasmo-sis in AIDS. Semin Neurol 19: 201–.
  • Corn B, Donhaue B, Rosenstock J, Hyslop T, Brandon A, Hegde H, Cooper J, Sherr D, Fisher S, Berson A, Han H, Abdel-Wahab M, Koprowski C, Ruffer J, Curran W (1997). Performance status and age as independent pre-dictors of survival among AIDS patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a multivariate analysis of a multi-institutional experience. Cancer J Sci Am 3: 52–56.
  • Dannemann B, McCutchan A, Israelski D, Antoniskis D, Leport C, Luft B, Nussbaum J, Clumeck N, Morlat P, Chiu J, Vilde J, Orellana M, Feigal D, Bartok A, Heseltine P, Leedom J, Remington J (1992). Treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Ann of Intern Med 116: 33–43.
  • DeLuca A, Cingolani A, Linzalone A, Ammassari A, Murri R, Giancola M, Maiuro G, Antinori A (1996). Improved detection of JC virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy. I Clin Micro 34: 1343–1346.
  • DeLuca A, Giancol a ML, Cingolani A, Ammassari A, Gillini L, Murri R, Antinori A (1999). Clinical and virolgical monitoring during treatment with intathecal cytarabine in patients with AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Infect Dis 28: 624–628.
  • DeLuca A, Giancol a ML, Ammassari A, Grisetti S, Cingolani A, Paglia M, Govoni A, Murri R, Testa L, Monforte A, Antinori A (2000). Cidofovir added to HAART improves virological and clinical outcome in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. AIDS 14: 117–121.
  • Dworkin MS, Wan PC, Hanson DL, Jones JL, Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project (1999). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: improved survival of HIV-infected patients in the protease in-hibitor era. I Infect Dis 180: 621–625.
  • Ferrante P, Calderelli-Stefano R, Omodeo-Zorini E, Vago L, Boldorini R, Costanzi G (1995). PCR detection of JC virus DNA in brain tissue from patients with and with-out progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. I Med Virol 47: 219–.
  • Fessler RD, Sobel J, Guyot L, Crane L, Vazguez J, Szub a M, Diaz F (1998). Management of elevated intracranial pres-sure in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. I AIDS Human Retrovirol 17: 137–142.
  • Fine H, Mayer R (1993). Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Intern Med 119: 1093–1104.
  • Flinn I, Ambinder R (1996). AIDS primary central nervous system lymphoma. Curr Opin Oncol 8: 373–376.
  • Fong IW, Toma E, Canadian PML Study Group (1995). The natural history of progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 20: 1305–1310.
  • Friedman PD, Samore MH, Kraemer KL, Calkins DR (1995). Clinical correlates of secondary meningitis in HIV-infected adults. Arch Intern Med 155: 2231–2237.
  • Furrer H, Opravil M, Bernasconi E, Telenti A, Egger M (2000). Stopping primary prophylaxis in HIV-1-infected patients at high risk of toxoplasma encephalitis. Lancet 355: 2217–2218.
  • Gallant JE, Moore RD, Richman DD, Keruly J, Chaisson RE, zidovudine epidemiology group (1992). Incidence and natural history of cytomegalovirus disease in pa-tients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease treated with zidovudine. I Infect Dis 166: 1223–1227.
  • Hall CD, Dafni U, Simpson D, Clifford D, Wetherill P, Cohen B, McArthur J, Hollander H, Yiannoutsos C, Major E, Millar L, Timpone J (1998). Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 338: 1345–1351.
  • Hofman FM, Dohadwala MM, Wright AD, Hinton DR, Walker SM (1994). Exogenous tat protein activates central nervous system-derived endothelial cells. I Neuroimmunol 54: 19–28.
  • Holland NR, Power C, Mathews VP, Glass JD, Forman M, McArthur JC (1994). Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in AIDS. Neurology 44: 507–514.
  • Holman RC, Janssen RS, Buehler JW, Zelasky MT, Hooper WC (1991). Epidemiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the United States. Neurology 41: 1733–1736.
  • Kalayjian RC, Cohen ML, Bonomo RA, Flanigan TP (1993). Cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis in AIDS. Medicine 72: 67–77.
  • Koralnik IJ, Pasquier RA, Letvin NL (2001). JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in individuals with progres-sive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. I Virol 75: 3483–3487.
  • Krupp LB, Lipton RB, Swerdlow ML, Leeds NE, Llena J (1985). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. Ann Neurol 17: 344–349.
  • Kure K, Llena JF, Lyman WD, Soeiro R, Weidenheim K, Hirano A, Dickson D (1991). Human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of the nervous system. Hum Pathol 22: 700–710.
  • Laurenson IF, Ross JC, Milne JR (1997). Microscopy and latex antigen negative cryptococcal meningitis. I Infect 36: 329–331.
  • Leenders A, Reiss P, Portegies P, Clezy K, Hop W, Hoy J, Borleffs J, Allworth T, Kauffmann R, Jones P, Kroon F, Verbrugh H, de Marie S (1997). Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) compared with amphotericin B both fol-lowed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 11: 1463–1471.
  • Levy R, Rothholtz V (1997). HIV-1-related neurologic dis-orders. Neuroimag Clin North Am 7: 527–547.
  • Luft B, Remington J (1992). Toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 15: 211–222.
  • Major EO, Amemiya K, Tornatore CS, Houff SA, Berger JR (1992). Pathogenesis and molecular biology of pro-gressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain. Clin Micro Rev 5: 49–73.
  • Marra CM, Rajicic N, Barker DE, Cohen B, Clifford D, ACTG 363 team (2001). Prospective pilot study of cidofovir for HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. 8th Conf Retro and Opp Infect, Abstract 596.
  • Martinez E, Garcia-Viejo M, Marcos M, Perez-Cuevas J, Blanco J, Mallolas J, Miro J, Gatell J (2000). Discontinua-tion of secondary prophylaxis for cryptococcal meningi-tis in HIV-infected patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 14: 2615–2617.
  • McCutchan JA (1995). Clinical impact of cytomegalovirus infections of the nervous system in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 21 (Suppl 2): S196–S201.
  • McGowan J, Shah S (1998). Long-term remission of AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma as-sociated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 12: 952–953.
  • Monaco MC, Jensen PN, Hou J, Durham LC, Major EO (1998). Detection of JC virus DNA in human tonsil tis-sue: evidence for site of initial viral infection. I Virol 72: 918–923.
  • Morgello S, Cho ES, Nielsen S, Devinsky O, Petito CK (1987). Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Hum Pathol 18: 289–297.
  • Murray H (1999). Toxoplasmosis. In AIDS Therapy. Dolin R, Masur H, Saag M (eds). New York: Churchill Living-stone, pp 307–327.
  • Oursler K, Moore R, Chaisson R (1999). Risk factors for cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients. AIDS Res Human Retrovir 15: 625–631.
  • Padgett BL, Walker DL, ZuRhein GM, Eckroade RJ (1971). Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. Lancet 1: 1257–1260.
  • Perrons CJ, Fox JD, Lucas SB, Brink NS, Tedder RS, Miller RF (1996). Detection of polyomaviral DNA in clinical samples from immunocompromised patients: correla-tion with clinical disease. I Infect 32: 205–209.
  • Petito CK, Cho ES, Lemann W, Navia BA, Price RW (1986). Neuropathology of acquired immunodeficiency syn-drome: an autopsy review. I Neuropathol Exp Neurol 45: 635–646.
  • Pierce M, Johnson M, Maciunas R, Murray M, Allen G, Harbison M, Creasy J, Kessler R (1995). Evaluating contrast-enhancing brain lesions in patients with AIDS by using positron emission tomography. Ann Intern Med 123: 594–598.
  • Potasman I, Resnick L, Luft B, Remington J (1988). Intrathe-cal production of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis and the ac-quired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med 108: 49–51.
  • Power C, Kong PA, Crawford TO, Wesselingh S, Glass J, McArthur J, Trapp B (1993). Cerebral white matter changes in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome de-mentia: alterations of the blood-brain barrier. Ann Neu-rol 34: 339–350.
  • Price TA, Digioia RA, Simon GL (1992). Ganciclovir treat-ment of cytomegalovirus ventriculitis in a patient in-fected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 15: 606–608.
  • Price D, Klein J, Fisher M, Main J, Bingham J, Coker R (1997). Potential role for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 11: 693–694.
  • Raez L, Patel P, Feun L, Restrepo A, Raub W, Cassileth P (1998). Natural history and prognostic factors for sur-vival in patients with acquired immune deficiency syn-drome (AIDS)-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Crit Rev Oncol 9: 199–208.
  • Renold C, Sugar A, Chave J, Perrin L, Delavelle J, Pizzolato G, Burkhard P, Gabriel V, Hirschel B (1992). Toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with the acquired immunodefi-ciency syndrome. Medicine 71: 224–239.
  • Roberts T, Storch G (1997). Multiplex PCR for diagnosis of AIDS-related central nervous system lymphoma and toxoplasmosis. I Clin Microbiol 35: 268–269.
  • Ruiz A, Post J, Bundschu C, Ganz W, Georgiou M (1997). Primary central nervous system lymphoma in patients with AIDS. Neuroimag Clin North Am 7: 281–296.
  • Saag M, Cloud G, Graybill R, Sobel J, Tuazon C, Johnson P, Fessel W, Moskovitz B, Wiesinger B, Cosmatos D, Riser L, Thomas C, Hafner R, Dismukes W (1999). A com-parison of itraconazole versus fluconazole as mainte-nance therapy for AIDS-associated cryptococcal menin-gitis. Clin Infect Dis 28: 291–296.
  • Saag M, Graybill R, Larsen R, Pappas P, Perfect J, Powderly W, Sobel J, Dismukes W (2000). Practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease. Clin Infect Dis 30: 710–718.
  • Saba J, Morlat P, Raffi F, Hazebroucq V, Joly V, Leport C, Vilde J (1993). Pyrimethamine plus azithromycin for treatment of acute toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Eur I Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 12: 853–856.
  • Sadler M, Brink N, Gazzard B (1998a). Management of in-tracerebral lesions in patients with HIV: a retrospective study with discussion of diagnostic problems. Q I Med 91: 205–217.
  • Sadler M, Chinn R, Healy J, Fisher M, Nelson MR, Gazzard BG (1998b). New treatments for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 12: 533–535.
  • Salazar A, Podzamczer D, Rene R, Santin M, Perez J, Ferrer I, Fernandez-Viladrich P, Gudiol F (1995). Cy-tomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis in AIDS patients. Scand J Infect Dis 27: 165–169.
  • Sanchez-Portocarrer o J, Perez-Cecilia E (1997). Intrac-erebral mass lesions in patients with human im-munodefeciency virus infection and cryptococcal meningitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 29: 193–198.
  • Silber E, Sonnenberg P, Koornhof H, Morris L, Saffer D (1998). Dual infective pathology in patients with cryp-tococcal meningitis. Amer Acad of Neurol 51: 1213–1215.
  • Simpson D, Tagliati M (1994). Neurologic manifestation of HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 121: 769–785.
  • Slobod K, Taylor G, Sandlund J, Furth P, Helton K, Sixbey J (2000). Epstein-Barr virus-targeted therapy for AIDS-related primary lymphoma of the central nervous sys-tem. Lancet 356: 1493–1494.
  • Sparano J (1995). Treatment of AIDS-related lymphomas. Curr Opin Oncol 7: 442–449.
  • Tada H, Rappaport J, Lashgari M, Amini S, Wong-Staal F, Khalili K (1990). Trans-activation of the JC virus late promoter by the tat protein of type 1 human immunode-ficiency virus in glial cells. Proc Nat] Acad Sci USA 87: 3479–3483.
  • Taoufik Y, Gasnault J, Karaterki A, Ferey M, Marchadier E, Goujard C, Lannuzel A, Delfraissy J, Dussoix E (1998). Prognostic value of JC virus load in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopa - thy. J Infect Dis 178: 1816–1820.
  • Tassie JM, Gasnault J, Bentata M, Deloumeaux J, Boue F, Billaud E, Costagliola D (1999). Survival improve-ment of AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy in the era of protease inhibitors. AIDS 13: 1881–1887.
  • Thorner A, Katz J (2001). Progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy. Curr Infect Dis Rep 3: 352–359.
  • Tornatore C, Berger JR, Houff SA, Curfman B, Meyers K, Winfield D, Major E (1992). Detection of JC virus DNA in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. Ann Neu-rol 31: 454–462.
  • Vago L, Cinque P, Sala E, Nebuloni M, Caldarelli R, Racc a S, Ferrante P, Trabattoni G, Costanzi G (1996). JCV-DNA and BKV-DNA in the CNS tissue and CSF of AIDS pa-tients and normal subjects. J AIDS 12: 139–146.
  • Vinters HV, Kwok MK, Ho HW, Anders K, Tomiyasu U, Wolfson W, Robert F (1989). Cytomegalovirus in the nervous system of patients with acquired immunode-ficiency syndrome. Brain 112: 245–268.
  • Walot I, Miller BL, Chang L, Mehringer CM (1996). Neu-roimaging findings in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 22: 906–919.
  • Weber T, Turner R, Frye S, Ruf B, Haas J, Schielke E, Pohle H, Luke W, Luer W, Felgenhauer K, Hunsmann G (1994). Specific diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoen-cephalopathy by polymerase chain reaction. I Infect Dis 169: 1138–1141.
  • Whiteman ML, Post MJ, Berger JR, Tate LG, Bell MD, Limonte LP (1993). Progressive mutifocal leukoen-cephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neu-roimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Ra-diology 187: 233–240.
  • Wiselka MJ, Read R, Finch RG (1996). Response to oral and intravenous azithromycin in a patient with toxoplasma encephalitis and AIDS. J. Infection 33: 227–229.
  • Woods M, MacGinley R, Eisen D, Allworth A (1998). HIV combination therapy: partial immune restitution un-masking latent cryptococcal infection. AIDS 12: 1491–1494.
  • Wright D, Schneider A, Berger J (1997). Central nervous system opportunistic infections. Neuroimag Clin North Am 7: 513–.
  • Yiannoutsos CT, Maj or EO, Curfman B, Jensen P, Gravell M, Hou J, Clifford D, Hall C (1999). Relation of JC virus DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid to survival in acquired im-munodeficiency syndrome patients with biopsy-proven progressive multifocal leukoencephalopath y. Ann Neu-rol 45: 816–819.
  • Zeind C, Cleveland K, Menon M, Brown J, Solomon D (1996). Cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the ac-quired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pharmacotherapy 16: 547–561.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.