References
- Choe WK, Stoica G, Lynn WS, Wong PKY (1998). Neurode-generation induced by MoMuLV-ts1 and increased ex-pression of TNFa and Fas in the central nervous system. Brain Res 779: 1–8.
- Combs CK, Bates P, Karlo JC, Landreth GE (2001). Regu-lation of beta-amyloid stimulated proinflammatory re-sponses by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Neurochem Int 39: 449–457.
- Cullingford TE, Bhakoo K, Peuchen S, Dolphin CT, Patel R, Clark JB (1998). Distribution of mRNAs encoding the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor alpha, beta, and gamma and the retinoid X receptor alpha, beta, and gamma in rat central nervous system. I Neurochem 70: 1366–1375.
- DiGiuseppe JA, Weng LJ, Yu KH, Fu S, Kastan MB, Samid D, Gore SD (1999). Phenylbutyrate-induce d G1 arrest and apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells: Structure-function analysis. Leukemia 13: 1243–1253.
- Dringen R, Pfeiffer B, Hamprecht B (1999). Synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione in neurons: Supply by as-trocytes of CysGly as precursor for neuronal glutathione. J Neurosci 19: 562–569.
- Escher P, Wahli W (2000). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Insight into multiple cellular func-tions. Mutat Res 448: 121–138.
- Forman BM, Tontonoz P, Chen J, Brun RP, Spiegelman BM, Evans RM (1995). 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPAR gamma. Cell 83: 803–812.
- Gelman L, Fruchart JC, Auwerx J (1999). An update on the mechanisms of action of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their roles in inflammation and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 55: 932–943.
- Goodwin CJ, Holt SJ, Downes S, Marshall NJ (1995). Mi-croculture tetrazolium assays: A comparison between two new tetrazolium salts, XTT and MTS. I Immunol Methods 179: 95–103.
- Hacki J, Egger L, Monney L, Conus S, Rosse T, Fellay I, Borner C (2000). Apoptotic crosstalk between the en-doplasmic reticulum and mitochondria controlled by Bc1-2. Oncogene 19: 2286–2295.
- Handler JA, Seed CB, Bradford BU, Thurman RG (1992). In-duction of peroxisomes by treatment with perfluorooc-tanoate does not increase rates of H202 production in intact liver. Toxicol Lett 60: 61–68.
- Inoue I, Noji S, Awata T, Takahashi K, Nakajima T, Sonoda M, Komoda T, Katayama S (1998). Bezafibrate has an antioxidant effect: Peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptor alpha is associated with Cu2+, Zn2±-superoxide dismutase in the liver. Life Sci 63: 135–144.
- Johnson TE, Holloway MK, Vogel R, Rutledge SJ, Perkins JJ, Rodan GA, Schmidt A (1997). Structural requirements and cell-type specificity for ligand activation of peroxi-some proliferator-activated receptors. I Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 63: 1–8.
- Kim HT, Qiang W, Wong PK, Stoica G (2001). Enhanced proteolysis of IKBa and IKR8 proteins in astrocytes by Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV)-ts1 infec-tion: A potential mechanism of NF-kappaB activation. J NeuroVirol 7: 466–475.
- Kliewer SA, Umesono K, Mangelsdorf DJ, Evans RM (1992). Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signalling. Nature 355: 446–449.
- Lin YC, Chow CW, Yuen PH, Lynn WS, Wong PKY (1997). Establishment and characterization of conditionally im-mortalized astrocytes to study their interaction with ts1, a neuropathogenic mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Neuro Virol 3: 28–37.
- Miele M, Boutelle MG, Fillenz M (1994). The physiologi-cally induced release of ascorbate in rat brain is depen-dent on impulse traffic, calcium influx and glutamate uptake. Neurosci 62: 87–91.
- Mollace V, Nottet HS, Clayette P, Turco MC, Muscoli C, Salvemini D, Perno CF (2001). Oxidative stress and neu-roAIDS: Triggers, modulators and novel antioxidants. Trends Neurosci 24: 411–416.
- Muga SJ, Thuillier P, Pavone A, Rundhaug JE, Boeglin WE, Jisaka M, Brash AR, Fischer SM (2000). 85-lipoxygenase products activate peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptor alpha and induce differentiation in murine ker-atinocytes. Cell Growth Differ 11: 447–454.
- Pace GW, Leaf CD (1995). The role of oxidative stress in HIV disease. Free Radic Biol Med 19: 523–528.
- Pahl HL, Baeuerle PA (1997). The ER-overload response: Activation of NF-KB. Trends Biochem Sci 22: 63–67.
- Poynter ME, Daynes RA (1998). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activation modulates cellular redox status, represses nuclear factor-KB signaling, and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in aging. I Biol Chem 273: 32833–32841.
- Reddy JK, Goel SK, Nemali MR, Carrino JJ, Laffler TG, Reddy MK, Sperbeck SJ, Osumi T, Hashimoto T, Lalwani ND, Rao MS (1986). Transcription regulation of peroxi-somal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and enoyl-CoA hydratase/ 3-hydroxyacyl-00 A dehydrogenas e in rat liver by perox-isome proliferators. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 1747–1751.
- Rizzuto R, Pinton P, Carrington W, Fay FS, Fogarty KE, Lifshitz LM, Tuft RA, Pozzan T (1998). Close contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum as determinants of mi-tochondrial Ca2+ responses. Science 280: 1763–1766.
- Samid D, Shack S, Myers CE (1993). Selective growth ar-rest and phenotypic reversion of prostate cancer cells in vitro by nontoxic pharmacological concentrations of phenylacetate. I Clin Invest 91: 2288–2295.
- Samid D, Wells M, Greene ME, Shen W, Palmer CN, Thibault A (2000). Peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptor gamma as a novel target in cancer therapy: Bind-ing and activation by an aromatic fatty acid with clinical antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 6: 933–941.
- Shikova E, Lin Y-C, Saha K, Brooks BR, Wong PKY (1993). Astrocyte-specific defective gPr80' processing corre-lates with cytopathogenicity induced by ts1, a mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus. I Virol 67: 1137–1147.
- Soliman MS, Cunningham ML, Morrow JD, Roberts LJ, Badr MZ (1997). Evidence against peroxisome proliferation-induced hepatic oxidative damage. Biochem Pharmacol 53: 1369–1374.
- Stoica G, Illanes O, Tasca S, Wong PKY (1993). Temporal central and peripheral nervous system changes induced by a paralytogenic mutant of Moloney murine leukemia virus TB. Lab Invest 66: 427–436.
- Stoica G, Tasca SI, Wong PK (2000). Motor neuronal loss and neurofilament-ubiquitin alteration in MoMuLV-ts1 encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 99: 238–244.
- Takeshima T, Johnston JM, Commissiong JW (1994). Mesen-cephalic type 1 astrocytes rescue dopaminergic neurons from death induced by serum deprivation. I Neurosci 14: 4769–4779.
- Thuillier P, Anchiraico GJ, Nickel KP, Maldve RE, Gimenez - Conti I, Muga SJ, Liu KL, Fischer SM, Belury MA (2000). Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha partially inhibit mouse skin tumor pro-motion. Mol Carcinog 29: 134–142.
- Thuillier P, Baillie R, Sha X, Clarke SD (1998). Cytoso-lic and nuclear distribution of PPARgamma2 in differ- entiating 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. I Lipid Res 39: 2329–2338.
- Ullian EM, Sapperstein SK, Christopherson KS, Barres BA (2001). Control of synapse number by Glia. Science 291: 657–661.
- Wong PKY, Lynn WS, Lin YC, Choe W, Yuen PH (1998). ts1 MoMuLV: A murine model of neuroimmun-odegeneration. In Neuroimmunodegeneration, Wong PKY, Lynn WS (eds). RG Landes: Heidelberg, pp 75–93.
- Yeldandi AV, Rao MS, Reddy JK (2000). Hydrogen per-oxide generation in peroxisome proliferator-induced oncogenesis. Mutat Res 448: 159–177.