The multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus and its HERV-W endogenous family: a biological interface between virology, genetics, and immunology in human physiology and disease

References

• An DS, Xie Y, Chen IS. Envelope gene of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W encodes a functional retrovirus envelope. J Virol 2001; 75: 3488–3489
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antony JM, Ellestad KK, Hammond R, Imaizumi K, Mallet F, Warren KG, Power C. The human endogenous retrovirus envelope glycoprotein, syncytin-1, regulates neuroinflammation and its receptor expression in multiple sclerosis: a role for endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in astrocytes. J Immunol 2007a; 179: 1210–1224
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antony JM, Izad M, Bar-Or A, Warren KG, Vodjgani M, Mallet F, Power C. Quantitative analysis of human endogenous retrovirus-W env in neuroinflammatory diseases. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2006; 22: 1253–1259
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antony JM, Van Marle G, Opii W, Butterfield DA, Mallet F, Yong VW, Wallace JL, Deacon RM, Warren K, Power C. Human endogenous retrovirus glycoprotein-mediated induction of redox reactants causes oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. Nat Neurosci 2004; 7: 1088–1095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antony JM, Zhu Y, Izad M, Warren KG, Vodjgani M, Mallet F, Power C. Comparative expression of human endogenous retrovirus-W genes in multiple sclerosis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007b; 23: 1251–1256
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arru G, Mameli G, Astone V, Serra C, Huang YM, Link H, Fainardi E, Castellazzi M, Granieri E, Fernandez M, Villoslada P, Fois ML, Sanna A, Rosati G, Dolei A, Sotgiu S. Multiple sclerosis and HERV-W/MSRV. A multicentric study. Intnl J Biomed Sci 2007; 3: 292–297
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belshaw R, Katzourakis A, Paces J, Burt A, Tristem M. High copy number in human endogenous retrovirus families is associated with copying mechanisms in addition to reinfection. Mol Biol Evol 2005; 22: 814–817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belshaw R, Watson J, Katzourakis A, Howe A, Woolven-Allen J, Burt A, Tristem M. Rate of recombinational deletion among human endogenous retroviruses. J Virol 2007; 81: 9437–9442
   Google Scholar
• Bergamaschi R. Prognostic factors in multiple sclerosis. Int Rev Neurobiol 2007; 79: 423–247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaise S, de Parseval N, Bénit L, Heidmann T. Genomewide screening for fusogenic human endogenous retrovirus envelopes identifies syncytin 2, a gene conserved on primate evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 13013–13018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blond JL, Besème F, Duret L, Bouton O, Bedin F, Perron H, Mandrand B, Mallet F. Molecular characterisation and placental expression of HERV-W, a new human endogenous retrovirus family. J Virol 1999; 73: 1175–1185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen T. Association of human endogenous retroviruses with multiple sclerosis and possible interactions with herpes viruses. Rev Med Virol 2005; 15: 179–211
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerici M, Fusi ML, Caputo D, Guerini FR, Trabattoni D, Salvaggio A, Cazzullo CL, Arienti D, Villa ML, Urnovitz HB, Ferrante P. Immune responses to antigens of human endogenous retroviruses in patients with acute or stable multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 99: 173–182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costas J. Characterization of the intragenomic spread of the human endogenous retrovirus family HERV-W. Mol Biol Evol 2002; 19: 526–533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalen AB, Hellgren L, Iversen OJ, Vincent J. A virus-like particle associated with psoriasis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 1983; 9: 221–229
   Google Scholar
• de Villiers JN, Treurnicht FK, Warnich L, Carr J, van Rensburg SJ, Kotze MJ. Analysis of viral and genetic factors in South African patients with multiple sclerosis. Metab Brain Dis 2006; 21: 163–169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deb-Rinker P, Klempan TA, O'Reilly RL, Torrey EF, Singh SM. Molecular characterization of a MSRV-like sequence identified by RDA from monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Genomics 1999; 61: 133–144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deb-Rinker P, O'Reilly RL, Torrey EF, Singh SM. Molecular characterization of a 2.7-kb, 12q13-specific, retroviral-related sequence isolated by RDA from monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Genome 2002; 45: 381–390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dolei A. MSRV/HERV-W/syncytin and its linkage to multiple sclerosis: the usability and the hazard of a human endogenous retrovirus. J NeuroVirol 2005; 11: 232–235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolei A. Endogenous retroviruses and human disease. Exp Rev Clin Immunol 2006; 2: 149–167
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dolei A, Serra C, Mameli G, Pugliatti M, Sechi G, Cirotto MC, Rosati G, Sotgiu S. Multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus (MSRV) in Sardinian MS patients. Neurology 2002; 58: 471–473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Firouzi R, Rolland A, Jouvin-Marche E, Hauw JJ, Malcus-Vocanson C, Lazarini F, Gebuhrer L, Seigneurin JM, Touraine JL, Sanhadji K, Marche PN, Perron H. Multiple sclerosis associated retrovirus particles cause T-lymphocyte dependent death with brain hemorrage in humanized SCID mice model. J NeuroVirol 2003; 9: 79–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank O, Giehl M, Zheng C, Hehlmann R, Leib-Mösch C, Seifarth W. Human endogenous retrovirus expression profiles in samples from brains of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. J Virol 2005; 79: 10890–10901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garson JA, Tuke PW, Giraud P, Paranhos-Baccala G, Perron H. Detection of virion-associated MSRV-RNA in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1998; 351: 33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaudin P, Ijaz S, Tuke PW, Marcel F, Paraz A, Seigneurin JM, Mandrand B, Perron H, Garson JA. Infrequency of detection of particle-associated MSRV/HERV-W RNA in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2000; 39: 950–954
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hahn S, Ugurel S, Hanschmann KM, Strobel H, Tondera C, Schadendorf D, Löwer J, Löwer R. Serological response to human endogenous retrovirus K in melanoma patients correlates with survival probability. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24: 717–723
   Google Scholar
• Johnston JB, Silva C, Holden J, Warren KG, Clark AW, Power C. Monocyte activation and differentiation augment human endogenous retrovirus expression: implications for inflammatory brain diseases. Ann Neurol 2001; 50: 434–442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolivet-Reynaud C, Perron H, Ferrante P, Becquart L, Dalbon P, Mandrand B. Specificities of multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid and serum antibodies against mimotopes. Clin Immunol 1999; 93: 283–293
   Google Scholar
• Karlsgodt KH, Glahn DC, van Erp TG, Therman S, Huttunen M, Manninen M, Kaprio J, Cohen MS, Lönnqvist J, Cannon TD. The relationship between performance and fMRI signal during working memory in patients with schizophrenia, unaffected co-twins, and control subjects. Schizophr Res 2007; 89: 191–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson H, Bachmann S, Schroder J, McArthur J, Torrey EF, Yolken RH. Retroviral RNA identified in the cerebrospinal fluids and brains of individuals with schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98: 4634–4649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson H, Schröder J, Bachmann S, Bottmer C, Yolken RH. HERV-W-related RNA detected in plasma from individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9: 12–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim HS, Kim DS, Huh JW, Ahn K, Yi JM, Lee JR, Hirai H. Molecular characterization of the HERV-W Env gene in humans and primates: expression, fish, phylogeny, and evolution. Mol Cells 2008; 26: 53–60
   Google Scholar
• Komurian-Pradel F, Paranhos-Baccala G, Bedin F, Ounanian-Paraz A, Sodoyer M, Ott C, Rajoharison A, Garcia E, Mallet F, Mandrand B, Perron H. Molecular cloning and characterization of MSRV-related sequences associated with retrovirus-like particles. Virology 1999; 260: 1–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafon M, Jouvin-Marche E, Marche PN, Perron H. Human viral superantigens: to be or not to be transactivated?. Trends Immunol 2002; 23: 238–239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavillette D, Marin M, Ruggieri A, Mallet F, Cosset FL, Kabat D. The envelope glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus type W uses a divergent family of amino acid transporters/cell surface receptors. J Virol 2002; 76: 6442–6452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee WJ, Kwun HJ, Kim HS, Jang KL. Activation of the human endogenous retrovirus W long terminal repeat by herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early protein 1. Mol Cells 2003; 5: 75–80
   Google Scholar
• Mameli G, Astone V, Arru G, Marconi S, Lovato L, Serra C, Sotgiu S, Bonetti B, Dolei A. Brains from multiple sclerosis patients over-express human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W/MSRV, but not human herpesvirus-6. J Gen Virol 2007; 88: 264–274
   Google Scholar
• Mameli G, Astone V, Poddighe L, Delogu G, Arru G, Sotgiu S, Serra C, Dolei A 2008a. Selective real time RT-PCR and western blotting detect both MSRV and syncytin in brains, but only MSRV in blood of MS patients. Submitted.
   Google Scholar
• Mameli G, Serra C, Astone V, Castellazzi M, Poddighe L, Fainardi E, Neri W, Granieri E, Dolei A. Inhibition of multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus as biomarker of IFN therapy. J NeuroVirol 2008b; 14: 73–77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ménard A, Amouri R, Michel M, Marcel F, Brouillet A, Belliveau J, Geny C, Deforges L, Malcus-Vocanson C, Armstrong M, Lyon-Caen O, Mandrand B, Dobránsky T, Rieger F, Perron H. Gliotoxicity, reverse transcriptase activity and retroviral RNA in monocyte/macrophage culture supernatants from patients with multiple sclerosis. FEBS Lett 1997; 413: 477–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mi S, Lee X, Li X, Veldman GM, Finnerty H, Racie L, LaVallie E, Tang XY, Edouard P, Howes S, Keith JC, Jr, McCoy JM. Syncytin is a captive retroviral envelope protein involved in human placental morphogenesis. Nature 2000; 403: 785–789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirsattari SM, Johnston JB, McKenna R, Del Bigio MR, Orr P, Ross RT, Power C. Aboriginals with multiple sclerosis: HLA types and predominance of neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2001; 56: 317–323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moles JP, Tesniere A, Guilhou JJ. A new endogenous retroviral sequence is expressed in skin of patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153: 83–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nellåker C, Yao Y, Jones-Brando L, Mallet F, Yolken RH, Karlsson H. Transactivation of elements in the human endogenous retrovirus W family by viral infection. Retrovirology 2006; 3: 44–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson PN, Carnegie PR, Martin J, Davari Ejtehadi H, Hooley P, Roden D, Rowland-Jones S, Warren P, Astley J, Murray PG. Demystified. Human endogenous retroviruses. Mol Pathol 2003; 56: 11–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nowak J, Januszkiewicz D, Pernak M, Liwen I, Zawada M, Rembowska J, Nowicka K, Lewandowski K, Hertmanowska H, Wender M. Multiple sclerosis–associated virus-related pol sequences found both in multiple sclerosis and healthy donors are more frequently expressed in multiple sclerosis patients. J NeuroVirol 2003; 9: 112–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmarini M, Cousens C, Dalziel RG, Bai J, Stedman K, DeMartini JC, Sharp JM. The exogenous form of Jaagsiekte retrovirus is specifically associated with a contagious lung cancer of sheep. J Virol 1996; 70: 1618–1623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavlicek A, Paces J, Elleder D, Hejnar J. Processed pseudogenes of human endogenous retroviruses generated by LINEs: their integration, stability, and distribution. Genome Res 2002; 12: 391–399
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perron H, Firouzi R, Tuke P, Garson JA, Michel M, Beseme F, Bedin F, Mallet F, Marcel E, Seigneurin JM, Mandrand B. Cell cultures and associated retroviruses in multiple sclerosis. Collaborative Research Group on MS. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1997a; 169: 22–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perron H, Garson JA, Bedin F, Beseme F, Paranhos-Baccala G, Komurian-Pradel F, Mallet F, Tuke PW, Voisset C, Blond JL, Lalande B, Seigneurin JM, Mandrand B. Molecular identification of a novel retrovirus repeatedly isolated from patients with multiple sclerosis. The Collaborative Research Group on Multiple Sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997b; 94: 7583–7588
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perron H, Geny C, Laurent A, Mouriquand C, Pellat J, Perret J, Seigneurin JM. Leptomeningeal cell line from multiple sclerosis with reverse transcriptase activity and viral particles. Res Virol 1989; 140: 551–561
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perron H, Gratacap B, Lalande B, Genoulaz O, Laurent A, Geny C, et al. In vitro transmission and antigenicity of a retrovirus isolated from a multiple sclerosis patient. Res Virol 1992; 143: 337–350
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perron H, Gratacap, Lalande B, Laurent A, Geny C, Mallaret M, Schuller E, Stoebner P, Seigneurin JM 1991. Isolation of retrovirus from patients with multiple sclerosis. Lancet 337:862–863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perron H, Jouvin-Marche E, Michel M, Ounanian-Paraz A, Camelo S, Dumon A, Jolivet-Reynaud C, Marcel F, Souillet Y, Borel E, Gebuhrer L, Santoro L, Marcel S, Seigneurin JM, Marche PN, Lafon M. Multiple sclerosis retrovirus particles and recombinant envelope trigger an abnormal immune response in vitro, by inducing polyclonal V(16 T-lymphocyte activation. Virology 2001; 287: 321–332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perron H, Lazarini F, Ruprecht K, Péchoux-Longin C, Seilhean D, Sazdovitch V, Créange A, Battail-Poirot N, Sibaï G, Santoro L, Jolivet M, Darlix JL, Rieckmann P, Arzberger T, Hauw JJ, Lassmann H. Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-W ENV and GAG proteins: physiological expression in human brain and pathophysiological modulation in multiple sclerosis lesions. J NeuroVirol 2005; 11: 23–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perron H, Mekaoui L, Bernard C, Stefas I, Veas F, Leboyer M 2008. Endogenous Retrovirus type W GAG and ENV antigenaemia in serum of schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.028.
   Google Scholar
• Perron H, Perin JP, Rieger F, Alliel PM. Particle-associated retroviral RNA and tandem RGH/HERV-W copies on human chromosome 7q: possible components of a'chain-reaction' triggered by infectious agents in multiple sclerosis?. J NeuroVirol 2000; 6: S67–S75
   Google Scholar
• Perron H, Suh M, Lalande B, Gratacap B, Laurent A, Stoebner P, Seigneurin JM. Herpes simplex virus ICP0 and ICP4 immediate early proteins strongly enhance expression of a retrovirus harboured by a leptomeningeal cell line from a patient with multiple sclerosis. J Gen Virol 1993; 74: 65–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petzold A, Perron H, Fernando KT, Plant GT. No evidence for MSRV viraemia and glial cell death in acute optic neuritis. Mult Scler 2005; 11: 495–496
   Google Scholar
• Prat A, Antel J. Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 2005; 18: 225–230
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugliatti M, Riise T, Sotgiu MA, Satta WM, Sotgiu S, Pirastru MI, Rosati G. Evidence of early childhood as the susceptibility period in multiple sclerosis: space-time cluster analysis in a Sardinian population. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 15: 326–333
   Google Scholar
• Rolland A, Jouvin-Marche E, Saresella M, Ferrante P, Cavaretta R, Creange A, Marche P, Perron H. Correlation between disease severity and in vitro cytokine production mediated by MSRV (multiple sclerosis associated retroviral element) envelope protein in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 160: 195–203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rolland A, Jouvin-Marche E, Viret C, Faure M, Perron H, Marche PN. The envelope protein of a human endogenous retrovirus-W family activates innate immunity through CD14/TLR4 and promotes Th1-like responses. J Immunol 2006; 176: 7636–7644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruprecht K, Gronen F, Sauter M, Best B, Rieckmann P, Mueller-Lantzsch N. Lack of immune responses against multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus/human endogenous retrovirus W in patients with multiple sclerosis. J NeuroVirol 2008; 14: 143–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruprecht K, Obojes K, Wengel V, Gronen F, Kim KS, Perron H, Schneider-Schaulies J, Rieckmann P. Regulation of human endogenous retrovirus W protein expression by herpes simplex virus type 1: implications for multiple sclerosis. J NeuroVirol 2006; 12: 65–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra C, Mameli G, Arru G, Sotgiu S, Rosati G, Dolei A. In vitro modulation of the multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated retrovirus (MSRV) by cytokines: implications for MS pathogenesis. J NeuroVirol 2003; 9: 637–643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra C, Sotgiu S, Mameli G, Pugliatti M, Rosati G, Dolei A. Multiple sclerosis and multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus in Sardinia. Neurol Sci 2001; 22: 171–174
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sommerlund M, Pallesen G, Moller-Larsen A, Hansen HJ, Haahr S. Retrovirus-like particles in an Epstein-Barr virus-producing cell line derived from a patient with chronic progressive myelopathy. Acta Neurol Scand 1993; 87: 71–76
   Google Scholar
• Sotgiu S, Arru G, Mameli G, Serra C, Pugliatti M, Rosati G, Dolei A. MSRV in early multiple sclerosis: a six-year follow-up of a Sardinian cohort. Mult Scler 2006a; 12: 698–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sotgiu S, Arru G, Söderström M, Mameli G, Serra C, Dolei A. MSRV and optic neuritis. Mult Scler 2006b; 12: 357–359
   Google Scholar
• Sotgiu S, Serra C, Mameli G, Pugliatti M, Rosati G, Arru G, Dolei A. Multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated retrovirus and MS prognosis: an observational study. Neurology 2002; 59: 1071–1073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarlinton RE, Meers J, Young PR. Retroviral invasion of the koala genome. Nature 2006; 442: 79–81
   Google Scholar
• Trabattoni D, Ferrante P, Fusi ML, Saresella M, Caputo D, Urnovitz H, Cazzullo CL, Clerici M. Augmented type 1 cytokines and human endogenous retroviruses specific immune responses in patients with acute multiple sclerosis. J NeuroVirol 2000; 6S2: S38–S41
   Google Scholar
• Tuke PW, Perron H, Bedin F, Beseme F, Garson JA. Development of a pan-retrovirus detection system for multiple sclerosis studies. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl 1997; 169: 16–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Voisset C, Bouton O, Bedin F, Duret L, Mandrand B, Mallet F, Paranhos-Baccala G. Chromosomal distribution and coding capacity of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W family. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2000; 16: 731–740
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voisset C, Weiss RA, Griffiths DJ. Human RNA "rumor" viruses: the search for novel human retroviruses in chronic disease. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2008; 72: 157–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang-Johanning F, Radvanyi L, Rycaj K, Plummer JB, Yan P, Sastry KJ, Piyathilake CJ, Hunt KK, Johanning GL. Human endogenous retrovirus K triggers an antigen-specific immune response in breast cancer patients. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 5869–5877
   Google Scholar
• Weis S, Llenos IC, Dulay JR, Verma N, Sabunciyan S, Yolken RH. Changes in region- and cell type-specific expression patterns of neutral amino acid transporter 1 (ASCT-1) in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. J Neural Transm 2007a; 114: 261–271
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weis S, Llenos IC, Sabunciyan S, Dulay JR, Isler L, Yolken R, Perron H. Reduced expression of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-W GAG protein in the cingulate gyrus and hippocampus in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. J Neural Transm 2007b; 114: 645–655
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao Y, Schröder J, Nellåker C, Bottmer C, Bachmann S, Yolken RH, Karlsson H. Elevated levels of human endogenous retrovirus-W transcripts in blood cells from patients with first episode schizophrenia. Genes Brain Behav 2008; 7: 103–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yi JM, Kim HM, Kim HS. Expression of human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W family in various human tissues and cancer cells. J Gen Virol 2004; 85: 1203–1210
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yolken RH, Karlsson H, Yee F, Johnston-Wilson NL, Torrey EF. Endogenous retroviruses and schizophrenia. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2000; 31: 193–199
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zawada M, Liwien I, Pernak M, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D, Nowicka-Kujawaska K, Rembowska J, Lewandowski K, Hertmanowska H, Wender M, Nowak J. MSRV pol sequence copy number as a potential marker of multiple sclerosis. Pol J Pharmacol 2003; 55: 869–875
   PubMedGoogle Scholar