Varicella zoster virus meningitis with hypoglycorrhachia in the absence of rash in an immunocompetent woman

References

• Aurelius E, Johansson B, Skoldenberg B, Staland A, Forsgren M. Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis by nested polymerase chain reaction assay of cerebrospinal fluid. Lancet 1991; 337: 189–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echevarria JM, Martinez-Martin P, Tellez A, de Ory F, Rapun JL, Bernal A, Estevez E, Najera R. Aseptic meningitis due to Varicella-Zoster virus: serum antibody levels and local synthesis of specific IgG, IgM and IgA. J Infect Dis 1987; 155: 959–967
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• el Azazi M, Samuelsson A, Linde A, Forsgren M. Intrathecal antibody production against viruses of the herpesvirus family in acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1991; 112: 76–82
   Google Scholar
• Frantzidou F, Kamaria F, Dumaidi K, Skoura L, Antoniadis A, Papa A. Aseptic meningitis and encephalitis because of herpesviruses and enteroviruses in an immunocompetent adult population. Eur J Neurol 2008; 15: 995–997
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galindez OA, Sabates NR, Whitacre MM, Sabates FN. Rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by varicella zoster virus in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22: 149–151
   Google Scholar
• Gilden DH. Herpes zoster with postherpetic neuralgia—persisting pain and frustration. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 932–934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilden, DH, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, BK, Wellish, M, Hedley-Whyte, ET, Rentier, B, Mahalingam, R. 1996. Varicella zoster virus, a cause of waxing and waning vasculitis: the New England Journal of Medicine case 5-1995 revisited. Neurology, 47: 1441–1446.
   Google Scholar
• Gilden, D, Nagel, MA, Ransohoff, RM, Cohrs, RJ, Mahalingam, R, Tanabe, JL. 2009. Recurrent varicella zoster virus myelopathy. J Neurol Sci, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Gilden DH, Wright RR, Schneck SA, Gwaltney JM, Jr, Mahalingam R. Zoster sine herpete, a clinical variant. Ann Neurol 1994; 35: 530–533
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hausfater P, Fillet AM, Rozenberg F, Arthaud M, Trystram D, Huraux JM, Lebon P, Riou B. Prevalence of viral infection markers by polymerase chain reaction amplification and Interferon-alpha measurements among patient undergoing lumbar puncture in an emergency department. J Med Virol 2004; 73: 137–146
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson DG, Mehta PD, Lavi E. Oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands in cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with lymphocytic choriomeningitis. Ann Neurol 1986; 19: 386–388
   Google Scholar
• Jhaveri R, Sankar R, Yazdani S, Cherry JD. Varicella-zoster virus: an overlooked cause of aseptic meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003; 22: 96–97
   Google Scholar
• Koskiniemi M, Rantalaiho T, Piiparinen H, Bonsdorff CH, Färkkilä M, Järvinen A, Kinnunen E, Koskiniemi S, Mannonen L, Muttilainen M, Linnavuori K, Porras J, Puolakkainen M, Räihä K, Salonen EM, Ukkonen P, Vaheri A, Valtonen V. Infections of the central nervous system of suspected viral origin: a collaborative study from Finland. J NeuroVirol 2001; 7: 400–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kupila L, Vuorinen T, Vainionpää R, Hukkanen V, Marttila RJ, Kotilainen P. Etiology of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in an adult population. Neurology 2006; 66: 75–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leahy TR, Webb DW, Hoey H, Butler KM. Varicella zoster virus associated acute aseptic meningitis without exanthem in an immunocompetent 14-year-old boy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27: 362–363
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lennette EH, Magoffin RL, Knouf EG. Viral central nervous system disease. An etiologic study conducted at the Los Angeles County General Hospital. JAMA 1962; 179: 97–105
   Google Scholar
• Marier R, Rodriguez W, Chloupek RJ, Brandt CD, Kim HW, Baltimore RS, Parker CL, Artenstein MS. Coxsackievirus B5 infection and aseptic meningitis in neonates and children. Am J Dis Child 1975; 129: 321–325
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Martin P, Garcia-Saiz A, Rapun JL, Echevarra JM. Intrathecal synthesis of IgG antibodies to varicella-zoster virus in two cases of acute aseptic meningitis syndrome with no cutaneous lesions. J Med Virol 1985; 16: 201–209
   Google Scholar
• Mayo DR, Booss J. Varicella zoster-associated neurologic disease without skin lesions. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 313–315
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mirani M, Ogra PL, Barron AL. Epidemic of echovirus type 9 infection. Certain clinical and epidemiologic features. N Y State J Med 1973; 73: 403–406
   Google Scholar
• Moriuchi H, Moriuchi M, Sun C-C, Trucksis M. Disseminated cutaneous zoster and aseptic meningitis in a previously healthy patient. J Infect 1997; 35: 183–185
   Google Scholar
• Moses H, Nagel MA, Gilden DH. Acute cerebellar ataxia in a 41 year old woman. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 984–988
   Google Scholar
• Nagel MA, Cohrs RJ, Mahalingam R, Wellish MC, Forghani B, Schiller A, Safdieh JE, Kamenkovich E, Ostrow LW, Levy M, Greenberg B, Russman AN, Katzan I, Gardner CJ, Häusler M, Nau R, Saraya T, Wada H, Goto H, de Martino M, Ueno M, Brown WD, Terborg C, Gilden DH. The varicella zoster virus vasculopathies. Clinical, CSF imaging, and virologic features. Neurology 2008; 70: 853–860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris FH, Leonards R, Calanchini PR, Calder CD. Herpes-zoster meningoencephalitis. J Infect Dis 1970; 122: 335–338
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peters AC, Versteeg J, Bots GT, Lindeman J, Smeets RE. Nervous system complications of herpes zoster: immunofluorescent demonstration of varicella-zoster antigen in CSF cells. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1979; 42: 452–457
   Google Scholar
• Ratzka P, Schiachetzki JC, Bähr M, Nau R. Varicella zoster virus cerebellitis in a 66-year-old patient without herpes zoster. Lancet 2006; 367: 182
   Google Scholar
• Reimer LG, Beller LB. CSF in herpes zoster meningoencephalitis. Arch Neurol 1981; 38: 668
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shoji H, Koya M, Ogiwara H. Meningitis associated with herpes zoster. Immunofluorescent demonstration of varicella-zoster antigens in CSF cells. J Neurol 1976; 213: 269–271
   Google Scholar
• Wilfert CM. Mumps meningoencephalitis with low cerebrospinal-fluid glucose, prolonged pleocytosis and elevation of protein. N Engl J Med 1969; 280: 855–858
   Google Scholar
• Wolf SM. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid glucose level in herpes zoster meningitis. Report of a case. Arch Neurol 1974; 30: 109
   Google Scholar
• Wroblewska Z, Devlin M, Reilly K, van Trieste H, Wellish M, Gilden DH. The production of varicella zoster virus antiserum in laboratory animals. Arch Virol 1982; 74: 233–238
   Google Scholar