Hindsight bias in assessing child sexual abuse

References

• Arkes, H. R., Faust, D., Guilmette, T. J., & Hart, K. (1988). Eliminating the hindsight bias. Journal of Applied Psychology, 73(2), 305–307. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.2.305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkes, H. R., & Schipani, C. A. (1994). Medical malpractice v. the business judgement rule: Differences in hindsight bias. Oregon Law Review, 73, 587–605.
   Google Scholar
• Beltrani, A., Reed, A. L., Zapf, P. A., & Otto, R. K. (2018). Is hindsight really 20/20?: The impact of outcome information on the decision-making process. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 17(3), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2018.1505790
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett, N., & O’Donohue, W. (2014). The construct of grooming in child sexual abuse: Conceptual and measurement issues. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(8), 957–976. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2014.960632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birnbaum, M. H. (1999). How to show that 9 > 221: Collect judgments in a between-subjects design. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, B. H., Golding, J. M., Neuschatz, J., Kimbrough, C., Reed, K., Magyarics, C., & Luecht, K. (2017). Mock juror sampling issues in jury simulation research: A meta-analysis. Law and Human Behavior, 41(1), 13–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craven, S., Brown, S., & Gilchrist, E. (2006). Sexual grooming of children: Review of literature and theoretical considerations. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 12(3), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600601069414
   Google Scholar
• Dickerson, K. L., Lindner, S., Scurich, N., & Quas, J. A. (2017). When is neglect, neglect?: It depends on who you ask. Child Maltreatment, 22(3), 256–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559517709558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2016). The replication crisis in psychology. In R. Biswas-Diener, & E. Diener (Eds.), Noba Textbook Series: Psychology (pp. 6–18). DEF Publishers. https://www.nobaproject.com
   Google Scholar
• Evelo, A. J., & Greene, E. (2013). Judgments about felony-murder in hindsight. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27(3), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischhoff, B. (1975). Hindsight≠ foresight: the effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(3), 288–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.1.3.288
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gjelten, T. (2018). The clergy abuse crisis has cost The Catholic Church $3 Billion. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2018/08/18/639698062/the-clergy-abuse-crisis-has-cost-the-catholic-church-3-billion.
   Google Scholar
• Guilbault, R. L., Bryant, F. B., Brockway, J. H., & Posavac, E. J. (2004). A meta-analysis of research on hindsight bias. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 26(2-3), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2004.9646399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harley, E. M. (2007). Hindsight bias in legal decision making. Social Cognition, 25(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2007.25.1.48
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastie, R., Schkade, D. A., & Payne, J. W. (1999). Juror judgments in civil cases: Hindsight effects on judgments of liability for punitive damages. Law and Human Behavior, 23(5), 597–614. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022352330466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, I., & Bordens, K. (1990). An experimental investigation of procedural issues in complex tort trials. Law and Human Behavior, 14(3), 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01352753
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamin, K. A., & Rachlinski, J. J. (1995). Ex Post =/= Ex Ante: Determining liability in hindsight. Law and Human Behavior, 19(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeter, S. (2015). From telephone to the web: The challenge of mode of interview effects in public opinion polls. Pew Research Center. http://www.pewresearch.org/2015/05/13/from-telephone-to-the-web-the-challenge-of-mode-of-interview-effects-in-public-opinion-polls/.
   Google Scholar
• Keller, S. R., & Wiener, R. L. (2011). What are we studying? Student jurors, community jurors, and construct validity. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 29(3), 376–394. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaBine, S. J., & LaBine, G. (1996). Determinations of negligence and the hindsight bias. Law and Human Behavior, 20(5), 501–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01499038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanning, K. V., & Dietz, P. (2014). Acquaintance molestation and youth-serving organizations. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(15), 2815–2838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514532360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay, D. S. (2015). Replication in psychological science. Psychological Science, 26(12), 1827–1832. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615616374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAlinden, A. M. (2006). ‘Setting’ Em Up’: Personal, familial and institutional grooming in the sexual abuse of children. Social & Legal Studies, 15(3), 339–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0964663906066613
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, J. G., Krauss, D. A., & Lieberman, J. D. (2010). Reality check: A comparison of college students and a community sample of mock jurors in a simulated sexual violent predator civil commitment. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(6), 730–750. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oeberst, A., & Goeckenjan, I. (2016). When being wise after the event results in injustice: Evidence for hindsight bias in judges’ negligence assessments. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 22(3), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppenheimer, D. M., Meyvis, T., & Davidenko, N. (2009). Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satisficing to increase statistical power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 867–872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palan, S., & Schitter, C. (2018). Prolific.-A subject pool for online experiments. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 17, 22–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2017.12.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohl, R. F., & Erdfelder, E. (2016). The phenomenon of hindsight bias. In R. F. Pohl (Ed.), Cognitive Illusions: Intriguing Phenomena in Judgement, Thinking and Memory (pp. 424–445). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Qualtrics. (2018). White paper. Qualtrics Research Group. http://documents.kenyon.edu/instresearch/Qualtrics/White_Paper_Qualtrics_Security_1_18_13.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Rachlinski, J. J. (1998). A positive psychological theory of judging in hindsight. The University of Chicago Law Review, 65(2), 571–625. https://doi.org/10.2307/1600229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raine, S., & Kent, S. A. (2019). The grooming of children for sexual abuse in religious settings: Unique characteristics and select case studies. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 48, 180–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.08.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roese, N. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Hindsight bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 411–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612454303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanna, L. J., Schwarz, N., & Small, E. M. (2002). Accessibility experiences and the hindsight bias: I knew it all along versus it could never have happened. Memory & Cognition, 30(8), 1288–1296. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03213410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, S., & Epstein, K. (2019). Lawsuits. Possible bankruptcy. Declining numbers. Is there a future for the Boy Scouts? Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/lawsuits-possible-bankruptcy-declining-members-is-there-a-future-for-the-boy-scouts/2019/09/11/54699d6a-ce53-11e9-8c1c-7c8ee785b855_story.html.
   Google Scholar
• Spraitz, J. D., & Bowen, K. N. (2019). Examination of a nascent taxonomy of priest sexual grooming. Sexual Abuse, 31(6), 707–728. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063218809095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, G. M., & Jeglic, E. L. (2016). I knew it all along: The sexual grooming behaviors of child molesters and the hindsight bias. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 25(1), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1108945
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, G. M., & Jeglic, E. L. (2017). Stages of sexual grooming: Recognizing potentially predatory behaviors of child molesters. Deviant Behavior, 38(6), 724–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2016.1197656
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar