Savant Memory for Digits in a Case of Synaesthesia and Asperger Syndrome is Related to Hyperactivity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

References

• APA . 1994 . DSM-IV diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Publishing Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. 2006 . The hyper-systemizing, assortative mating theory of autism . Progress in Neuropsychopharmacological and Biological Psychiatry , 30 ( 5 ) : 865 – 872 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. and Belmonte , M. K. 2005 . Autism: A window onto the development of the social and the analytic brain . Annual Reviews of Neuroscience , 28 : 109 – 126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. and Harrison , J. E. 1996 . Synaesthesia: Classic and contemporary readings , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Wyke , M. A. and Binnie , C. 1987 . Hearing words and seeing colours: An experimental investigation of a case of synaesthesia . Perception , 16 ( 6 ) : 761 – 767 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Harrison , J. , Goldstein , L. H. and Wyke , M. 1993 . Coloured speech perception: Is synaesthesia what happens when modularity breaks down? . Perception , 22 ( 4 ) : 419 – 426 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Burt , L. , Smith-Laittan , F. , Harrison , J. and Bolton , P. 1996 . Synaesthesia: Prevalence and familiality . Perception , 25 ( 9 ) : 1073 – 1079 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Wheelwright , S. , Stone , V. and Rutherford , M. 1999 . A mathematician, a physicist and a computer scientist with Asperger syndrome: Performance on folk psychology and folk physics tests . Neurocase , 5 ( 6 ) : 475 – 483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Wheelwright , S. , Spong , A. , Scahill , V. and Lawson , J. 2001 . Are intuitive physics and intuitive psychology independent? A test with children with Asperger Syndrome . Journal of Developmental and Learning Disorders , 5 : 47 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen , S. , Bor , D. , Billington , J. , Asher , J. , Wheelwright , S. and Ashwin , C. 2007 . Savant memory in a man with synaesthesia and Asperger Syndrome . Journal of Consciousness Studies , 14 ( 9–10 ) : 237 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamini , Y. and Hochberg , Y. 1995 . Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B , 57 ( 1 ) : 289 – 300 .
   Google Scholar
• Bor , D. and Owen , A. M. 2007 . A common prefrontal-parietal network for mnemonic and mathematical recoding strategies within working memory . Cerebral Cortex , 17 : 778 – 786 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bor , D. , Duncan , J. and Owen , A. M. 2001 . The role of spatial configuration in tests of working memory explored with functional neuroimaging . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 42 ( 3 ) : 217 – 224 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bor , D. , Duncan , J. , Wiseman , R. J. and Owen , A. M. 2003 . Encoding strategies dissociate prefrontal activity from working memory demand . Neuron , 3 ( 27 ) : 361 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bor , D. , Cumming , N. , Scott , C. E. and Owen , A. M. 2004 . Prefrontal cortical involvement in verbal encoding strategies . European Journal of Neuroscience , 19 ( 12 ) : 3365 – 3370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan , W. L. and Harter , N. 1899 . Studies on the telegraphic language: The acquisition of a hierarchy of habits . Psychological Review , 6 : 345 – 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Cabeza , R. and Nyberg , L. 2000 . Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies . Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 12 ( 1 ) : 1 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase , W. G. and Simon , H. A. 1973 . Perception in Chess . Cognitive Psychology , 4 : 55 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. and Owen , A. M. 2000 . Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands . Trends in Neuroscience , 23 ( 10 ) : 475 – 483 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericcson , K. A. , Chase , W. G. and Falloon , S. 1980 . Acquisition of a memory skill . Science , 208 : 1181 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frith , U. 1989 . Autism: Explaining the enigma , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Genovese , C. R. , Lazar , N. A. and Nichols , T. 2002 . Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate . Neuroimage , 15 ( 4 ) : 870 – 878 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gobet , F. , Lane , P. C. R. , Croker , S. , Cheng , P. C. H. , Jones , G. , Oliver , L. and Pine , J. M. 2001 . Chunking mechanisms in human learning . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 5 ( 6 ) : 236 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossenbacher , P. G. and Lovelace , C. T. 2001 . Mechanisms of synesthesia: Cognitive and physiological constraints . Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 5 ( 1 ) : 36 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happe , F. G. 1996 . Studying weak central coherence at low levels: Children with autism do not succumb to visual illusions. A research note . Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry , 37 ( 7 ) : 873 – 877 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermelin , B. 2002 . Bright splinters of the mind: A personal story of research with autistic savants , London : Jessica Kingsley .
   Google Scholar
• Hubbard , E. M. , Arman , A. C. , Ramachandran , V. S. and Boynton , G. M. 2005 . Individual differences among grapheme-color synesthetes: Brain-behavior correlations . Neuron , 45 ( 6 ) : 975 – 985 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawson , J. , Baron-Cohen , S. and Wheelwright , S. 2004 . Empathising and systemising in adults with and without Asperger Syndrome . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , 34 ( 3 ) : 301 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luria , A. R. 1966 . The mind of a mnemonist , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maguire , E. A. , Valentine , E. R. , Wilding , J. M. and Kapur , N. 2003 . Routes to remembering: The brains behind superior memory . Nature Neuroscience , 6 ( 1 ) : 90 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maurer , D. 1997 . “ Neonatal synaesthesia: Implications for the processing of speech and faces ” . In Synaesthesia: Classic and contemporaryn readings , Edited by: Baron-Cohen , S. and Harrison , J. 224 – 242 . Cambridge, MA : Blackwell Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Mottron , L. , Burack , J. A. , Iarocci , G. , Belleville , S. and Enns , J. T. 2003 . Locally oriented perception with intact global processing among adolescents with high-functioning autism: Evidence from multiple paradigms . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 44 ( 6 ) : 904 – 913 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navon , D. 1977 . Forest before trees: The precedence of global features in visual perception . Cognitive Psychology , 9 : 353 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunn , J. A. , Gregory , L. J. , Brammer , M. , Williams , S. C. , Parslow , D. M. , Morgan , M. J. , Morris , R. G. , Bullmore , E. T. , Baron-Cohen , S. and Gray , J. A. 2002 . Functional magnetic resonance imaging of synesthesia: Activation of V4/V8 by spoken words . Nature Neuroscience , 5 ( 4 ) : 371 – 375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Riordan , M. A. , Plaisted , K. C. , Driver , J. and Baron-Cohen , S. 2001 . Superior visual search in autism . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 27 ( 3 ) : 719 – 730 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulesu , E. , Harrison , J. , Baron-Cohen , S. , Watson , J. D. , Goldstein , L. , Heather , J. , Frackowiak , R. S. and Frith , C. D. 1995 . The physiology of coloured hearing. A PET activation study of colour-word synaesthesia . Brain , 118 ( Pt3 ) : 661 – 676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaisted , K. , Swettenham , J. and Rees , L. 1999 . Children with autism show local precedence in a divided attention task and global precedence in a selective attention task . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 40 ( 5 ) : 733 – 742 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ring , H. A. , Baron-Cohen , S. , Wheelwright , S. , Williams , S. C. , Brammer , M. , Andrew , C. and Bullmore , E. T. 1999 . Cerebral correlates of preserved cognitive skills in autism: A functional MRI study of embedded figures task performance . Brain , 122 ( Pt7 ) : 1305 – 1315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simner , J. and Ward , J. 2006 . Synaesthesia: The taste of words on the tip of the tongue . Nature , 444 ( 7118 ) : 438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simner , J. , Mulvenna , C. , Sagiv , N. , Tsakanikos , E. , Witherby , S. A. , Fraser , C. , Scott , K. and Ward , J. 2006 . Synaesthesia: The prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences . Perception , 35 ( 8 ) : 1024 – 1033 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smilek , D. , Dixon , M. J. , Cudahy , C. and Merikle , P. M. 2002 . Synesthetic color experiences influence memory . Psychology Science , 13 ( 6 ) : 548 – 552 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talairach , J. and Tournoux , P. 1988 . Co-planar stereotactic atlas of the human brain: 3-Dimensional proportional system: an approach to cerebral imaging , Stuttgart : Thieme .
   Google Scholar
• Tammet , D. 2006 . Born on a blue day: A memoir of Aspergers and an extraordinary mind , London : Hodder & Stoughton Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Wager , T. D. and Smith , E. E. 2003 . Neuroimaging studies of working memory: A meta-analysis . Cognitive Affect Behavourial Neuroscience , 3 ( 4 ) : 255 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar