Agraphia in patients with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 with P301L MAPT mutation: dysexecutive, aphasic, apraxic or spatial phenomenon?

REFERENCES

• Alberici, A., Gobbo, C., Panzacchi, A., Nicosia, F., Ghidoni, R., Benussi, L., … Binetti, G. (2004). Frontotemporal dementia: Impact of P301L tau mutation on a healthy carrier. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 75, 1607–1610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardila, A., & Surloff, C. (2006). Dysexecutive agraphia: A major executive dysfunction sign. The International Journal of Neuroscience, 116, 653–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arvanitakis, Z., Witte, R. J., Dickson, D. W., Tsuboi, Y., Uitti, R. J., Slowinski, J., … Wszolek, Z. K. (2007). Clinical-pathologic study of biomarkers in FTDP-17 (PPND family with N279K tau mutation). Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 13, 230–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, M., Mackenzie, I. R., Pickering-Brown, S. M., Gass J., Rademakers, R., Lindholm, C., … Hutton, M. (2006) Mutations in progranulin cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia linked to chromosome 17. Nature, 442, 916–919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird, T. D., Nochlin, D., Poorkaj, P., Cherrier, M., Kaye, J., Payami, H., … Schellenberg, G. D. (1999). A clinical pathological comparison of three families with frontotemporal dementia and identical mutations in the tau gene (P301L). Brain, 122, 741–756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeve, B. F., & Hutton, M. (2008). Refining frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17: Introducing FTDP-17 (MAPT) and FTDP-17 (PGRN). Archives of Neurology, 65, 460–464.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boeve, B. F., Tremont-Lukats, I. W., Waclawik, A. J., Murrell, J. R., Hermann, B., Jack, C. R., … Ghetti, B. (2005). Longitudinal characterization of two siblings with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 associated with the S305N tau mutation. Brain, 128, 752–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt, J. (1991). The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test: Development of a new memory test with six equivalent forms. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5, 125–142.
   Google Scholar
• Brzeziński, J., Gaul, M., Hornowska, E., Jaworowska, A., Machowski, A., & Zakrzewska, M. (2004). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. Renormalization. WAIS-R(PL) – Manual. Warsaw: Laboratory of Psychological Tests.
   Google Scholar
• Choynowski, M., & Kostro, B. (1980). Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Warsaw: PWN Press.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, L. N., Poorkaj, P., Wszolek, Z. K., Geschwind, D. H., Nasreddine, Z. S., Miller, B., … Wilhelmsen, K. C. (1998) Pathogenic implications of mutations in the tau gene in pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration and related neurodegenerative disorders linked to chromosome 17. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 13103–13107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crucian, G. P., & Okun, M. S. (2003). Visual-spatial ability in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Bioscience: A Journal and Virtual Library, 8, 992–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culbertson, C. W., & Zillmer, E. A. (2005). Tower of London Drexel University (TOL DX). New York, NY: Multi-Health Systems (MHS).
   Google Scholar
• De Renzi, E., & Vignolo, L. A. (1962). The token test: A sensitive test to detect receptive disturbances in aphasics. Brain, 85, 665–678.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois, B., Slachevsky, A., Litvan, I., & Pillon, B. (2000). The FAB: A Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside. Neurology, 55, 1621–1626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enderby, P., & Crow, E. (1996). Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test: Validity and comparability. Disability and Rehabilitation, 18, 238–240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferman, T. J., McRae, C. A., Arvanitakis, Z, Tsuboi, Y, Vo, A., & Wszolek, Z. K. (2003). Early and pre-symptomatic neuropsychological dysfunction in the PPND family with the N279K tau mutation. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 9, 265–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, N. L., Wilhelmsen, K., Sima, A. A., Jones, M. Z., D’Amato, C. J., & Gilman, S. (1997). Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17: A consensus conference. Annals of Neurology, 41, 706–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukui, T., & Lee, E. (2008). Progressive agraphia can be a harbinger of degenerative dementia. Brain and Language, 104, 201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrard, P., & Hodges, J. R. (2000). Semantic dementia: Clinical, radiological and pathological perspectives. Journal of Neurology, 247, 409–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geschwind, D. H., Robidoux, J., Alarcón, M., Miller, B. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Cummings, J. L., & Nasreddine, Z. S. (2001). Dementia and neurodevelopmental predisposition: Cognitive dysfunction in presymptomatic subjects precedes dementia by decades in frontotemporal dementia. Annals of Neurology, 50, 741–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glosser, G., Kohn, S. E., Sands, L., Grugan, P. K., & Friedman, R. B. (1999). Impaired spelling in Alzheimer’s disease: A linguistic deficit? Neuropsychologia, 37, 807–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodglass, H., & Kaplan, E. (1983). The Boston Naming Test. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.
   Google Scholar
• Heilman, K. M., Coenen, A., & Kluger, B. (2008). Progressive asymmetric apraxic agraphia. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 21, 14–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges, J. R. (2007). Overview of frontotemporal dementia. In J. R. Hodges (Ed.), Frontotemporal dementia syndromes (pp. 1–24). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hutton, M. (2001). Missense and splice site mutations in tau associated with FTDP-17: Multiple pathogenic mechanisms. Neurology, 56, S21–S25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichikawa, H., Koyama, S., Ohno, H., Ishihara, K., Nagumo, K., & Kawamura, M. (2008). Writing errors and anosognosia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. Behavioural neurology, 19, 107–116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworowska, A. (2002). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) – Manual. Warsaw: Laboratory of Psychological Tests.
   Google Scholar
• Kądzielawa, D., Mroziak, J., Bolewska, A., & Osiejuk, E. (1990). Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery. Manual. Warsaw: Psychological Test Laboratory of the Polish Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, E., & Goodglass, H. (1983). Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE). Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.
   Google Scholar
• Kertesz, A. (2008). Frontotemporal dementia: A topical review. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 21, 127–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, E., Lee, B. H., Park, K. C., Lee, W. Y., & Na, D. L. (2005). Micrographia on free writing versus copying tasks in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 11, 57–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kodama, K., Okada, S., Iseki, E., Kowalska, A., Tabira, T., Hosoi, N., … Sato, T. (2000). Familial frontotemporal dementia with a P301L tau mutation in Japan. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 176, 57–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., & Loring, D. W. (2004). Neuropsychological Assessment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liss, J. M., Krein-Jones, K., Wszolek, Z. K., & Caviness, J. N. (2006). Speech characteristics of patients with pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration and their application to presymptomatic detection in at-risk relatives. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 15, 226–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lossos, A., Reches, A., Gal, A., Newman, J. P., Soffer, D., Gomori, J. M., … Rosenmann, H. (2003). Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism with the P301S tau gene mutation in a Jewish family. Journal of Neurology, 250, 733–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luzzatti, C., Laiacona, M., & Agazzi, D. (2003). Multiple patterns of writing disorders in dementia of the Alzheimer type and their evolution. Neuropsychologia, 41, 759–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattis, S. (1988). DRS Dementia Rating Scale – Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• McNeil, M. R., & Duffy, J. R. (2001). Primary progressive aphasia. In R. Chapey (Ed.), Language intervention strategies in aphasia and related neurogenic communication disorder (pp. 472–486). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Menichelli, A., Rapp, B., & Semenza, C. (2008). Allographic agraphia: A case study. Cortex, 44, 861–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Arnold, R., & Hodges, J. R. (2006). The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): A brief cognitive test battery for dementia screening. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 1078–1085.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohs, R. C. (1994). The administration and scoring manual for the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale. (Rev. ed.). New York, NY: The Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
   Google Scholar
• Narożańska, E., Jasińska-Myga, B., Sitek, E. J., Robowski, P., Brockhuis, B., Lass, P., … Slawek, J. (2011). Frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 – the first Polish family. European Journal of Neurology, 18, 535–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neils-Strunjas, J., Shuren, J., Roeltgen, D., & Brown, C. (1998). Perseverative writing errors in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease. Brain and Language, 63, 303–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Östberg, P., Bogdanovic, N., Fernaeus, S. E., & Wahlund, L. O. (2001). Jargonagraphia in a case of frontotemporal dementia. Brain and Language, 79, 333–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponsen, M. M., Daffertshofer, A., Wolters, E. Ch., Beek, P. J., & Berendse, H. W. (2008) Impairment of complex upper limb motor function in de novo Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 14, 199–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapcsak, S. Z., & Beeson P. M. (2002). Neuroanatomical correlates of spelling and writing. In A. E. Hillis (Ed.), The handbook of adult language disorders (pp. 71–99). Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rey, A. (1964). L’examen clinique en psychologie. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
   Google Scholar
• Roeltgen, D. P. (2003). Agraphia. In K. M. Heilman & E. E. Valenstein (Eds.), Clinical Neuropsychology (pp. 126–145). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Saint-Cyr, J. A., Taylor, A. E., & Lang, A. E. (1988). Procedural learning and neostriatal dysfunction in man. Brain, 111, 941–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenkenberg, T., Bradford, D. C., & Ajax, E. T. (1980). Line bisection and unilateral visual neglect in patients with neurologic impairment. Neurology, 30, 509–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitek, E. J., Barczak, A., Narożańska, E., Chodakowska-Żebrowska, M., Jasińska-Myga, B., Brockhuis, B., … Sławek, J. (2012). The role of neuropsychological assessment in the detection of early symptoms in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). Acta Neuropsychologica, 9, 209–226.
   Google Scholar
• Sitek, E. J., Narożańska, E., Sławek, J., Wieczorek, D., Brockhuis, B., Lass, P., … Wszolek, Z. K. (2009). Unilateral neglect in a patient diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 21, 209–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sitek, E. J., Narożańska, E., Sławek, J., Wójcik, J., Wieczorek, D., Robowski, P., … Wszolek, Z. K. (2010). Psychometric evaluation of personality in a patient with FTDP-17. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64, 211–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soliveri, P., Rossi, G., Monza, D., Tagliavini, F., Piacentini, S., Albanese, A., … Girotti, F. (2003). A case of dementia parkinsonism resembling progressive supranuclear palsy due to mutation in the tau protein gene. Archives of Neurology, 60, 1454–1456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–662.
   Google Scholar
• Weintraub, S., & Mesulam, M. M. (1985). Mental state assessment of young and elderly adults in behavioral neurology. In M. M. Mesulam (Ed.), Principles of behavioral neurology (pp. 71–123). Philadelphia, PA: Davis Company.
   Google Scholar
• Wieczorek, D., & Jodzio, K. (2002). Propozycja kompleksowej diagnozy objawów pomijania stronnego u osób z uszkodzeniem mózgu. Studia Psychologiczne, 40, 151–168.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, B., Cockburn, J., & Halligan P. (1987). Development of a behavioral test of visuospatial neglect. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 68, 98–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar