Artificial Intelligence in Teaching and Learning: An Introduction

References

• Abraham , E. 1983 . The optical computer . Scientific American , 248 (2) : 63 – 71 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvey Committee . 1982 . A Programme for Advanced Information Technology , London : HMSO .
   Google Scholar
• Arnold , A. 1982 . An end to programming . Educational Computing , 3 (7) : 35
   Google Scholar
• Attala , E. 1979 . Mass storage media for microprocessor‐based CAI systems . Educational Computing , 19 (10) : 53 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Ball , D. 1983 . Graphic learning . Times Educational Supplement , 4 March : 3479 42
   Google Scholar
• Barr , A. , Beard , M. and Atkinson , R. 1975 . “ Information networks for CAI curriculums ” . In Computers in Education , Edited by: Lecarme , O. and Lewis , R. 477 – 82 . Amsterdam : IFIP, North‐Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Barr , A. and Feigenbaum , E.A. 1981 . The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence , Vol. 1 , Los Altos : William Kaufmann Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , B. 1982 . Expert replacement? . Practical Computing , 5 (12) : 53
   Google Scholar
• Boden , M. 1977 . Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man , Open Books .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J.S. and Burton , R.R. SOPHIE ‐a pragmatic use of artificial intelligence in CAI . Proceedings of 1974 Annual Conference of ACM.
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J.S. , Burton , R.R. and Bell , A.G. 1975 . SOPHIE: a step towards creating a reactive learning environment . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 7 (5) : 675 – 96 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J.S. , Burton , R.R. and de Kleer , J. 1982 . “ Pedagogical, natural language and knowledge engineering techniques in SOPHIE I, II & III ” . In Intelligent Tutoring Systems , Edited by: Sleeman , D. and Brown , J.S. 227 – 82 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carbonell , J.R. 1970 . AI in CAI: an artificial intelligence approach to computer‐assisted instruction . IEEE Transactions on Man‐Machine Systems , MMS‐II (4) : 190 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Dwyer , T.A. 1974 . Heuristic strategies for using computers to enrich education . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 6 (2) : 137 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , C. 1977 . Dreams of computers . Computer Education , 25 : 2 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , C. 1982 . The Mighty Micro. , 2nd imprint , London : Hodder & Stoughton .
   Google Scholar
• Fikes , R.B. and Hendrix , G. A network‐based knowledge representation and its natural deduction system . Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence . pp. 235 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Gable , A. and Page , C.V. 1980 . The use of artificial intelligence techniques in computer‐assisted instruction: an overview . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 12 (1) : 259 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , I.P. 1975 . Summary of MYCROFT: a system for understanding simple picture programs . Artificial Intelligence , 6 (3) : 249 – 88 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwyn , R. 1983 . LOGO rhythms . Times Educational Supplement , 4 March : 479 39 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , L.P. 1977 . User orientated database query with the ROBOT natural language query system . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 9 (6) : 697 – 713 .
   Google Scholar
• Hartley , J.R. and Sleeman , D.H. 1973 . Towards more intelligent teaching systems . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 5 (2) : 215 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Howe , J.A.M. 1975 . “ Artificial intelligence in education ” . In Computer‐Assisted Learning in the United Kingdom: Some Case Studies , Edited by: Hooper , R. and Toye , I. London : CET‐NDPCAL .
   Google Scholar
• Howe , J.A.M. 1978 . Artificial intelligence and computer‐assisted learning: ten years on . PLET , 15 (2) : 114 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kay , A.C. 1977 . Microelectronics and the personal computer . Scientific American , 237 (3) : 230 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimball , R. 1982 . “ A self‐improving tutor for symbolic integration ” . In Intelligent Tutoring Systems , Edited by: Sleeman , D. and Brown , J.S. 283 – 308 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Koffman , E.B. and Blount , S.E. 1975 . Artificial intelligence and automatic programming in CAI . Artificial Intelligence , 6 : 215 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koffman , E.B. and Perry , J.M. 1976 . A model for generative CAI and concept selection . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 8 (4) : 397 – 410 .
   Google Scholar
• Kolata , G. 1982 . How can computers get common sense? . Science , 21794566 : 1327 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Levine , R.D. 1982 . Supercomputers . Scientific American , 246 (1) : 112 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , L. 1983 . Bigtrak ‐ friend or foe? . Educational Computing , 4 (1) : 8
   Google Scholar
• Minsky , M. 1975 . “ A framework for representing knowledge ” . In The Psychology of Computer Vision , Edited by: Winston , P.R. New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Mullan , T. 1982 . Welcome to LOGO . Educational Computing , 3 (7) : 36 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Mullan , T. 1983 . Green fingers in a LOGO garden . Educational Computing , 4 (2) : 23
   Google Scholar
• Newell , A. and Simon , H.A. 1972 . Human Problem Solving , Englewood Cliffs , New Jersey : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• O'Shea , T. 1978 . Artificial intelligence and computer based education . Computer Education , 30 : 25 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• O'Shea , T. 1982 . “ A self‐improving quadratic tutor ” . In Intelligent Tutoring Systems , Edited by: Sleeman , D. and Brown , J.S. 309 – 36 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Papert , S. 1972 . Teaching children thinking . PLET , 9 (5) : 245 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Papert , S. and Solomon , C. 1972 . Twenty things to do with a computer . Educational Technology , 12 (4) : 9 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sage , M. and Smith , D.J. 1983 . Microcomputers in Education: A Framework for Research , London : SSRC .
   Google Scholar
• Self , J.A. 1974 . Student models in CAI . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 6 (2) : 261 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• di Sessa , A.A. 1975 . “ ORBIT: a mini‐environment for exploring orbital mechanisms ” . In Computers in Education , Edited by: Lecarme , O. and Lewis , R. 359 – 65 . Amsterdam : North‐Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Sleeman , D.H. 1975 . A problem‐solving monitor for a deductive‐reasoning task . International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies , 7 (2) : 182 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Tumbull , J J. 1974 . The Computer in the Learning Environment , London : NCC Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Waltz , D.L. 1982 . Artificial intelligence . Scientific American , 247 (4) : 101 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wexler , J.D. 1970 . Information networks in generative computer‐assisted instruction . IEEE Transactions on Man‐Machine Systems , 11 (4)
   Google Scholar
• Wharry , D. and Thome , M. 1982 . Teaching with robots . Educational Computing , 3 (8) : 34 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Winograd , T. 1971 . Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding a Natural Language , Artificial Intelligence Lab, MIT . AI Technical Report 235
   Google Scholar
• Winograd , T. 1972 . Understanding Natural Language , Edinburgh : University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Young , F.H. Production systems as models of cognitive development . Proceedings of Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour . Sussex .
   Google Scholar