Stereotypes of experienced health professionals in an interprofessional context: results from a cross-sectional survey in Germany

References

• Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley
   Google Scholar
• Altin, S. V., Tebest, R., Kautz-Freimuth, S., Redaelli, M., & Stock, S. (2014). Barriers in the implementation of interprofessional continuing education programs – A qualitative study from Germany. BMC Medical Education, 14(1), 227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-227
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balogh, E. P., Miller, B. T., & Ball, J. R., eds. (2015). Improving Diagnosis in Health Care. Institute of Medicine; Board on Health Care Services; Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Academies Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17226/21794
   Google Scholar
• Barnes, D., Carpenter, J., & Dickinson, C. (2000). Interprofessional education for community mental health: Attitudes to community care and professional stereotypes. Social Work in Education, 19(6), 565–583. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02615470020002308
   Google Scholar
• Barr, H. (2015). Interprofessional education – the genesis of a global movement. Fareham, England: Centre for the Advancement of Interprofessional Education (CAIPE). https://www.caipe.org/resources/publications/barr-h-2015-interprofessional-education-genesis-global-movement. Accessed May 13, 2020
   Google Scholar
• Barr, H., Hammick, M., Koppel, I., & Reeves, S. (1999). Evaluating interprofessional education: Two systematic reviews for health and social care. British Educational Research Journal, 25(4), 533–544. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192990250408
   Google Scholar
• Brown, R., Condor, S., Mathews, A., Wade, G., & Williams, J. (1986). Explaining intergroup differentiation in an industrial organization. J Occup Psychol, 59(4), 273–286. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1986.tb00230.x
   Google Scholar
• Busse, R., & Blümel, M. (2014). Germany: health system review. World Health Organization, Reagional Office for Europe, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/130246
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, J. (1995). Doctors and nurses: Stereotypes and stereotype change in interprofessional education. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 9(2), 151–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/13561829509047849
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter, J., & Hewstone, M. (1996). Shared learning for doctors and social workers: Evaluation of a programme. British Journal of Social Work, 26(2), 239–257. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAIPE - Centre for the Advancement of Interprofessional Education 2002. Interprofessional education: Today, yesterday and tomorrow. Fareham, UK: CAIPE.https://www.caipe.org/download/caipe-2002-interprofessional-education-today-yesterday-and-tomorrow-barr-h-pdf/. Accessed January 2, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
   Google Scholar
• Cook, K., & Stoecker, J. (2014). Healthcare student stereotypes: A systematic review with implications for interprofessional collaboration. J Res Interpro Pract Educ, 4(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22230/jripe.2014v4n2a151
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, H., Carlisle, C., Gibbs, T., & Watkins, C. (2001). Developing an evidence base for interdisciplinary learning: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 35(2), 228–237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01840.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correll, J., Judd, C. M., Park, B., & Wittenbrink, B. (2010). Measuring prejudice, stereotypes and discrimination. In J. F. Dovidio, M. Hewstone, & V. M. Esses (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination (pp. 45–62). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc
   Google Scholar
• Ewers, M., & Schaeffer, D. (2019). Interprofessionelles lernen, lehren und arbeiten auf holprigen wegen [interprofessional learning, teaching and working on bumpy roads]. In M. Ewers, E. Paradis, & D. Herinek (Eds.), Interprofessionelles lernen, lehren und arbeiten [interprofessional learning, teaching and working] (pp. 55–69). Weinheim: Beltz Verlag
   Google Scholar
• Ewers, M., & Walkenhorst, U. (2019). Interprofessionalität in den DACH-Ländern – Eine Momentaufnahme [Interprofessionality in the DACH countries – A snapshot]. In M. Ewers, E. Paradis, & D. Herinek (Eds.), Interprofessionelles lernen, lehren und arbeiten [interprofessional learning, teaching and working] (pp. 20–37). Weinheim: Beltz Verlag
   Google Scholar
• Foster, R., & Macleod Clark, J. (2015). Moderating the stereotypical views of health and social care students: The role of interprofessional education. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 29(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2014.936059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friend, M. L., Friend, R. D., Ford, C., & Ewell, P. J. (2016). Critical care interprofessional education: Exploring conflict and power—lessons learned. The Journal of Nursing Education, 55(12), 696–700. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20161114-06
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammick, M., Freeth, D., Koppel, I., Reeves, S., & Barr, H. (2007). A best evidence systematic review of interprofessional education: BEME Guide no 9. Medical Teacher, 29 (8), 735–751. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701682576
   Google Scholar
• Haslam, S. A., Turner, J. C., Oakes, P. J., Reynolds, K. J., & Doosje, B. (2002). From personal pictures in the head to collective tools in the world: How shared stereotypes allow groups to represent and change social reality. In C. McGarty, V. Y. Yzerbyt, & R. Spears (Eds.), Stereotypes as explanation: the formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups (pp. 157–185). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
   Google Scholar
• Hean, S., Clark, J. M., Adams, K., & Humphris, D. (2006). Will opposites attract? Similarities and differences in students’ perceptions of the stereotype profiles of other health and social care professional groups. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 20(2), 162–181. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820600646546
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hean, S., Clark, J. M., Adams, K., Humphris, D., & Lathlean, J. (2006). Being seen by others as we see ourselves: The congruence between the ingroup and outgroup perceptions of health and social care students. Learn Health Soc Care, 5(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-6861.2006.00108.x
   Google Scholar
• Hean, S., & Dickinson, C. (2005). The contact hypothesis: An exploration of its further potential in interprofessional education. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 19(5), 480–491. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820500215202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilton, J. L., & Von Hippel, W. (1996). Stereotypes. Annu Rev Psychol, 47(1), 237–271. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.47.1.237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hind, M., Norman, I., Cooper, S., Gill, E., Hilton, R., Judd, P., & Jones, S. (2003). Interprofessional perceptions of health care students. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 17(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1356182021000044120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kolbe, M., Burtscher, M. J., Wacker, J., Grande, B., Nohynkova, R., Manser, T., Spahn, D. R., & Grote, G. (2012). Speaking up is related to better team performance in simulated anesthesia inductions: An observational study. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 115(5), 1099–1108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e318269cd32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langlois, S., & Peterkin, A. (2019). Promoting collaborative competencies through the arts and humanities: Lessons learned from an innovative IPE certificate program. J Interprof Educ Pract, 16, 100267. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjep.2019.100267
   Google Scholar
• Lapkin, S., Levett-Jones, T., & Gilligan, C. (2013). A systematic review of the effectiveness of interprofessional education in health professional programs. Nurse Education Today, 33(2), 90–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2011.11.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, M., Graham, S., & Bonacum, D. (2004). The human factor: The critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care. BMJ Quality & Safety, 13(suppl 1), i85–i90. h ttps://d oi.org/0.1136/qshc.2004.010033
   Google Scholar
• Lewitt, M. S., Ehrenborg, E., Scheja, M., & Brauner, A. (2010). Stereotyping at the undergraduate level revealed during interprofessional learning between future doctors and biomedical scientists. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 24(1), 53–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820902921704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw, S. Y., Siau, C., Zhou, W. T., & Lau, T. C. (2014). Interprofessional simulation-based education program: A promising approach for changing stereotypes and improving attitudes toward nurse–physician collaboration. Appl Nurs Res, 27(4), 258–260. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2014.03.005
   Google Scholar
• Lidskog, M., Löfmark, A., & Ahlström, G. (2008). Learning about each other: Students’ conceptions before and after interprofessional education on a training ward. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 22(5), 521–533. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820802168471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michalec, B., Giordano, C., Arenson, C., Antony, R., & Rose, M. (2013). Dissecting first-year students’ perceptions of health profession groups. Journal of Allied Health, 42(4), 203–213.
   Google Scholar
• Ognyanova, D., Young, R., Maier, C. B., & Busse, R. (2014). Why do health professionals leave Germany and what attracts foreigners? A qualitative study. In J. Buchan, M. Wismar, I. A. Glinos, & J. Bemmer (Eds.), Health professional mobility in a changing europe: new dynamics, mobile individuals and diverse responses. OECD Series Studies (pp. 203–232). World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Paradis, E., & Reeves, S. (2013). Key trends in interprofessional research: A macrosociological analysis from 1970 to 2010. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 27(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2012.719943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2005). Allport’s intergroup contact hypothesis: Its history and influence. In J. F. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L. A. Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: fifty years after allport (pp. 262–277). Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishing
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Praxmarer-Fernande, S., Maier, C. B., Oikarainen, A., Buchan, J., & Perfilieva, G. (2017). Levels of education offered in nursing and midwifery education in the WHO European region: Multicountry baseline assessment. Public Health Panor, 3(2), 419–430.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2020). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Reeves, S., Perrier, L., Goldman, J., Freeth, D., & Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare Outcomes (update). In: Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Group (Ed.). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 3, Art. No. CD002213. http://doi.wiley.com/https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002213.pub3
   Google Scholar
• Rudland, J. R., & Mires, G. J. (2005). Characteristics of doctors and nurses as perceived by students entering medical school: Implications for shared teaching. Med Educ, 39(5), 448–455. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02108.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, A. A., & McKenna, H. P. (1994). A comparative study of the attitudes of nursing and medical students to aspects of patient care and the nurse’s role in organizing that care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(1), 114–123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01059.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlette, S., Lisac, M., & Blum, K. (2009). Integrated primary care in Germany: The road ahead. International Journal of Integrated Care, 9(2), e14. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.311
   Google Scholar
• Schrauth, M., Kowalski, A., Weyrich, P., Begenau, J., Werner, A., Zipfel, S., & Nikendei, C. (2009). Selbstbild, Arztbild und Arztideal: Ein Vergleich Medizinstudierender 1981 und 2006 [Self-image, real physician and ideal physician’s image: A comparison of medical students 1981 and 2006]. Psychother Psych Med, 59(12), 446–453. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1055/s–0029–1202343
   Google Scholar
• Thistlethwaite, J. (2012). Interprofessional education: A review of context, learning and the research agenda. Med Educ, 46(1), 58–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04143.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomson, K., Outram, S., Gilligan, C., & Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Interprofessional experiences of recent healthcare graduates: A social psychology perspective on the barriers to effective communication, teamwork, and patient-centred care. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 29(6), 634–640. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2015.1040873
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunstall-Pedoe, S., Rink, E., & Hilton, S. (2003). Student attitudes to undergraduate interprofessional education. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 17(2), 161–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1356182031000081768
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories. In: N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: context, commitment, content (Vol. 3, pp. 6–34). Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishers
   Google Scholar
• Weaver, S. J., Lubomksi, L. H., Wilson, R. F., Pfoh, E. R., Martinez, K. A., & Dy, S. M. (2013). Promoting a culture of safety as a patient safety strategy: A systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 158(5_Part_2), 369–374. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weller, J., Boyd, M., & Cumin, D. (2014). Teams, tribes and patient safety: Overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 90(1061), 149–154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, S., Lambert, S., Visker, J., Banez, J. C., Lasser, B., Cichon, T., Leong, M., Dunseith, N., & Cox, C. (2019). Public health education student stereotypes of other health professions before and after an interprofessional education program. Health Prof Educ, 5(2), 120–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2018.06.006
   Google Scholar
• Wild, H., & Ewers, M. (2017). Stereotypes in health professional students – Perspectives for research about interprofessional learning, teaching and working. Int J Health Prof, 4(2), 79–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/ijhp-2017-0026
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (2010). Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. https://www.who.int/hrh/resources/framework_action/en/
   Google Scholar
• Xyrichis, A. (2020). Interprofessional science: An international field of study reaching maturity. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 34(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2020.1707954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zander-Jentsch, B., Wagner, F., Rzayeva, N., & Busse, R. (2019). Germany. In: Rafferty, A. M., Busse, R., Zander-Jentsch, B., Sermeus, W., Bruyneel, L. (Eds.). Strengthening health systems through nursing: Evidence from 14 European countries. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies (pp. 43–52). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545718/
   Google Scholar