Widening participation, the instrumentalization of knowledge and the reproduction of inequality

References

• Anyangwe, Eliza. 2012. “How Can Universities Improve Access Without Lowering Standards?” The Guardian, September 13. Accessed April 9. http://www.guardian.co.uk/higher-education-network/blog/2012/sep/13/university-of-cambridge-social-engineering.
   Google Scholar
• Archer, Louise. 2007. “Diversity, Equality and Higher Education: A Critical Reflection on the Ab/uses of Equity Discourse within Widening Participation.” Teaching in Higher Education 12 (5–6): 635–653. doi:10.1080/13562510701595325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asad, Talal. 2006. “Trying to Understand French Secularism.” In Political Theologies: Public Religions in a Post-Secular World, edited by Hent de Vries and Lawrence E. Sullivan, 494–526. New York: Fordham University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ball, Stephen J. 2008. The Education Debate. Bristol: The Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Barnett, Clive. 2009. “Publics and Markets: What's Wrong with Neoliberalism?” In The SAGE Handbook of Social Geography, edited by Susan J. Smith, Sallie Marston, Rachel Pain, and John Paul Jones III, 269–296. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Blanden, Jo, and Stephen Machin. 2004. “Educational Inequality and the Expansion of UK Higher Education.” Scottish Journal of Political Economy 51 (2): 230–249. doi:10.1111/j.0036-9292.2004.00304.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowl, Marion. 2010. “University Continuing Education in a Neoliberal Landscape: Developments in England and Aotearoa New Zealand.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 29 (6): 723–738. doi:10.1080/02601370.2010.523946.
   Google Scholar
• Browne Report. 2010. “Securing a Sustainable Future for Higher Education: An independent Review of Higher Education Financing and Student Finance.” October 12. www.independent.gov.uk/browne-report.
   Google Scholar
• Burke, Penny Jane. 2012. The Right to Higher Education: Beyond Widening Participation. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Delanty, Gerard. 2001. Challenging Knowledge: The University in the Knowledge Society. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• DfES (Department For Education and Skills). 2006. Widening Participation in Higher Education. DfES Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Durkheim, Émile. 1915. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, a Study in Religious Sociology. Translated by Joseph Ward Swain. London: Allen & Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Emmerson, Carl, Christine Frayne, Sandra McNally, and Olmo Silva. 2006. Aimhigher: Excellence Challenge: A Policy Evaluation Using the Labour Force Survey. Research Report RR813. Nottingham: Department for Education and Skills.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 1978. The History of Sexuality: Volume 1. New York: Pantheon Books.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 1991. Remarks on Marx. Translated by James R. Goldstein and James Cascaito. New York: Semiotext(e).
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 2005. The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France 1981–1982. New York: Picador.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 2007. Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the Collège de France 1977–1978. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, Michel. 2010. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège De France, 1978–79. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, Jurgën. 1971. Towards a Rational Society: Student Protest, Science and Politics. Translated by J. J. Shapiro. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Habermas, Jurgën. 1989. “The idea of the University: Learning Processes.” In The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historians' Debate, edited by J. Habermas and translated by S. Weber Nicholson, 105–123. Cambridge, MA: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leathwood, Carol, and Paul O'Connell. 2003. “‘It's a Struggle’: The Construction of the ‘New Student’ in Higher Education.” Journal of Education Policy 18 (6): 597–615. doi:10.1080/0268093032000145863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levidow, Les. 2001. “Marketizing Higher Education: Neoliberal Strategies and Counter-strategies.” Education and Social Justice 3 (2): 12–24.
   Google Scholar
• Lipsett, Anthea. 2008. “Universities are Dumbing Down, Say Lecturers.” The Guardian, October 23. Accessed April 9. http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2008/oct/23/dumbing-down.
   Google Scholar
• Mavelli, Luca. 2012. Europe's Encounter with Islam: The Secular and the Postsecular. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• McLean, Monica. 2006. Pedagogy and the University: Critical Theory and Practice. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Morley, Louise. 2003. Quality and Power in Higher Education. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Read, Barbara, Louise Archer, and Carole Leathwood. 2003. “Challenging Cultures? Student Conceptions of ‘Belonging’ and ‘Isolation’ at a Post-1992 University.” Studies in Higher Education 28 (3): 261–277. doi:10.1080/03075070309290.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reay, Diane. 2003. “Shifting Class Identities? Social Class and the Transition to Higher Education.” In Social Justice, Education and Identity, edited by Carol Vincent. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
   Google Scholar
• Reay, Diane, Gill Crozier, and John Clayton. 2010. “‘Fitting in’ or ‘Standing Out’: Working-class Students in UK Higher Education.” British Educational Research Journal 36 (1): 107–124. doi:10.1080/01411920902878925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, Steven. 2011. “Traditional Practice for Non-Traditional Students? Examining the Role of Pedagogy in Higher Education Retention.” Journal of Further and Higher Education 35 (2): 183–199. doi:10.1080/0309877X.2010.540320.
   Google Scholar
• Sheeran, Yanina, Brian J. Brown, and Sally Baker. 2007. “Conflicting Philosophies of Inclusion: The Contestation of Knowledge in Widening Participation.” London Review of Education 5 (3): 249–263. doi:10.1080/14748460701661302.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, Adam. 1776. An Inquiry into the Natural Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tett, Lyn. 2004. “Mature Working-Class Students in an ‘Elite’ University: Discourses of Risk, Choice and Exclusion.” Studies in the Education of Adults 36 (2): 252–264.
   Google Scholar
• Wainwright, Emma, Elodie Marandet, Susan Buckingham, and Fiona Smith. 2011. “The Training-to-Work Trajectory: Pressures for and Subversions to Participation in the Neoliberal Learning Market in the UK.” Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 18 (5): 635–654.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, Melanie. 2008. “Widening Participation; Widening Capability.” London Review of Education 6 (3): 267–279. doi:10.1080/14748460802489397.
   Google Scholar
• Wilkins, Andrew, and Penny Jane Burke. 2013. “Widening Participation in British Higher Education: The Role of Professional and Social Class Identities and Commitments.” British Journal of Sociology of Education. 1–19. doi:10.1080/01425692.2013.829742.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, Joanna. 2011. “Raising Expectations or Constructing Victims? Problems with Promoting Social Inclusion through Lifelong Learning.” International Journal of Lifelong Education 30 (4): 451–467. doi:10.1080/02601370.2011.588461.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, Joanna. 2012, Consuming Higher Education: Why Learning Can't Be Bought. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
   Google Scholar