The challenge for university teaching and research practice in Zimbabwe: an empirical study

References

• Abegaz, B. 2011. Political Parties in Business. Working Paper Number 113. College of William and Mary Department of Economics. Retrieved from https://economics.wm.edu/wp/cwm_wp113.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Asen, R. 2017. “Neoliberalism, the Public Sphere, and a Public Good.” Quarterly Journal of Speech. doi:10.1080/00335630.2017.1360507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezuidenhout, L., O. Karrar, J. Lezaun, A. Nobes, and A. C. Miller. 2019. “Economic Sanctions and Academia: Overlooked Impact and Long-Term Consequences.” PLoS ONE 14 (10): e0222669. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth, D., and F. Golooba-Mutebi. 2012. “Developmental Patrimonialism? The Case of Rwanda.” African Affairs 111/444: 379–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden, B., C. Mbanje, and D. N. Mahuku. 2011. “European Union Sanctions and Their Impacts on Zimbabwe 2002–2011: Finding Alternative Means to Survive.” Sacha Journal of Policy and Strategic Studies 1 (2): 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Bruff, I. 2016. “Neoliberalism and Authoritarianism.” In The Handbook of Neoliberalism, edited by S. Springer, K. Birch, and J. MacLeavy, 107–117. New York and London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bruff, I., and C. B. Tansel. 2019. “Authoritarian Neoliberalism: Trajectories of Knowledge Production and Praxis.” Globalizations 16 (3): 233–244. doi:10.1080/14747731.2018.1502497.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budhram, T., and N. Geldenhuys. 2018. “Corruption in South Africa: The Demise of a Nation? New and Improved Strategies to Combat Corruption.” South African Journal of Criminal Justice 31 (1): 26–57.
   Google Scholar
• Burgin, A. 2012. The Great Persuasion: Reinventing Free Markets Since the Depression. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Carnoy, M. 2016. “Educational Policies in the Face of Globalization: Whither the Nation-State.” In The Handbook of Global Education Policy, edited by K. Mundy, A. Green, B. Lingard, and A. Verger, 27–42. Oxford: John Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Cassim, J. 2020. "One Year After Robert Mugabe: Has Zimbabwe Changed?" Radio France International, 29 January. https://www.rfi.fr/en/20190129-reportage-mugabe-1-years-robert-zimbabwe-post-resignation-election-new
   Google Scholar
• Chetsanga, C. J. 2003. An Analysis of the Cause and Effect of the Brain Drain in Zimbabwe. Harare: Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre (SIRDC).
   Google Scholar
• Cochran, W. G. 1954. “Some Methods for Strengthening the Common χ2 Tests.” Biometrics 10 (4): 417–451. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3001616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, L., L. Manion, and K. Morrison. 2018. Research Methods in Education. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. 2007. Southern Theory: The Global Dynamics of Knowledge in Social Science. Polity Press
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. 2013. “The Neoliberal Cascade and Education: An Essay on the Market Agenda and its Consequences.” Critical Studies in Education 54 (2): 99–112. doi:10.1080/17508487.2013.776990.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connell, R., and N. Dados. 2014. “Where in the World Does Neoliberalism Come from? The Market Agenda in Southern Perspective.” Theory and Society 43 (2): 117–138. doi:10.1007/s11186-014-9212-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crush, J., A. Chikanda, and G. Tawodzera. 2015. “The Third Wave: Mixed Migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa.” Canadian Journal of African Studies 49 (2): 363–382. doi:10.1080/00083968.2015.1057856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowden, R., and J. Burleigh. 2003. “Mugabe Quits Commonwealth Over Racist Plot Against Zimbabwe.” The Independent. Retrieved from:https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/mugabe-quits-commonwealth-over-racist-plot-against-zimbabwe-81622.html.
   Google Scholar
• Drezner, D. W. 2015. “Targeted Sanctions in a World of Global Finance.” International Interactions 41 (4): 755–764. doi:10.1080/03050629.2015.1041297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gane, N. 2014. “Sociology and Neoliberalism: A Missing History.” Sociology 48 (6): 1092–1106. doi:10.1177/0038038513512728.
   Google Scholar
• Garwe, E. C., and J. Thondhlana. 2019. “Higher Education Systems and Institutions, Zimbabwe.” In Encyclopedia of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions, edited by P. Teixeira, and J. Shin, 1–11. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, S. 2002. “Globalisation, Market Civilization and Disciplinary Neoliberalism.” In The Globalization of Liberalism, edited by E. Hovden, and E. Keene, 123–151. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Giroux, H. 2004. The Terror of Neoliberalism: Authoritarianism and the Eclipse of Democracy. London: Paradigm.
   Google Scholar
• Giroux, H. 2008. Against the Terror of Neoliberalism. London: Paradigm.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales, L. D., and A. M. Nuñez. 2014. “The Ranking Regime and the Production of Knowledge: Implications for Academia.” Education Policy Analysis Archives 22 (31), doi:10.14507/epaa.v22n31.
   Google Scholar
• Gukurume, S. 2019. “Navigating the Crisis: University of Zimbabwe Students’ Campus Experiences During Zimbabwe’s Multi-Layered Crisis.” African Identities 17 (3–4): 277–297. doi:10.1080/14725843.2019.1670620.
   Google Scholar
• Harrison, G. 2019. “Authoritarian Neoliberalism and Capitalist Transformation in Africa: All Pain, No Gain.” Globalizations 16 (3): 274–288. doi:10.1080/14747731.2018.1502491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey, D. 2007. “Neoliberalism as Creative Destruction.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 610 (1): 22–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayati, Z., and F. Didegah. 2010. “International Scientific Collaboration Among Iranian Researchers During 1998–2007.” Library Hi Tech 28 (3): 433–446. doi:10.1108/07378831011076675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofisi, S. 2018. “Changing Voting Patterns, Exertions on Electoral Legitimacy.” Journal of African Foreign Affairs 5 (3): 27–44. doi:10.2307/26664075.
   Google Scholar
• Huggins, C. 2017. “Discipline, Governmentality and ‘Developmental Patrimonialism’: Insights from Rwanda’s Pyrethrum Sector.” Journal of Agrarian Change 17 (4): 715–732. doi:10.1111/joac.12189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwami, M. 2012. “Settlers, sell-outs, and sons of the soil: The creation of aliens in Zimbabwe and the Challenge for Higher Education.” Cultural and Pedagogical Inquiry 4 (1): 4–26.
   Google Scholar
• Hwami, M. 2016. “Frantz Fanon and the Problematic of Decolonization: Perspectives on Zimbabwe.” Journal: African Identities 14 (1): 19–37. doi:10.1080/14725843.2015.1100107.
   Google Scholar
• Hwami, Munyaradzi. 2021. “A comparative scoping review of the impact of international economic sanctions on education.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education: 1–17. http://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1846120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwami, M, D Madzanire, and E Hwami. 2018. “Chiadzwa Resistance to Development Dispossession: Kleptocracy and Rural Struggles in Zimbabwe.” The Journal of Rural and Community Development 13 (3): 1–19
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. B., and L. Christensen. 2019. Educational Research. Los Angeles: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kariwo, M. T. 2007. “Widening Access in Higher Education in Zimbabwe.” Higher Education Policy 20: 45–59.
   Google Scholar
• Kelsall, T., D. Booth, D. Cammack, and F. Golooba-Mutebi. 2010. “Developmental Patrimonialism? Questioning the Orthodoxy on Political Governance and Economic Progress in Africa.” Africa Power and Politics Working Paper No. 9. https://www.odi.org/publications/16497-developmental-patrimonialism-questioning-orthodoxy-political-governance-and-economic-progress-Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Klees, S. J. 2012. “World Bank and Education: Ideological Premises and Ideological Conclusions.” In The World Bank and Education: Critiques and Alternatives, edited by S. J. Klees, J. Samoff, and N. P. Stromquist, 49–65. Boston: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Kokabisaghi, F. 2018. “Assessment of the Effects of Economic Sanctions on Iranians’ Right to Health by Using Human Rights Impact Assessment Tool: A Systematic Review.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management 7 (5): 374–393. doi:10.15171/IJHPM.2017.147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurasha, P. 2015. “The Future of Higher Education in Zimbabwe: A Constantly Moving Target.” Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research 27 (2): 204–220.
   Google Scholar
• Langmia, K. 2011. “The Secret Weapon of Globalisation: China's Activities in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Journal of Third World Studies XXVIIl (2): 41–58. https://dh.howard.edu/strategic_fac/23
   Google Scholar
• Long, M. 2015. “Precarity, the Humanities and Slow Death.” Australian Humanities Review 58: 93–99.
   Google Scholar
• Mantzaris, E. A. 2018. “Towards an Evidence-Based Corruption Index in South Africa.” African Journal of Public Affairs 10 (4): 271–294.
   Google Scholar
• Marginson, S. 2011. “Higher Education and Public Good.” Higher Education Quarterly 65 (4): 411–433. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2273.2011.00496.x.
   Google Scholar
• Marginson, S. 2016. “The Global Construction of Higher Education Reform.” In Globalisation and Education: Integration and Contestations Across Cultures, edited by N. P. Stromquist, and K. Monkman, 291–312. London and Toronto: Rowman and Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, B., P. Cardon, A. Poddar, and R. Fontenot. 2013. “Does Sample Size Matter in Qualitative Research?: A Review of Qualitative Interviews in IS Research.” Journal of Computer Information Systems 54 (1): 11–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath, S., J. Thondhlana, and E. Garwe. 2019. “Internationalisation of Higher Education and National Development: The Case of Zimbabwe.” Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, doi:10.1080/03057925.2019.1684241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Science and Technology. 2021. Education 5.0-Towards Problem-Solving and Value Creation. Retrieved from http://www.mhtestd.gov.zw/?p=3501.
   Google Scholar
• Monbiot, G. 2017. “Neoliberalism-The Ideology at the Root of All Our Problems.” The Guardian Newspaper. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/apr/15/neoliberalism-ideology-problem-george-monbiot.
   Google Scholar
• Mpofu, J., S. Chimhenga, and O. Mafa. 2013. “Funding Higher Education in Zimbabwe: Experience, Challenges and Opportunities of the Cadetship Scheme.” In Funding Higher Education in Sub-Saharan Africa, edited by D. Teferra, 327–350. Palgrave: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Naidoo, R., A. Shankar, and E. Veer. 2011. “The Consumerist Turn in Higher Education: Policy Aspirations and Outcomes.” Journal of Marketing Management 27 (11–12): 1142–1162. doi:10.1080/0267257X.2011.609135.
   Google Scholar
• Nherera, C. 2000. “The Role of Emerging Universities in Zimbabwe.” Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research 12 (3): 38–61.
   Google Scholar
• Nonini, D. M. 2005. “Making the Case for Kleptocratic Oligarchy.” Social Analysis 49 (1): 177–189.
   Google Scholar
• Ogbonna, C. C. 2017. “Targeted or Restrictive: Impact of US and EU Sanctions on Education and Healthcare of Zimbabweans.” Africa Research Review 11 (3): 31–41. doi:10.4314/afrrev.v11i3.4.
   Google Scholar
• Okafor, C., L. M. Smith, and N. Ujah. 2014. “Kleptocracy, Nepotism, Kakistocracy: Impact of Corruption in Sub-Saharan African Countries.” International Journal of Economics and Accounting 5 (2): 97–115. doi:10.1504/IJEA.2014.063736.
   Google Scholar
• Saeidnia, S., and M. Abdollahi. 2013. “Consequences of International Sanctions on Iranian Scientists and the Basis of Science.” Hepatmon 13 (9): e14843. doi:10.5812/hepatmon.
   Google Scholar
• Seeley, M. 2015. “How Sanctions Laws Affect Publishing: OFAC Provides New Guidance: Elsevier has Encouraged Freedom of Expression for Scientific Authors in Sanctioned Countries Such as Iran, Cuba, Sudan, Burma, and Syria.” Elsevier. https://www. elsevier.com/ connect/ how- sanctions-laws- affect- publishing- ofac- provides new-guidance.
   Google Scholar
• Shizha, E. 2006. “Legitimizing Indigenous Knowledge in Zimbabwe: A Theoretical Analysis of Postcolonial School Knowledge and its Colonial Legacy.” Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education 1 (1): 20–35.
   Google Scholar
• Shizha, E. 2011. “Neoliberal Globalisation, Science Education and Indigenous African Knowledges.” In Critical Perspectives on Neoliberal Globalization, Development and Education in Africa and Asia, edited by D. Kapoor, 15–32. Rotterdam: Sense.
   Google Scholar
• Shizha, E., and M. T. Kariwo. 2011. “The Development of Higher Education in Zimbabwe.” In Education and Development in Zimbabwe: A Social, Political and Economic Analysis, edited by E. Shisha, and M. T. Kariwo, 125–133. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Shore, C., and M. Davidson. 2014. “Beyond Collusion and Resistance: Academic-Management Relations Within the Neoliberal University.” Learning and Teaching 7 (1): 12–28. doi:10.3167/latiss.2014.070102.
   Google Scholar
• Shumway, D. R. 2017. “The University, Neoliberalism, and the Humanities: A History.” Humanities 6 (4): 83. doi:10.3390/h6040083.
   Google Scholar
• Slaughter, S., and L. L. Leslie. 1997. Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies and the Entrepreneurial University. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Slobodian, Q. 2018. Globalists: The End of Empire and the Birth of Neoliberalism. London: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spring, J. 2015. Globalisation of Education. New York and London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Stromquist, N. P., and K. Monkman. 2014. “Defining Globalisation and Assessing its Implications for Knowledge and Education, Revisited.” In Globalisation and Education, edited by N. P. Stromquist, and K. Monkman, 1–20. Rowman and Littlefield: New York & Toronto.
   Google Scholar
• Tansel, C. B. 2017. States of Discipline: Authoritarian Neoliberalism and the Contested Reproduction of Capitalist Order. London: Rowman & Littlefield International.
   Google Scholar
• Thornton, M. 2015. “Introduction: The Retreat from the Critical.” In Through a Glass Darkly: The Social Sciences Look at the Neoliberal University, edited by M. Thornton, 1–18. Canberra: The Australian National University.
   Google Scholar
• Tikly, L. 2001. “Globalisation and Education in the Postcolonial World: Towards a Conceptual Framework.” Comparative Education 37 (2): 151–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNDP. 2010. Report on Zimbabwe. http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/ZWE.
   Google Scholar
• University of Zimbabwe. 2021. Application Form. Harare. https://www.uz.ac.zw/index.php/admissions/admissions-forms/category/8-postgraduate-application-forms.
   Google Scholar
• University of Zimbabwe. 2021. Residence Application. Harare: Student Residential Service Department. https://www.uz.ac.zw/index.php/current-students/student-affairs/student-residential-services.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, P. R. C. 1989. Commission of Enquiry Into the Establishment of a Second University or Campus. Harare: Government Printers.
   Google Scholar
• Yeh, C. J., and A. G. Inman. 2007. “Qualitative Data Analysis and Interpretation in Counselling Psychology: Strategies for Best Practices.” The Counselling Psychologist 35 (3): 369–403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zindi, F. 2015. “Celebrating 60 Years of University Expansion in Zimbabwe.” Zimbabwe Journal of Educational Research 27 (2): 273–288.
   Google Scholar
• Zvobgo, R. J. 1994. Colonialism and Education in Zimbabwe. Harare: SAPES Books.
   Google Scholar