3,591
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

New Frontiers of Profit and Risk: The Fourth Industrial Revolution’s Impact on Business and Human Rights

&

References

  • Access Now and Amnesty International, 2018. The Toronto declaration: protecting the right to equality and non-discrimination in machine learning systems.
  • Affectiva, 2016. Technology [online]. Available from: http://www.affectiva.com/ [Accessed 24 Feb 2017].
  • Amnesty International, 2016. Snapchat, Skype among apps not protecting users’ privacy [online]. Available from: https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/10/snapchat-skype-among-apps-not-protecting-users-privacy/ [Accessed 3 Feb 2017].
  • Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, 2017. APEC 2017 high-level policy dialogue on human resources development in the digital age [online]. Available from: https://www.apec.org:443/Meeting-Papers/Sectoral-Ministerial-Meetings/Human-Resources-Development/2017_hrd [Accessed 26 Sep 2017].
  • Axworthy, L., 2000. The Mouse is Mightier than the Sword. In: S. Hick, E.F. Halpin, E. Hoskins, eds. Human rights and the internet. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 16–20.
  • Barrow, J.D., and Tipler, F.J., 1986. The anthropic cosmological principle. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Baumann-Pauly, D., et al., 2016. Setting and enforcing industry-specific standards for human rights: the role of multi-stakeholder initiatives in regulating corporate conduct. In: Dorothée Baumann-Pauly, Justine Nolan, eds. Business and human rights: from principles to practice. New York: Routledge, 170–191.
  • Beitz, C., 2003. What human rights mean. Daedalus, 132 (1), 36–46.
  • Blouin-Genest, G., Doran, M.-C., and Paquerot, S., eds. 2019. Human rights as battlefields: changing practices and contestations. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan.
  • Boyle, M.J., 2015. The legal and ethical implications of drone warfare. The international journal of human rights, 19 (2), 105–126. doi: 10.1080/13642987.2014.991210
  • Brownsword, Roger, 2009. Human dignity, ethical pluralism, and modern biotechnology. In: T. Murphy, ed. New technologies and human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19–84.
  • Brynjolfsson, E., and McAfee, A., 2011. Race against the machine: how the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy. Lexington, Mass: Digital Frontier Press.
  • Brynjolfsson, E., and McAfee, A., 2014. The second machine age: work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Brysk, A., ed. 2002. Globalization and human rights. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Byrne, D. 2017. Eliminating the human [online]. MIT Technology Review. Available from: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608580/eliminating-the-human/ [Accessed 26 Sep 2017].
  • Callon, M., 1986. The sociology of an actor-network: the case of the electric vehicle. In: M. Callon, A. Rip, and J. Law, ed. Mapping the dynamics of science and technology sociology of science in the real world. London, UK: The Macmillan press limited.
  • Cath, C., and Floridi, L., 2017. The design of the internet’s architecture by the internet engineering task Force (IETF) and human rights. Science and engineering ethics, 23 (2), 449–468. doi: 10.1007/s11948-016-9793-y
  • Champain, V. 2018. Demystifying industry 4.0 [online]. Available from: https://www.idgconnect.com/blog-abstract/30242/demystifying-industry [Accessed 11 Jul 2018].
  • Chiarello, F., et al., 2018. Extracting and mapping industry 4.0 technologies using wikipedia. Computers in industry, 100, 244–257. doi: 10.1016/j.compind.2018.04.006
  • Chui, M., Manyika, J., and Miremadi, M., 2015. Four fundamentals of workplace automation. McKinsey quarterly. Available from: http://www.mckinsey.com/businessfunctions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/four-fundamentals-of-workplace-automation [Accessed 2 Jan 2020].
  • Clapham, A., 2006. Human rights obligations of non-state actors. Oxford: Oxford University press.
  • Cogito, 2017. A smarter way to sell [online]. Available from: http://www.cogitocorp.com/ [Accessed 24 Feb 2017].
  • Cotteleer, M. and Sniderman, B., 2017. Forces of change: industry 4.0. Deloitte University Press. Available from: https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/industry-4-0/overview.html [Accessed 2 Feb 2020].
  • Couchman, H., 2019. Policing by machine: predictive policing and the threat to our rights. London: Liberty.
  • Cukier, K.N. and Mayer-Schoenberger, V., 2013. The rise of big data: how it’s changing the way we think about the world. Foreign affairs, 92 (May/June 2013), 28–40.
  • Deibert, R., 2013. Black code: Inside the Battle for Cyberspace. EPUB. Toronto, Canada: Signal.
  • Dembour, M.-B., 2010. What are human rights - four schools of thought. Human rights quarterly, 1, 1–20. doi: 10.1353/hrq.0.0130
  • DeNardis, L., and Hackl, A.M., 2015. Internet governance by social media platforms. Telecommunications Policy, 39 (9), 761–770. doi: 10.1016/j.telpol.2015.04.003
  • De Stefano, V., 2015. The rise of the ‘just-in-time workforce’: on-demand work, crowd work and labour protection in the ‘Gig-economy’. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.
  • Dinham, B., and Malik, S., 2003. Pesticides and human rights. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 9 (1), 40–52. doi: 10.1179/oeh.2003.9.1.40
  • Docherty, B., 2015. Mind the gap: the lack of accountability for Killer RobotsHuman Rights Watch and Harvard Law School International Human Rights Clinic. Available from: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/arms0415_ForUpload_0.pdf [Accessed 2 Feb 2020].
  • Dougherty, C. 2015. Google photos mistakenly labels black people ‘Gorillas’ [online]. Bits Blog. Available from: https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/01/google-photos-mistakenly-labels-black-people-gorillas/ [Accessed 26 Feb 2017].
  • Dube, M. 2016. Driving convergence and interoperability for industrial IoT & industrie 4.0 [online]. Cisco Blogs. Available from: http://blogs.cisco.com/manufacturing/driving-convergence-for-industrial-iot-industrie-4-0 [Accessed 8 Feb 2017].
  • Duhigg, C., 2012. The power of habit: why we do what we do in life and business. 1st ed. New York: Random House.
  • European Aviation Safety Agency, 2017. Notice of proposed amendment 2017 - 05 (A) introduction of a regulatory framework for the operation of drones.
  • European Parliament, 2017. European parliament resolution of 16 February 2017 with recommendations to the Commission on Civil Law Rules on Robotics (2015/2103(INL)).
  • eyeQ, 2018. Home [online]. Available from: https://www.eyeqinsights.com/ [Accessed 11 Jul 2018].
  • Floridi, L., 2014. Protection of information and the right to privacy - a new equilibrium? New York: Springer.
  • Forbes India Magazine, 2017. Going digital is the fourth industrial revolution [online]. Available from: http://www.forbesindia.com/article/forbes-india-leaderspeak/going-digital-is-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/45395/1 [Accessed 9 Feb 2017].
  • Ford, M., 2015. Rise of the robots: technology and the threat of a jobless future. New York: Basic Books.
  • Freeman, B., et al., 2018. Shared space under pressure - business support for civic freedoms and human rights defenders. Business & Human Rights Resource Center and International Service for Human Rights. Available from: https://www.businesshumanrights.org/sites/default/files/documents/2018%20Shared%20Space%20Under%20Pressure%20-%20Business%20Support%20for%20Civic%20Freedoms%20and%20Human%20Rights%20Defenders_Final.pdf [Accessed 2 February 2020].
  • Fuchs, C., 2008. Internet and society: social theory in the information Age. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Gartner, 2019. Gartner top strategic predictions for 2020 and Beyond [online]. Available from: //www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/gartner-top-strategic-predictions-for-2020-and-beyond/ [Accessed 8 Jan 2020].
  • Garvie, C., Bedoya, A., and Frankle, J., 2016. The perpetual line-up: unregulated police face recognition in America. Georgetown Law Center on Privacy & Technology. Available from: https://www.perpetuallineup.org/ [Accessed 2 Feb 2020].
  • Gearty, C., 2014. Human rights: the necessary quest for foundations. In: C. Douzinas, C.A. Gearty, eds. The Meanings of rights: the philosophy and social theory of human rights. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 21–38.
  • Global Agenda Council on the Future of Government, 2017. Government with the people: a new formula for creating value. Geneva: World Economic Forum.
  • Griffin, J., 2008. On human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hardt, M. 2016. Equality of opportunity in machine learning. Google Research Blog.
  • Hopgood, S., 2013. The endtimes of human rights. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Horvitz, E., 2016. Statement before the committee on commerce subcommittee on space, science, and competitiveness. Washington, DC: US Senate.
  • Hsu, J. 2016. The fourth industrial revolution [online]. Symbio. Available from: https://www.symbio.com/the-fourth-industrial-revolution/ [Accessed 26 Sep 2017].
  • Kagermann, H., 2015. Change through digitization—value creation in the age of industry 4.0. In: H. Albach, H. Meffert, A. Pinkwart, R. Reichwald, eds. Management of permanent change. New York: Springer, 23–45.
  • Kelly, R., 2018. Constructing leadership 4.0: swarm leadership and the fourth industrial revolution. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kinley, D., 2009. Civilising globalisation: human rights and the global economy. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kypriotaki, K., Zamani, E., and Giaglis, G. 2015. From bitcoin to decentralized autonomous corporations - extending the application scope of decentralized peer-to-peer networks and blockchains: In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems. Presented at the 17th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Barcelona, Spain: SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 284–290.
  • Land, M.K., and Aronson, J.D., eds. 2018. New technologies for human rights law and practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Latour, B., 1987. Science in action: how to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Lee, K.-F. 2018. The real threat of artificial intelligence. The New York Times, 20 Jan.
  • Lessig, L., 2006. Code, version 2.0. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Liu, H.-Y., 2018. The power structure of artificial intelligence. Law, innovation and technology, 10 (2), 197–229. doi: 10.1080/17579961.2018.1527480
  • Lupton, D., and Williamson, B., 2017. The datafied child: the dataveillance of children and implications for their rights. New Media & Society, 19 (5), 780–794. doi: 10.1177/1461444816686328
  • Maesincee, S., 2016. Thailand 4.0: thriving in the 21st century through security, prosperity & sustainability.
  • Marcus, A., 2015. Mobile persuasion design changing behaviour by combining persuasion design with information design. London: Springer.
  • Mattern, F. and Floerkemeier, C., 2010. From the internet of computers to the internet of things. In: K. Sachs, I. Petrov, P. Guerrero, eds. From active data management to event-based systems and more. Berlin: Springer, 242–259.
  • Mavropoulos, A. 2016. Waste industry must prepare for 4th industrial revolution [online]. ISWA BLOG. Available from: https://waste-management-world.com/a/iswa-blog-waste-industry-must-prepare-for-4th-industrial-revolution [Accessed 5 Feb 2017].
  • Metzl, J.F., 1996. Information technology and human rights. Human rights quarterly, 18 (4), 705–746. doi: 10.1353/hrq.1996.0045
  • Microsoft, 2016a. A cloud for global good: a policy roadmap for a trusted, responsible and inclusive cloud.
  • Microsoft, 2016b. Digital transformation: the age of innocence, inertia or innovation?.
  • Microsoft Australia, 2016. Embracing digital transformation: Experiences from Australian organisations.
  • Molnar, P. and Gill, L., 2018. Bots at the gate: a human rights analysis of automated decision-making in Canada’s Immigration and refugee system. International Human Rights Program and the Citizen Lab. Available from: https://citizenlab.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/IHRPAutomated-Systems-Report-Web-V2.pdf [Accessed 2 Feb 2020].
  • Moore, A.W., 2016. Testimony submitted to the U.S. senate committee on commerce, science, and transportation, subcommittee on space, science, and competitiveness. Washington, DC: US Senate.
  • Moore, P.V., Upchurch, M., and Whittaker, X., eds. 2018. Humans and machines at work: monitoring, surveillance and automation in contemporary capitalism. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Morozov, E.V., 2011. The net delusion: the dark side of internet freedom. New York, NY: Public Affairs.
  • Mosco, V., 2004. The digital sublime: myth, power, and cyberspace. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Mosco, V., 2014. To the cloud: big data in a Turbulent world. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.
  • Murphy, Thérèse, 2009. Repetition, revolution, and resonance: an introduction to new technologies and human rights. In: T. Murphy, ed. New technologies and human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1–18.
  • The Nation, 2016. Industry 4.0 Thai industries urged to embrace the fourth revolution driven by four disruptions [online]. Available from: http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/business/EconomyAndTourism/30302897 [Accessed 20 Feb 2017].
  • OHCHR, 2017. Technology for human rights: UN Human Rights Office announces landmark partnership with Microsoft [online]. Available from: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=21620&LangID=E [Accessed 26 Sep 2017].
  • O’Neil, C., 2016. Weapons of math destruction: how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York, NY: Crown.
  • Owen, T., 2015. Disruptive power: the crisis of the state in the digital Age. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Pantic, M. 2016. Machines that can read human emotions.
  • Perry, M.J., 2007. Toward a theory of human rights: religion, law, courts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Perry, S., and Roda, C., 2017. Human rights and digital technology: digital tightrope. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Petrillo, A., et al., 2018. Fourth industrial revolution: current practices, challenges, and opportunities. In: A. Petrillo, R. Cioffi, F. De Felice, eds. Digital transformation in smart manufacturing. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 1–20.
  • Pfeiffer, S., 2017. The vision of “industrie 4.0” in the making—a case of future Told, Tamed, and traded. NanoEthics, 11 (1), 1–15. doi: 10.1007/s11569-016-0280-3
  • Predictive Policing Today: A Shared Statement of Civil Rights Concerns, 2016.
  • PwC, 2018. 21st CEO survey: the anxious optimist in the corner office.
  • Reidenberg, J.R., 1997. Lex informatica: the formulation of information policy rules through technology. Texas law review, 76 (3), 553–593.
  • Report of the working group on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, 2018. United Nations General Assembly.
  • Reynolds, M., 2017. Health insurer calls analysed for signs of disease in your voice [online]. New scientist. Available from: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2120426-health-insurer-calls-analysed-for-signs-ofdisease-in-your-voice/ [Accessed 2 Feb 2020].
  • Rifkin, J., 2014. The zero marginal cost society: the internet of things, the collaborative commons, and the eclipse of capitalism. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ritzer, G., and Jurgenson, N., 2010. Production, consumption, prosumption: the nature of capitalism in the age of the digital ‘prosumer’. Journal of consumer culture, 10 (1), 13–36. doi: 10.1177/1469540509354673
  • Robertson, J., 2014. Human rights vs. robot rights: Forecasts from Japan. Critical Asian Studies, 46 (4), 571–598. doi: 10.1080/14672715.2014.960707
  • Ronen, Y., 2015. Big brother’s little helpers: the right to privacy and the responsibility of internet service Providers. Utrecht journal of international and european law, 31, 72–86. doi: 10.5334/ujiel.cs
  • Rosenberg, M., Confessore, N., and Cadwalladr, C. 2018. How Trump consultants exploited the Facebook data of millions. The New York Times, 2 Apr.
  • Rossi, A., 2014. Internet privacy: who sets the global standard? The international spectator, 49 (1), 65–80. doi: 10.1080/03932729.2014.875823
  • Ruddick, G. 2016. Admiral to price car insurance based on Facebook posts. The Guardian, 2 Nov.
  • Ruggie, J.G., 2013. Just business: multinational corporations and human rights. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Sandvig, C., et al., 2016. When the algorithm itself is a racist: diagnosing ethical harm in the basic components of software. International journal of communication, 10 (0), 4972–4990.
  • SAP, 2017. Digital manufacturing: powering the fourth industrial revolution [online]. SAP. Available from: https://www.sap.com/documents/2016/05/8ab541f5-707c-0010-82c7-eda71af511fa.html [Accessed 26 Sep 2017].
  • Schwab, K. 2015. The fourth industrial revolution: what it means and how to respond [online]. Foreign Affairs. Available from: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2015-12-12/fourth-industrial-revolution [Accessed 5 Jul 2016].
  • Schwab, K., 2016. The fourth industrial revolution. Geneva: The World Economic Forum.
  • Schwab, K., and Davis, N., 2018. Shaping the fourth industrial revolution. New York, NY: Currency.
  • Selke, G., and Soule, P.B. 2017. Translating the HR digital revolution to everyday work. SAP, SAP White Paper.
  • Servaes, J., 2017. Introduction: from MDGs to SDGs. In: J. Servaes, ed. Sustainable development goals in the Asian context. Singapore: Springer Nature, 1–22.
  • Shanahan, M., 2015. The technological singularity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
  • Shorey, S. and Howard, P.N., 2016. Automation, big data and politics: a research review. International journal of communication, 10, 5032–5055.
  • Solon, O. 2017. Uber fires more than 20 employees after sexual harassment investigation. The Guardian, 7 Jun.
  • Sparrow, R., 2007. Killer Robots. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 24 (1), 62–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-5930.2007.00346.x
  • Srnicek, N., 2017. Platform capitalism. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
  • Stewart, D.R. “Chip”, and Littau, J., 2016. Up, Periscope: mobile streaming video technologies, privacy in public, and the right to Record. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 93 (2), 312–331. doi: 10.1177/1077699016637106
  • Stöcker, C. 2017. Blockchain and IoT: automating machine transactions in the fourth industrial revolution [online]. International Business Times. Available from: http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/blockchain-automating-machine-transactions-fourth-industrial-revolution-1608216 [Accessed 27 Feb 2017].
  • Stone, P., et al., 2016. ‘Artificial intelligence and life in 2030’. One Hundred Year study on artificial intelligence: report of the 2015–2016 study Panel. Stanford: Stanford University.
  • Stone, Z. 2017. Everything you need to know about Sophia, the world’s first robot citizen [online]. Forbes. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/zarastone/2017/11/07/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sophia-the-worlds-first-robot-citizen/ [Accessed 10 Jul 2018].
  • Stubb, A. 2017. For an optimistic revolution [online]. OECD Yearbook 2016. Available from: http://www.oecd.org/forum/oecdyearbook/for-an-optimistic-revolution.htm [Accessed 19 Sep 2017].
  • Thaler, R.H., and Sunstein, C.R., eds. 2008. Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • UBS, 2016. Extreme automation and connectivity: The global, regional, and investment implications of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. UBS White Paper.
  • van der Sloot, B., 2018. A new approach to the right to privacy, or how the European court of human rights embraced the non-domination principle. Computer law & security review, 34 (3), 539–549. doi: 10.1016/j.clsr.2017.11.013
  • Wajcman, J., 1995. Feminist theories of technology. In: S. Jasanoff, G.E. Markle, J.C. Peterson, T.J. Pinch, eds. Handbook of science and technology Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc, 189–204.
  • Wales, A., Gorman, M., and Hope, D., 2010. Big business, big responsibilities from villains to visionaries: how companies are tackling the world’s greatest challenges. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Washington, L. 2018. Transforming health in the fourth industrial revolution [online]. Diplomatic Courier. Available from: https://www.diplomaticourier.com/2018/04/17/transforming-health-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/ [Accessed 11 Jul 2018].
  • Whitman, M. 2017. Collaboration in a world where everything is connected [online]. CNBC. Available from: http://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/16/collaboration-in-a-world-where-everything-is-connected.html [Accessed 23 Feb 2017].
  • Winner, L., 1980. Do artifacts have politics? Daedalus, 109 (1), 121–136.
  • Wu, X., and Zhang, X. 2016. Automated inference on criminality using face images.
  • Zanni, J. 2017. 2017 Tech Trends: the beginning of the fourth industrial revolution [online]. Business Solutions. Available from: https://www.bsminfo.com/doc/tech-trends-the-beginning-of-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-0001 [Accessed 24 Feb 2017].
  • Zuboff, S., 2019. The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. New York: PublicAffairs.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.