Meditation: Concepts, effects and uses in therapy

References

• ATKINSON , R.L. , ATKINSON , R.C. , SMITH , E.E. , BEN , D.J. and NOLEN-NOEKSEMA , S. 1996 . Hilgard's introduction to psychology, , 12th edn
   Google Scholar
• ATWOOD , J.D. and MALTIN , L. 1991 . Putting eastern philosophies into western psychotherapies . American Journal of Psychotherapy , XLV : 368 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• BENHARD , J.D. , KRISTELLER , J. and KABAT-ZINN , J. 1988 . Effectiveness of relaxation and visualisation techniques as an adjunct to phototherapy and photochemotherapy of psoriasis . Journal American Academy of Dermatology , 19 : 572 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENSON , H. 1975 . The relaxation response , New York : Morrow .
   Google Scholar
• BENSON , H. , MALHOTRA , M.S. , GOLDMAN , R.F. , JACOBS , G.D. and HOPKINS , P.J. 1990 . Three case reports of the metabolic and electroencephalographic changes during advanced Buddhist meditation techniques . Behavioural Medicine , Summer : 90 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOGART , G. 1991 . The use of meditation in psychotherapy: a review of the literature . American Journal of Psychotherapy , XLV : 383 – 412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRADWEJN , J. 1985 . Can East and West meet in psychoanalysis? . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 (10) : 1226 – 1228 .
   Google Scholar
• CHUNG , CHANG-YONG . 1990 . Psychotherapist and expansion of awareness . Psychotherapy Psychosom , 53 : 28 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COLBY , F. 1991 . An analogue study of the initial carryover effects of meditation, hypnosis and relaxation using native college students . Biofeedback Self-Regulation , 16 (2) : 157 – 165 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CRAVEN , J.L. 1989 . Meditation and psychotherapy . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 34 : 648 – 653 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEBERRY , S. , DAVIS , S. and REINHARD , K.E. 1989 . A comparison of meditation-relaxation and cognitive-behavioural techniques for reducing anxiety and depression in a geriatric population . Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 22 (2) : 231 – 247 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DEEPACK , K.K. , MANCHANDA , S.K. and MAHESHWARI , M.C. 1994 . Meditation improves clinicoelectroen-cephalographic measures in drug-resistant epileptics . Biofeedback Self-Regulation , 19 (1) : 25 – 40 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DELMONTE , M.M. 1987 . Constructivist view of meditation . American Journal of Psychotherapy , 41 (2) : 286 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DILLBECK , M.C. and ORME-JOHNSON , D.W. 1987 . Psychological differences between transcendental meditation and rest . American Psychology , 42 : 879 – 881 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUA , J.K. and SWINDEN , M.L. 1992 . Effectiveness of negative-thoughts-reduction, meditation and placebo training treatment in reducing anger . Scandinavian Journal of Psychology , 33 (2) : 135 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELIAS , A.N. and WILSON , A.F. 1995 . Serum hormonal concentrations following transcendental meditation: potential role of gamma aminobutyric acid . Med. Hypotheses , 44 : 287 – 291 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ENGLER , J. 1984 . Therapeutic aims in psychotherapy and meditation: developmental stages in the representation of self . Journal of Transpersonal Psychology , 16 : 25 – 61 .
   Google Scholar
• EPSTEIN , M. 1990 . Psychodynamics of meditation: pitfalls of the spiritual path . Journal of Transpersonal Psychology , 22 (1) : 17 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• FINN , M. 1992 . “ Transitional space and Tibetan Buddhism: the object relations theory of meditation ” . In Object relations theory and religion: clinical applications , Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• FREUD , S. 1930 . “ Civilisation and its discontents ” . In Complete Psychological Works, Standard Edition , Vol. 21 , London : Hogarth Press .
   Google Scholar
• FROMM , E. 1975 . Self-hypnosis: a new area of research, Psychotherapy: Theory . Research and Practice , 12 : 295 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GELDERLOOS , P. , WALTON , K.G. , ORME-JOHNSON , D.W. and ALEXANDER , C.N. 1991 . Effectiveness of the transcendental meditation in preventing and treating substance misuse: a review . International Journal of Addictions , 26 (3) : 293 – 325 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GLOBUS , G.G. 1980 . On 'I’: the conceptual foundations of responsibility . American Journal of Psychiatry , 137 : 417 – 422 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLEMAN . 1972 . The Buddha on meditation and states of consciousness, Part 2: a topology of meditation techniques . Journal of Transpersonal Psychology , 4 : 151 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• GREGUIRE , J. 1990 . Therapy with the person who meditates diagnosis and treatment strategies . Transactional Analysis Journal , 20 (11) : 60 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• HARTE , J.L. , EIFERT , G.H. and SMITH , R. 1995 . The effects of running and meditation on beta-endorphin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone and cortisol in plasma and on mood . Biological Psychology , 40 (3) : 251 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERZOG , H. 1990 . Changes pattern of regional glucose metabolism during yoga meditative relaxation . Neuropsychology , 23 (4) : 182 – 187 .
   Google Scholar
• HOLMES , D.S. 1985 . To meditate or rest? The answer is rest . American Psychologist , 40 (6) : 725 – 731 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JEVNING , R. , WALLACE , R.K. and BEIDEBACH , M. 1992 . The physiology of meditation: a review. Awakeful hypometabolic integrated response . Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews , 16 : 415 – 424 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JUNG , C.G. 1936 . “ 'Yoga and the West’ and, 'The psychology of Eastern meditation’ ” . In Collected works , Vol. 11 , Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• KABAT-ZINN , J. 1992 . Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders . American Journal of Psychiatry , 149 (7) : 936 – 943 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KABAT-ZINN , J. 1998 . In¯ uence of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention on rates of skin clearing in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy (UVB) and photochemotherapy (PUVA) . Psychosom. Med , 60 (5) : 625 – 632 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAPLAN , K.H. , GOLDENBERG , D.L. and GALVIN-NADEAN , M. 1993 . The impact of a meditation-based stress reduction program on fibromyalgia . General Hospital Psychiatry , 15 (5) : 284 – 289 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELLY , G.A. 1955 . The psychology of personal constructs , New York : Norton .
   Google Scholar
• KESTERSON , J. and CLINCH , N.F. 1989 . Metabolic rate, respiratory exchange ratio and apnoea during meditation . American Journal Physiology , R256 : 632 – 638 .
   Google Scholar
• KOKOSZKA , A. 1990 . Axiological aspects of comparing psychotherapy and meditation . International Journal of Psychosomatics , 37 (1-4) : 78 – 81 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KOKOSZKA , A. 1994 . A rationale for a multilevel model of relaxation . International Journal of Psychosomatics , 41 (1-4) : 4 – 10 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KUTZ , I. , BURYSENKO , J.K. and BENSON , H. 1985a . Meditation and psychotherapy: a rationale for the integration of dynamic psychotherapy, the relaxation response and mindfulness meditation . American Journal of Psychiatry , 142 : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUTZ , I. , LESERMAN , J. , DORRINGTON , C. , MORRISON , C.H. , BORYSENKO , J. and BENSON , H. 1985b . Meditation as an adjunct to psychotherapy, an outcome study . Psychotherapy Psychosomatics , 43 : 209 – 218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LANE , R.D. 1997 . neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust . American Journal of Psychiatry , 154 : 926 – 933 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAZARUS , A.A. and MAYNE , T.J. 1990 . Relaxation: some limitations, side effects and proposed solutions . Psychotherapy , 27 : 261 – 266 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEUSCHITZ , J.K. and HARTMAN , V.L. 1996 . Current psychology: developmental, learning, personality, social . 15 (3) : 215 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• LEVENSTEIN , S. 1996 . Is there health in wellness? (Editorial) . Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology , 23 : 94 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINEHAN , M. 1993 . Cognitive-behavioural treatment of borderline personality disorder , New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• LIU , G.L. , CUI , RONG-QUING , LI , GUO-ZHANG and HUANG , CHI-MANG . 1990 . Changes in brainstem and cortical auditory potentials during Qi-Gong meditation . American Journal of Chinese Medicine , 18 : 95 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOU , H.C. , KJAER , T.W. , FRIBERG , L. , WILDSCHIODTZ , G. , HOLM , S. and NOWAK , M. 1999 . A 150-H20 PET study of meditation and the resting state of normal consciousness . Hum. Brain Map , 7 : 98 – 105 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MASION , A.O. , TEAS , J. , HERBERT , J.R. , WERHEIMER , M.D. and KABAT-ZINN , J. 1995 . Meditation, melatonin and breast/prostate cancer: hypothesis and preliminary data . Medical Hypotheses , 44 : 39 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER , J.J. , FLETCHER , K. and KABAT-ZINN , J. 1995 . Three years follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders . General Hospital Psychiatry , 17 (3) : 192 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORSE , D.R. 1984 . Who benefits from meditation? . International Journal of Psychosomatics , 31 (2) : 2
   Google Scholar
• NARAYAN , R. 1990 . Quantitative evaluation of muscle relaxation induced by kundalini yoga with the help of E.M.G. integrator . Indian Journal Physiological Pharmacology , 34 (4) : 279 – 281 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PANJWANI , U. 1995 . Effect of Sahaja yoga practice on stress management in-patients of epilepsy . Indian Journal Physiological Pharmacology , 39 (2) : 111 – 116 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PEARL , J.H. and CARLOZZI , A.F. 1994 . Effect of meditation on empathy and anxiety, Percept . Motor Skills , 78 (1) : 297 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERSINGER , M.A. 1993 . Transcendental meditation and general meditation are associated with enhanced complex partial epileptic-like signs: evidence for 'cognitive kindling’? . Percept Motor Skills , 76 (1) : 80 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUSSELL , E.W. 1986 . Consciousness and the unconscious: Eastern meditative and Western psychotherapeutic approaches . Journal of Transpersonal Psychology , 18 : 51 – 72 .
   Google Scholar
• SCHELER , M.F. 1992 . Effects of optimism on psychological and physical wellbeing: theoretical and empirical update . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 16 : 201 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHNEIDER , R.H. 1995 . A randomised controlled trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans . Hypertension , 26 (5) : 820 – 827 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHAFFII , M. 1973 . Silence in the service of ego: psychology of meditation . International Journal of Psychoanalysis , 54 : 431 – 443 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHAPIRO , D.H. 1982 . Overview: clinical and physiological comparison of meditation with other self-control strategies . American Journal of Psychiatry , 139 : 267 – 274 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHAPIRO , D.H. 1992 . Adverse effects of meditation: a preliminary investigation of long-term meditators . International Journal of Psychosomatics , 39 : 62 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHAPIRO , D.H. 1994 . Examining the content and context of meditation: a challenge for psychology in the areas of stress management . Psychotherapy and Religion Values , 34 (4) : 101 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• SIM , M.K. and TSOL , W.F. 1992 . The effects of centrally acting drugs on the EEG correlates of meditation . Biofeedback Self-Regulation , 17 (3) : 215 – 220 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SMITH , W.P. , COMPTON , W.C. and WEST , W.B. 1995 . Meditation as an adjunct to a happiness enhancement program . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 51 : 269 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SNAITH , P. 1998 . Meditation and psychotherapy . British Journal of Psychiatry , 173 : 193 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUDSUANG , R. , CHENTANEZ , V. and VELUVAN , K. 1991 . Effect of Buddhist meditation on serum cortisol and total protein levels, blood pressure, pulse rate, lung volume and reaction time . Physiology Behaviour , 50 (3) : 543 – 548 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAYLOR , D.N. 1995 . Effects of a behavioural stress-management program on anxiety, mood, self-esteem and T-cell count in HIV positive men . Psychol Rep , 76 (2) : 451 – 457 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEASDALE , J.D. , SEGAL , Z. and WILLIAMS , M.G. 1995 . How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? . Behaviour Research Therapy , 33 : 25 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TELLES , S. and DESRAJU , T. 1993 . Autonomic changes in Brahmakumaris Raja yoga meditation . International Journal of Psychophysiology , 15 (2) : 147 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TELLES , S. 1994 . Plasticity of motor control systems demonstrated by yoga training . Indian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology , 38 (2) : 143 – 144 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TRAVIS , F.T. and ORME-JOHN , D.W. 1989 . Field model of consciousness: EEG coherence changes as indicators of field effects . International Journal of Neuroscience , 49 : 203 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TYLER CARPENTER , J. 1977 . Meditation, esoteric traditions: contributions to psychotherapy . American Journal of Psychotherapy , : 394 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEST , M.A. 1987 . The psychology of meditation , Oxford : Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• WILSON , A.F. , JEVNING , R. and GUICH , S. 1987 . Marked reduction of forearm carbon dioxide production during states of decreased metabolism . Physiology and Behavior , 41 : 347 – 352 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar