When migrants become ‘the people’: unpacking homeland populism

References

• Adamson, F. B. (2019). Sending states and the making of intra-diasporic politics: Turkey and its diaspora (s). International Migration Review, 53(1), 210–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918318767665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anniste, K. (2011). Eestlaste Väljaränne Soome. Uuringu Kokkuvõte [Estonian Emigration to Finland. Project Overview]. Tartu: Riigikantselei.
   Google Scholar
• Arkilic, A. (2021). Turkish populist nationalism in transnational space: Explaining diaspora voting behavior in homeland elections. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 23(4), 586–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2021.1888599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslantaş, D., & Arslantaş, Ş. (2022). How does clientelism foster electoral dominance? Evidence from Turkey. Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 7(3), 559–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/2057891120920718
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Art, D. (2011). Inside the radical right: The development of anti-immigrant parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Aslanidis, P. (2018). Populism as a collective action master frame for transnational mobilization. Sociological Forum, 33(2), 443–464. https://doi.org/10.1111/socf.12424
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basch, L., Glick Schiller, N., & Szanton-Blanc, C. (2005). Nations unbound: Transnational projects, postcolonial predicaments, and deterritorialized nation-states. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bauböck, R. (2000). European integration and the politics of identity. Austrian Acad. of Sciences, Research Unit for Inst. Change and European Integration, IWE.
   Google Scholar
• Bauböck, R. (2010). Studying citizenship constellations. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(5), 847–859. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691831003764375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauman, Z. (1998). Globalization: The human consequences. Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bauman, Z. (2016). Strangers at our door. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Boccagni, P., & Ramírez, J. (2013). Building democracy or reproducing ‘Ecuadoreanness’? A transnational exploration of Ecuadorian migrants’ external voting. Journal of Latin American Studies, 45(4), 721–750. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X13001181
   Google Scholar
• Braghiroli, S., & Petsinis, V. (2019). Between party-systems and identity-politics: The populist and radical right in Estonia and Latvia. European Politics and Society, 20(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/23745118.2019.1569340
   Google Scholar
• Bruce, B. (2018). Governing Islam abroad: Turkish and Moroccan Muslims in Western Europe. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess, K., & Tyburski, M. D. (2020). When parties go abroad: Explaining patterns of extraterritorial voting. Electoral Studies, 66(August 2020), 102–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carol, S., & Hofheinz, L. (2022). A content analysis of the Friday Sermons of the Turkish-Islamic Union for religious affairs in Germany (DITIB). Politics and Religion, First View, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048321000353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Císař, O., & Weisskircher, M. (2021). Left-Wing social movements between strong European identities and the challenges of transnational activism: The case of DiEM25. In P. Blokker (Ed.), Imagining Europe (pp. 33–57). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Collard, S. (2013). The expatriate vote in the French presidential and legislative elections of 2012: A case of unintended consequences. Parliamentary Affairs, 66(1), 213–233. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gss077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins, J. N. (2014). New left experiences in Bolivia and Ecuador and the challenge to theories of populism. Journal of Latin American Studies, 46(1), 59–86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24544216 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X13001569
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collyer, M. (2014). A geography of extra-territorial citizenship: Explanations of external voting. Migration Studies, 2(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mns008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collyer, M. (2017). Diasporas and transnational citizenship. In A. Shachar, R. Bauböck, I. Bloemraad, & M. Vink (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of citizenship (pp. 576–597). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198805854.013.25.
   Google Scholar
• De Cleen, B. (2017). Populism and nationalism. In R. Kaltwasser C, P. Taggart, P. Ochoa Espejo, & P. Ostiguy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of populism (pp. 342–362). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• De Cleen, B., Moffitt, B., Panayotu, P., & Stavrakakis, Y. (2020). The potentials and difficulties of transnational populism: The case of the democracy in Europe movement 2025 (DiEM25). Political Studies, 68(1), 146–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719847576
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Cleen, B., & Stavrakakis, Y. (2017). Distinctions and articulations: A discourse theoretical framework for the study of populism and nationalism. Javnost-The Public, 24(4), 301–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2017.1330083
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Torre, C., & Mazzoleni, O. (2019). Do We need a minimum definition of populism? An appraisal of Mudde’s conceptualization. Populism, 2(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1163/25888072-02011021
   Google Scholar
• Dinçşahin, Ş. (2012). A symptomatic analysis of the justice and development party's populism in Turkey, 2007–2010. Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics, 47(4), 618–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2012.01377.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EKRE. (2019). Eesti eest! TV ad. Accessed on Youtube www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7R5gUQoY3c, 30.05.2020
   Google Scholar
• Elçi, E. (2019). The rise of populism in Turkey: A content analysis. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 19(3), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2019.1656875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faist, T. (2000). The volume and dynamics of international migration and transnational social spaces. Clarendon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fanoulis, E., & Guerra, S. (2020). Veridiction and leadership in transnational populism: The case of DiEM25. Politics and Governance, 8(1), 217–225. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i1.2539
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finn, V. (2020). Migrant voting: Here, there, in both countries, or nowhere. Citizenship Studies, 24(6), 730–750. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2020.1745154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarnizo, L. E., & Chaudhary, A. R. (2014). Determinants of transnational political engagement among Dominican and Colombian migrants in Southern Europe. University of International Migration Institute, Working Paper WP82. University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Guarnizo, L. E., & Smith, M. P. (1998). The locations of transnationalism. In M. P. Smith, & L. E. Guarnizo (Eds.), Transnationalism from below. Piscataway (pp. 6–34). Transaction Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins, K., Read, M., & Pauwels, T. (2017). Populism and its causes. In R. Kaltwasser C, P. Taggart, P. Ochoa Espejo, & P. Ostiguy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of populism (pp. 267–286). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hutcheson, D. S., & Arrighi, J. T. (2015). Keeping Pandora's (ballot) box half-shut”: a comparative inquiry into the institutional limits of external voting in EU Member States. Democratization, 22(5), 884–905. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.979161
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobson, M.-L. (2017). It all does not matter that much in the European Union’—migrant transnationalism and the transformation of post-communist citizenship discourse. Europe-Asia Studies, 69(5), 754–770. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2017.1340435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobson, M.-L., Saarts, T., & Kalev, L. (2020). Radical right across borders? The case of EKRE’s Finnish branch. In T. Kernalegenn, & E. van Haute (Eds.), Political parties abroad: A New arena for party politics (pp. 21–38). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobson, M.-L., Saarts, T., & Kalev, L. (2021). Institutionalization of transnationalizing political parties: The case of the Conservative People’s Party of Estonia. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-021-00241-5
   Google Scholar
• Joppke, C. (2006). Citizenship between De-and Re-ethnicization. In Y. M. Bodemann, & G. Yurdakul (Eds.), Migration, citizenship, ethnos (pp. 63–91). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Kernalegenn, T., & Pellen, C. (2020). En Marche, French expatriates! The booming emergence of a new political actor among French residents overseas in the 2017 elections. In T. Kernalegenn, & E. van Haute (Eds.), Political parties abroad: A new arena for party politics (pp. 96–104). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kernalegenn, T., & van Haute, E. (2020). Political parties abroad: A new arena for party politics. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kivisto, P., & Faist, T. (2009). Citizenship: Discourse, theory, and transnational prospects. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Kuyper, J., & Moffitt, B. (2020). Transnational populism, democracy, and representation: Pitfalls and potentialities. Global Justice: Theory Practice Rhetoric, 12(02), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.21248/gjn.12.02.208
   Google Scholar
• Laclau, E. (2005). On populist reason. Verso.
   Google Scholar
• Lafleur, J. M. (2013). Transnational politics and the state: The external voting rights of diasporas. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Lafleur, J. M., & Yener-Roderburg, IÖ. (2022). Emigration and the transnationalization of sending states’ welfare regimes. Social Inclusion, 10(1), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i1.4701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitsky, S., & Loxton, J. (2013). Populism and competitive authoritarianism in the Andes. Democratization, 20(1), 107–136. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.738864
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugilde, A. (2007). O voto emigrante: viaxe pola zona escura da democracija Espanola [The emigrant vote: A journey through the dark zone of the Spanish democracy]. Editorial Galaxia.
   Google Scholar
• Lührmann, A., Tannenberg, M., & Lindberg, S. I. (2018). Regimes of the world (RoW): Opening new avenues for the comparative study of political regimes. Politics and Governance, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i1.1214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer, M. (2001). Between theory, method, and politics: Positioning of the approaches to CDA. In R. Wodak, & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis (pp. 14–31). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Moffitt, B. (2016). The global rise of populism: Performance, political style, and representation. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Moffitt, B. (2017). Transnational populism? Representative claims, media and the difficulty of constructing a transnational “people”. Javnost-The Public, 24(4), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2017.1330086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. (2004). The populist zeitgeist. Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics, 39(4), 541–563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2004.00135.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. (2013). Three decades of populist radical right parties in Western Europe: So what? European Journal of Political Research, 52(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2012.02065.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mudde, C. (2017). An ideational approach. In R. Kaltwasser C, P. A. Taggart, P. Ochoa-Espejo, & P. Ostiguy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of populism (pp. 27–47). Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mudde, C., & Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2013). Exclusionary vs. Inclusionary populism: Comparing contemporary Europe and Latin America. Government and Opposition: An International Journal of Comparative Politics, 48(2), 147–174. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2012.11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural backlash: Trump, Brexit, and authoritarian populism. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Öcal, D. K. (2020). “Like the father’s home:” perceived State of the Turkish-Sunni community in Germany. Political Geography, 78(April 2020), 102–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102134
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Østergaard-Nielsen, E. (2003). The politics of migrants’ transnational political practices. International Migration Review, 37(3), 760–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00157.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Østergaard-Nielsen, E., & Ciornei, I. (2019a). Making the absent present: Political parties and emigrant issues in country of origin parliaments. Party Politics, 25(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068817697629
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Østergaard-Nielsen, E., & Ciornei, I. (2019b). Political parties and the transnational mobilisation of the emigrant vote. West European Politics, 42(3), 618–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1528105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panayotu, P. (2017). Towards a Transnational Populism: A Chance for European Democracy (?) The Case of DiEM25. Thessaloniki: POPULISMUS (Working Paper No. 5).
   Google Scholar
• Panayotu, P. (2021). Transnational populism and the European Union: An uneasy alliance? The case of DiEM25. In P. Blokker (Ed.), Imagining Europe (pp. 117–148). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Panizza, F. (2005). Populism and the mirror of democracy. Verso Books.
   Google Scholar
• Pelinka, A. (2013). Right-Wing populism: Concept and typology. In R. Wodak, M. Khosravinik, & B. Mral (Eds.), Right-Wing populism in Europe: Politics and discourse (pp. 3–22). A&C Black.
   Google Scholar
• Perrin, A. (2015). Reductionism and its critics in political science. Contemporary Sociology, 44(6), 759–763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes, S., & Harutyunyan, A. (2010). Extending citizenship to emigrants: Democratic contestation and a new global norm. International Political Science Review, 31(4), 470–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512110374044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramírez, J. P., & Ramírez, F. G. (2005). La estampida migratoria ecuatoriana. Crisis, redes transnacionales y repertorios de acción migratoria. Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD.
   Google Scholar
• Robbins, L. (2016, April 7). Immigrants for Donald Trump? Some in New York show their support. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/08/nyregion/immigrants-for-trump-some-in-new-york-are-showing-theirsupport.html
   Google Scholar
• Rooduijn, M. (2019). State of the field: How to study populism and adjacent topics? A plea for both more and less focus. European Journal of Political Research, 58(1), 362–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruzza, C. (2018). Populism, migration, and xenophobia in Europe. In C. de la Torre (Ed.), Routledge handbook of global populism (pp. 201–216). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Seawright, J., & Gerring, J. (2008). Case selection techniques in case study research: A menu of qualitative and quantitative options. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2), 294–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912907313077
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selçuk, O. (2016). Strong presidents and weak institutions: Populism in Turkey. Venezuela and Ecuador. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16(4), 571–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2016.1242893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, Z. (2017). Hungary Citizenship Plan Reaches 1 Million Mark in Boost for Orban. Bloomberg 18 December 2017. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-18/hungary-citizenship-plan-reaches-1-million-mark-in-orban-boost, Viewed 4 August 2020
   Google Scholar
• Spruyt, B., Keppens, G., & Van Droogenbroeck, F. (2016). Who supports populism and what attracts people to It? Political Research Quarterly, 69(2), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916639138
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stavrakakis, Y. (2017). Discourse theory in populism research: Three challenges and a dilemma. Journal of Language and Politics, 16(4), 523–534. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.17025.sta
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taggart, P. (2000). Populism. Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Taş, H. (2018). A history of Turkey’s AKP-Gülen conflict. Mediterranean Politics, 23(3), 395–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2017.1328766
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turcu, A., & Urbatsch, R. (2020). European ruling parties’ electoral strategies and overseas enfranchisement policies. European Journal of Political Research, 59(2), 269–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turcu, A., & Urbatsch, R. (2022). Is populism popular abroad? Evidence from diasporas around the globe. Party Politics, OnlineFirst. https://doi.org/10.1177/135406882210884
   Google Scholar
• Umpierrez de Reguero, S., & Dandoy, R. (2020). Extending the incumbency presence abroad: The case of MPAIS in Ecuadorian elections. In T. Kernalegenn, & E. van Haute (Eds.), Political parties abroad: A New arena for party politics (pp. 115–132). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Umpierrez de Reguero, S., & Dandoy, R. (2021). Should we go abroad? The strategic entry of Ecuadorian political parties in overseas electoral districts. Representation, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2021.1902850
   Google Scholar
• Umpierrez de Reguero, S. A., Yener-Roderburg, IÖ, & Cartagena, V. (2021). Political regimes and external voting rights: A cross-national comparison. Frontiers in Political Science, 3(636734). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2021.636734
   Google Scholar
• Uued Uudised. (2018). Ad Banner. www.uueduudised.ee. Viewed 28 February 2018
   Google Scholar
• Vertovec, S. (2009). Transnationalism. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wellman, E. I., Allen, N. A., & Nyblade, B. (2022). The extraterritorial voting rights and restrictions dataset (1950–2020). Comparative Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140221115169
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimmer, A., & Glick Schiller, N. (2002). Methodological nationalism and beyond: nation–state building, migration and the social sciences. Global networks, 2(4), 301–334.
   Google Scholar
• Wodak, R. (2017). The “establishment”, the “Élites”, and the “people”: who’s Who? Journal of Language and Politics, 16(4), 551–565. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.17030.wod
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wodak, R., & Krzyżanowski, M. (2017). Right-Wing populism in Europe and USA: Contesting politics and discourse beyond ‘Orbanism’ and ‘Trumpism’. Journal of Language and Politics, 16(4), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlp.17042.krz
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yener-Roderburg, IÖ. (2020). Party organizations across borders: Top-down satellites and bottom-up alliances. The case of AKP and HDP in Germany. In T. Kernalegenn, & E. van Haute (Eds.), Political parties abroad: A new arena for party politics (pp. 218–237). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• YSK (Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey). (2021). Election results between 2002–2018. Retrieved May 17, 2021, from https://sonuc.ysk.gov.tr/sorgu
   Google Scholar