Microblogging, Constituency Service and Impression Management: UK MPs and the Use of Twitter

References

• Auty , C. 2005 . UK Elected Representatives and their Weblogs: First Impressions . Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives , 57 ( 4 ) : 338 – 355 .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , A. and Rush , M. 1970 . The Member of Parliament and his Information , London : Allen and Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• BBC . 2009 . Twitter Hype Punctured by Study . BBC, 9 June. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8089508.stm?lsf (accessed 20 July 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Buck , V. and Cain , B. 1990 . British MPs in their Constituencies . Legislative Studies Quarterly , 15 ( 1 ) : 127 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler , P. and Collins , N. 2001 . Payment on Delivery – Recognising Constituency Service as Political Marketing . European Journal of Marketing , 35 ( 9/10 ) : 1026 – 1037 .
   Google Scholar
• Cain , B. and Ritchie , D. 1982 . Assessing Constituency Involvement: The Hemel Hempstead Experience . Parliamentary Affairs , 35 : 73 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• De Landsteer , C. 2004 . Political Impression Management in Flanders and the Netherlands , Lueven : Acco .
   Google Scholar
• De Landsteer , C. , De Vries , P. and Vertessen , D. 2008 . Political Impression Management: How Metaphors, Sound Bites and Appearance Effectiveness and Personality Traits can Win Elections . Journal of Political Marketing , 7 ( 3/4 ) : 217 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Featherstone , L. 2009 . Politicians and Twitter: Why The Times is Wrong, 10 March . Available from: http://www.lynnefeatherstone.org (accessed 10 March 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Finer , S. , Berrington , H. and Bartholomew , D. 1961 . Backbench Opinion in the House of Commons, 1955–59 , New York : Pergamon .
   Google Scholar
• Francoli , M. and Ward , S. 2008 . 21st Century Soapboxes? MPs and their Blogs . Information Polity , 13 ( 1/2 ) : 21 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Fraser , M. and Dutta , S. 2008 . Obama's Win Means Future Elections must be Fought Online . The Guardian , 7 November. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/nov/07/barackobama-uselections2008 (accessed 2 July 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Goffman , E. 1959 . Presentation of Self in Everyday Life , Garden City, NY : Doubleday Anchor .
   Google Scholar
• Greengard , S. 2009 . The First Internet President . Communications of the ACM , 52 ( 2 ) : 16 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosseck , G. and Holotescu , C. Can We Use Twitter for Educational Activities? . Paper to 4th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Educators . April 17–18 , Bucharest.
   Google Scholar
• Guardian . 2009 . The Guardian newspaper, politics blog of 29 July . Available from: www.guardian.co.uk/politics/blog (accessed 30 July 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Gulati , G. 2004 . Members of Congress and Presentation of Self on the World Wide Web . Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , 9 ( 1 ) : 22 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heal , B. and Piskorski , M. 2009 . New Twitter Research: Men Follow Men and Nobody Tweets . Available from: http://blog.harvardbusiness.org/cs/2009/06/new_twitter_research_men_follo.html (accessed 30 July 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Hoff , J. 2004 . Members of Parliaments' Use of ICT in a Comparative European Perspective . Information Polity , 9 : 5 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Hurden , T. 2009 . Twitter Craze Brings U.S. Politicians Closer to Constituents . Daily Telegraph , Available from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/technology/twitter/4573155/twitter
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , N. 2003 . MPs and Web Technologies: An Untapped Opportunity? . Journal of Public Affairs , 3 ( 2 ) : 124 – 137 .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , N. 2006 . An MP's Role in the Internet Era – The Impact of e-Newsletters . Journal of Legislative Studies , 12 ( 2 ) : 223 – 242 .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , N. 2008 . Representation in the Blogosphere: MPs and their New Constituents . Parliamentary Affairs , 61 ( 4 ) : 642 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , N. and Lilleker , D. 2004 . Just Public Relations or an Attempt at Interaction: British MPs in the Press, on the Web and ‘in yer face’ . European Journal of Communication , 19 ( 4 ) : 507 – 534 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson , N. and Lilleker , D. 2009 . MPs and E-representation: Me, MySpace and I . British Politics , 4 ( 2 ) : 236 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Java , A. , Fini , I. , Song , Y. and Tseng , B. Why We Twitter: Understanding Microblogging Usage and Communities . Proceedings of the 9th WEBKDD and 1st SNA-KDD Workshop . August 12 , San Jose, CA. pp. 56 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , L. 2007 . Member of the Twittering Classes . The Guardian , 15 May. Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/may/17/guardianweeklytechnologysection.socialnetworking (accessed 30 July 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Jones , E. and Pittman , T. 1982 . “ Toward a General Theory of Strategic Self-presentation ” . In Psychological Perspective on Self , Edited by: Suls , J. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum . 231–262
   Google Scholar
• Krishnamurthy , B. , Gill , P. and Arlitt , M. 2008 . A Few Chirps About Twitter . WOSN'08 , 18 August
   Google Scholar
• Labour Party News . 2009 . Labour MPs to Start Tweeting . Labour Party Press Release, 5 February
   Google Scholar
• Leary , M. and Kowalski , R. 1990 . Impression Management: A Literature Review and Two-Component Model . Psychological Bulletin , 107 ( 91 ) : 34 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Lilleker , D. G. 2006 . “ Local Political Marketing: Political Marketing as Public Service ” . In The Marketing of Political Parties: Political Marketing at the 2005 British General Election , Edited by: Lilleker , D. G. , Jackson , N. and Scullion , R. 206 – 230 . Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lilleker , D. G. 2008 . “ Shifting Cognitive Gears: Exploring the Boundary between Citizen and Consumer ” . In Voters or Consumers: Imagining the Contemporary Electorate , Edited by: Lilleker , D. G. and Scullion , R. 186 – 208 . Newcastle : Cambridge Scholarly Press .
   Google Scholar
• McGiboney , R. 2009 . Twitter's Tweet Smell of Success . Nielsen Online , Available from: http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/twitters-tweet-smell-of-success/ (accessed 20 July 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Mischand , E. 2007 . Twitter Expressions of Whole Self: An Investigation into User Appropriation of a Web Based Communications Platform . Unpublished MSc thesis. Department of Media and Communications, LSE, September, published as part of Media and LSE Electronic Dissertation series, Seattle, WA
   Google Scholar
• Negrine , R. and Lilleker , D. 2003 . The Professionalisation of Media-based Campaigning in Britain 1966–2001: The Rise of a Proactive Media Strategy . Journalism Studies , 4 ( 2 ) : 199 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , P. 1997 . The Puzzle of Constituency Service . The Journal of Legislative Studies , 3 ( 2 ) : 29 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Norton , P. 1994 . The Growth of the Constituency Role of the MP . Parliamentary Affairs , 47 ( 4 ) : 705 – 720 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton , P. Parliament and the Citizen in the UK . Paper presented to Political Studies Association Conference . April . Lincoln University .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenfeld , P. , Giacalone , R. and Riordan , C. 1995 . Impression Management in Organisations: Theory, Measurement, Practice , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Rush , M. Pushing Back the Constituency Role: Exploring the Representation of Constituents' Interests by British MPs . Paper presented to Sixth Workshop of Parliamentary Scholars and Parliamentarians . Wroxton College, 31 July–1 August
   Google Scholar
• Schneider , D. 1981 . “ Tactical Self-presentations: Towards a Broader Conception ” . In Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research , Edited by: Tedeschi , J. New York : Academic Press . 23–40
   Google Scholar
• Schutz , A. 1997 . Self-presentational Tactics of Talk-Show Guests: A Comparison of Politicians, Experts and Entertainers . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 27 ( 21 ) : 1941 – 1952 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searing , D. 1985 . The Role of the Good Constituency Member and the Practice of Representation in Great Britain . Journal of Politics , 47 : 348 – 381 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Searing , D. 1994 . Westminster's World: Understanding Political Roles , London : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , V. and Vinnicombe , S. 2001 . Impression Management, Commitment and Gender: Managers' Good Opinions . European Management Journal , 19 ( 2 ) : 183 – 194 .
   Google Scholar
• Stanyer , J. 2008 . Elected Representatives, Online Self-preservation and the Personal Vote: Party, Personality and Webstyles in the United States and the United Kingdom . Information, Communication and Society , 11 ( 30 ) : 414 – 432 .
   Google Scholar
• Stanyer , J. and Wring , D. 2004 . Public Lives, Public Images: An Introduction . Parliamentary Affairs , 57 ( 10 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Stevens , V. 2008 . Trial by Twitter: The Rise and Slide of the Years' Most Viral Microblogging Platform . TESL-EJ , 12 ( 1 ) Available from: http://www.tesl-ej.org/ej45/int.html (accessed 20 July 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Stirland , S. 2008 . Propelled by Internet, Barack Obama Wins Presidency . Wired Magazine , 4 November. Available from: http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2008/11/propelled-by-in/ (accessed 16 June 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Sylvester , R. 2009 . Politicians Twitter while the Country Burns . Times Online , 10 March. Available from: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/rachel_sylvester/articles587731 (accessed 22 July 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Tetlock , P. and Manstead , A. 1985 . Impression Management versus Intrapsychic Explanations in Social Psychology: A Useful Dichotomy? . Psychological Review , 92 ( 1 ) : 59 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , K. and Luthans , F. 1983 . “ Behavioural Interpretation of Power ” . In Organisational Influence Processes , Edited by: Allen , R. and Porter , L. Glenview, IL : Scott Foresman . 319–344
   Google Scholar
• Utz , S. 2009 . The (Potential) Benefits of Campaigning via Social Network Sites . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , 14 : 221 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , S. and Gibson , R. 1998 . “ The First Internet Revolution? United Kingdom Political Parties and Campaigning in Cyberspace ” . In Political Communication: Why Labour Won the Election of 1997 , Edited by: Crewe , I. , Gosschalk , B. and Bartle , J. 93 – 112 . London : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Ward , S. and Lusoli , W. 2005 . From Weird to Wired: MPs, the Internet and Representative Politics in the UK . The Journal of Legislative Studies , 11 ( 1 ) : 57 – 81 .
   Google Scholar