The social construction of higher grade physical education: the impact on teacher curriculum decision‐making

References

• APPLE MW (1982) Curricular form and the logic of technical control: building the possessive individual in: M.W. APPLE (Ed.) Cultural and Economic Reproduction in Education: Essays on Class, Ideology and the State (London, Routledge & Kegan Paul)
   Google Scholar
• ARMOUR K JONES RL (1998) Physical Education Teachers' Lives and Careers: PE, Sport and Educational Status (London, Falmer Press)
   Google Scholar
• AYLETT , S . (1990) . Is GCSE the cross roads for PE? . British Journal of Physical Education , 21 : pp. 333–337
   Google Scholar
• BERNSTEIN B (1990) The Structuring of Pedagogic Discourse, Volume IV: Class, Codes And Control (London, Routledge)
   Google Scholar
• BREWER B SHARP B (1999) Physical education in: T.G.K. BRYCE & W.M. HUMES (Eds) Scottish Education (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• BROOKER , R and MACDONALD , D . (1999) . Did we hear you? Issues of student voice in a curriculum innovation . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 31 : pp. 83–97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROWN S (1992) Raising standards: factors influencing the effectiveness of innovations in: S. BROWN & A. MCPHERSON (Eds) Critical Reflections on Curriculum Policy (West Lothian, SCRE)
   Google Scholar
• BRYCE T (1999) Could do better? Assessment in Scottish schools in: T.G.K. BRYCE & W.M. HUMES (Eds) Scottish Education (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• CAIRNEY , J . (1999) . Some thoughts on policy making and the changing status of physical education . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 26 (3) : pp. 29–30
   Google Scholar
• CARROLL , B . (1982) . Examinations and curriculum change in physical education . Physical, Education Review , 5 (1) : pp. 26–36
   Google Scholar
• CARROLL , B . (1983) . National criteria for physical education examinations at 16+ . Bulletin of Physical Education , 19 (3) : pp. 25–34
   Google Scholar
• CARROLL , B . (1991) . Assessment in the national curriculum: what the teacher has to do . British Journal of Physical Education , 22 (1) : pp. 8–10
   Google Scholar
• CHERRIE , K . (1993) . Physical education in S5 and S6 . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 21 (2) : pp. 21–22
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CURTNER‐SMITH , MD . (1999) . The more things change the more they stay the same: factors influencing teachers' interpretations and delivery of national curriculum physical education . Sport, Education and Society , 4 (1) : pp. 75–97
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DYSON , BP . (1995) . Students' voices in two alternative elementary physical education programs . Journal of Teaching in Physical Education , 14 (4) : pp. 394–407
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EVANS , J , DAVIES , B and PENNEY , D . (1996) . Teachers, teaching and the social construction of gender relations . Sport, Education and Society , 1 (2) : pp. 165–183
   Google Scholar
• FISHER , S . (1991) . Justifying, promoting and establishing qualifications in physical education . Bulletin of Physical Education , 27 (2) : pp. 25–30
   Google Scholar
• FLINTOFF , A . (1991) . Equal opportunities and practical assessment in examination PE: Part 2 . British Journal of Physical Education , 22 (1) : pp. 35–37
   Google Scholar
• FORSYTH , S . (1994) . Thoughts on the first year of Higher Grade Physical Education . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 22 (3) : pp. 5–11
   Google Scholar
• FRANCIS , J . (1992) . The growth, development and future of PE and sport studies at advanced level . British Journal of Physical Education , 23 (1) : pp. 35–37
   Google Scholar
• FRANCIS , J and MERRICK , I . (1994) . The future for advanced level GCE physical education and sport studies . British Journal of Physical Education , 25 (3) : pp. 13–16
   Google Scholar
• FRY , JM . (1997) . Dealing with the powers that be . Sport, Education and Society , 2 (2) : pp. 141–162
   Google Scholar
• FULLAN M (1982) The Meaning of Educational Change (New York, Teachers College Press)
   Google Scholar
• GATHERER B (1999) Scottish teachers in: T.G.K. BRYCE & W.M. HUMES (Eds) Scottish Education (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• GATHERER WA (1989) Curriculum Development in Scotland (Edinburgh, Scottish Academic Press)
   Google Scholar
• GAVIN T (1999) The structure of the secondary curriculum in: T.G.K. Bryce & W.M. Humes (Eds) Scottish Education (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• GOODSON, I. (Ed.) (1985) Social Histories of the Secondary Curriculum: Subjects for Study (London, Falmer Press)
   Google Scholar
• GOODSON , I . (1990) . Studying curriculum: towards a social constructionist perspective . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 22 : pp. 299–312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREEN , K . (2001) . Examinations in physical education: a sociological perspective on a ‘new orthodoxy’ . British Journal of sociology of Education , 22 (1) : pp. 51–73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GREEN K SCRATON S (1998) Gender, coeducation and secondary physical education: the challenge for teacher educators in: K. GREEN & K. HARDMAN (Eds) Physical Education: A Reader (Oxford, Meyer & Meyer Sport)
   Google Scholar
• HARGREAVES A (1994) Changing Teachers, Changing Times: Teachers' Work and Culture in the Postmodern Age (London, Cassell)
   Google Scholar
• HARGREAVES, A., EVANS, R. (Eds) (1997) Beyond Educational Reform: Bringing Teachers Back In (Buckingham, Open University Press)
   Google Scholar
• HENDRY L (1978) School, Sport and Leisure: Three Dimensions of Adolescence (London, Lepus Books)
   Google Scholar
• ILEA (1988) My Favourite Subject, a Report on Physical Education and School Sports for Inner London (London, ILEA)
   Google Scholar
• KANE JE (1974) Physical Education in Secondary Schools: Schools Council Research Studies (Basingstoke, Macmillan)
   Google Scholar
• KIRK D (1987) Researching the teacher's world: a case study of teacher‐initiated innovation Unpublished PhD thesis, Loughborough University
   Google Scholar
• KIRK , D . (1988a) . Ideology and school‐centred innovation: a case study and a critique . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 20 : pp. 449–464
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIRK D (1988b) Physical Education and Curriculum Study (London, Croom Helm)
   Google Scholar
• KIRK , D . (1990) . School knowledge and the curriculum package‐as‐text . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 22 : pp. 409–425
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIRK D (1992) Defining Physical Education: The Social Construction of a School Subject in Postwar Britain. Studies in Curriculum History Series: 18 (London, Falmer Press)
   Google Scholar
• KIRK , D . (1998) . Educational reform, physical culture and the crisis of legitimation in physical education . Discourse , 19 (1) : pp. 101–112
   Google Scholar
• KIRK , D and MACDONALD , D . (2001) . Teacher voice and ownership of curriculum change . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 33 : pp. 551–568
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINES , G . (1992) . The management of innovation and change: the head of department's role and function in National Curriculum implementation . British Journal of Physical Education , 23 (3) : pp. 18–20
   Google Scholar
• LITTLE JW (1992) Teacher development and the educational policy in: M. FULLAN & A. HARGREAVES (Eds) Teacher Development and Educational Change (London, Falmer Press)
   Google Scholar
• LOBBAN , D . (1994) . Thoughts on the first year of higher grade physical education . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 22 (3) : pp. 16–21
   Google Scholar
• MACCORQUODALE , A . (1993) . Physical education in S5 and S6 . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 21 (2) : pp. 22–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MACLEOD D (1992) A study of Standard Grade Physical Education as a process of curriculum development Unpublished MEd dissertation, University of Stirling
   Google Scholar
• MACPHAIL A (2001) The social construction of Higher Grade Physical Education: teacher curriculum decision making and pupil subject choice Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Glasgow
   Google Scholar
• MACPHAIL , A . (2002) . Subject choice in Scottish secondary school physical education: Higher Grade Physical Education . European Physical, Education Review , 8 (3) : pp. 311–332
   Google Scholar
• MCFARLANE , J . (1993) . Physical education in S5 and S6 . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 21 (2) : pp. 24–27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCINTYRE D (1985) A school‐based development in: S. Brown & P. Munn (Eds) The Changing Face of Education 14 to 16 Curriculum and Assessment (Windsor, Nfer–Nelson)
   Google Scholar
• MCNAMEE , M . (1990) . Assessment and attainment: physical education and the national curriculum . British Journal of Physical Education , 21 (1) : pp. 233–235
   Google Scholar
• MUIR , R . (1994) . Thoughts on the first year of Higher Grade Physical Education . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 22 (3) : pp. 11–16
   Google Scholar
• NIVEN G (1998a) A study of Higher Grade Physical Education as a process of curriculum development Unpublished MEd dissertation, University of Stirling
   Google Scholar
• NIVEN , G . (1998b) . The process of developing the higher grade course in physical education . Scottish Journal of Physical Education , 26 (2) : pp. 14–21
   Google Scholar
• NUTT G CLARKE G (2002) The hidden curriculum and the changing nature of teachers' work in: A. LAKER (Ed.) The Sociology of Sport and Physical Education: An Introductory Reader (London, Routledge/Falmer)
   Google Scholar
• PAECHTER C (2000) Changing School Subjects: Power, Gender and Curriculum (Buckingham, Open University Press)
   Google Scholar
• PEA (1987) Report of a Commission of Enquiry: Physical Education in Schools (London, Physical Education Association of England and Northern Ireland)
   Google Scholar
• PENNEY , D and CHANDLER , T . (2000) . Physical education: what future(s)? . Sport, Education and Society , 5 : pp. 71–87
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PENNEY D EVANS J (1999) Politics, Policy and Practice in Physical Education (London, E & FN Spon)
   Google Scholar
• PENNEY D KIRK D (1998) Evaluation of the Trial‐Pilot Senior Syllabus in Physical Education in Queensland Secondary Schools (Queensland, Board of Senior Secondary School Studies)
   Google Scholar
• REID A (1998) Knowledge, practice and theory in physical education in: K. GREEN & K. HARDMAN (Eds) Physical Education: A Reader (Oxford, Meyer & Meyer Sport)
   Google Scholar
• ROSS H (1999) The Scottish Consultative Council on the Curriculum (SCCC), in: T.G. K. BRYCE & W.M. HUMES (Eds) Scottish Education (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press)
   Google Scholar
• SCPE (1982) Occasional Bulletins from the Subject Committees: Examinations in Physical Education and Related Areas (London, Schools Council)
   Google Scholar
• SEB (1993) Arrangements in Physical Education: Scottish Certificate of Education Higher Grade (Dalkeith, SEB)
   Google Scholar
• SHARP B (1991a) Physical education in Scottish secondary schools (Part one) Scottish Journal of Physical Education 19 (1) pp. 10–15
   Google Scholar
• SHARP B (1991b) Physical education in Scottish secondary schools (Part two) Scottish Journal of Physical Education 19 (1) pp. 8–13
   Google Scholar
• SOED (1994) Higher Still: Opportunity for All (Edinburgh, The Scottish Office)
   Google Scholar
• SPARKES AC (1990a) Curriculum change and physical education: towards a micropolitical understanding Deakin University, School of Education Open Campus Program (Geelong, Victoria, Deakin University Press)
   Google Scholar
• SPARKES AC (1990b) Winners, losers and the myth of rational change in physical education: towards an understanding of interests and power in innovation in: D. KIRK & R. TINNING (Eds) Physical Education, Curriculum and Culture (London, Falmer Press)
   Google Scholar
• SPARKES AC (1991a) Curriculum change: on gaining a sense of perspective in: N. ARMSTRONG & A. SPARKES (Eds) Issues in Physical Education (London, Cassell)
   Google Scholar
• SPARKES AC (1991b) Exploring the subjective dimension of curriculum change in: N. ARMSTRONG & A. SPARKES (Eds) Issues in Physical Education (London, Cassell)
   Google Scholar
• SPARKES AC TEMPLIN T (1992) Life histories and physical education teachers: exploring the meanings of marginality in: A. SPARKES (Ed.) Research in Physical Education and Sport: Exploring Alternative Visions (Lewes, Falmer Press)
   Google Scholar
• SPARKES , AC , TEMPLIN , TJ and SCHEMPP , PG . (1993) . Exploring dimensions of marginality: reflecting on the life histories of physical education teachers . Journal of Teaching in Physical Education , 12 : pp. 386–398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPILLANE , JP . (1999) . External reform initiatives and teachers' efforts to reconstruct their practice: the mediating role of teachers' zones of enactment . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 31 : pp. 143–176
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNDERWOOD GL (1983) The Physical Education Curriculum in the Secondary School: Planning and Implementation (Sussex, Falmer Press)
   Google Scholar
• WALTERS , D . (1991) . A theoretical analysis of G.C.S.E. physical education practical assessment criteria . British Journal of Physical Education , 22 (1) : pp. 23–26
   Google Scholar
• WHITTY G (1985) Sociology and School Knowledge: Curriculum Theory, Research and Politics (London, Methuen)
   Google Scholar
• YOUNG M (1971) Knowledge and Control: New Directions for the Sociology of Education (London, Collier Macmillan)
   Google Scholar