Cognitive affordances in sustainable urbanism: contributions of space syntax and spatial cognition

References

• Alexander, C. 1964. Notes of the Synthesis of Form. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Altman, I., and B. Rogoff. 1987. “World Views in Psychology: Trait, Transactional, Organismic and Transactional Perspectives.” In Handbook of Environmental Psychology. vol. 1, edited by D. Stokols and I. Altman. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Barthel, S., and C. Isendahl. 2013. “Urban Gardens, Agricultures and Waters: Sources of Resilience for Long-Term Food Security in Cities.” Ecological Economics 86: 224–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batty, M. 2013. The New Science of Cities. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Benevolo, L. 1968. The Origins of Modern Town Planning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bragg, E. A. 1996. “Towards Ecological Self: Deep Ecology Meets Constructionist Self-Theory.” Journal of Environmental Psychology 16 (2): 93–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bratman, G. N., G. C. Daily, B. J. Levy, and J. J. Gross. 2015. “The Benefits of Nature Experience: Improved Affect and Cognition.” Landscape and Urban Planning 138: 41–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. S., A. Collins, and P. Duguid. 1989. “Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning.” Educational Researcher 18 (1) ( January 1): 32–42. doi:10.3102/0013189X018001032. http://edr.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.3102/0013189X018001032.
   Google Scholar
• Chawla, L. 1999. “Life Paths into Effective Environmental Action.” The Journal of Environmental Education 31 (1): 15–26.10.1080/00958969909598628
   Google Scholar
• Chawla, L. 2007. “Childhood Experiences Associated with Care for the Natural World : A Theoretical Framework for Empirical Results.” Children, Youth and the Environments 17 (4).
   Google Scholar
• Chemero, A. 2003. “An Outline of a Theory of Affordances.” Ecological Psychology 15 (2) (April): 181–195. doi:10.1207/S15326969ECO1502_5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cities European Council of Town Planners. 1998. “The New Charter of Athens.” ECTP, Lisbon. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:NEW+CHARTER+OF+ATHENS#2.
   Google Scholar
• Conroy Dalton, R. 2005. “Space Syntax and Spatial Cognition.” World Architecture 185 (41–47): 107–111.
   Google Scholar
• Durning, S. J, and A. R Artino. 2011. “Situativity Theory: A Perspective on How Participants and the Environment Can Interact: AMEE Guide No. 52.” Medical Teacher 33 (3) (January): 188–199. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2011.550965. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21345059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Union. 2010. “Toledo Informal Ministerial Meeting on Urban Development Declaration.” 22 June 2010, Toledo.
   Google Scholar
• Folke, C., Å. Jansson, J. Larsson, and R. Costanza. 1997. “Ecosystem by Cities Appropriation.” Ambio 26 (3): 167–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folke, C., Å. Jansson, J. Rockström, P. Olsson, S. R. Carpenter, F. S. Chapin, A.-S. Crépin et al. 2011. “Reconnecting to the Biosphere.” Ambio 40 (7) ( October 6): 719–738. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0184-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner, H. 1983. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. J. 1977. “The Theory of Affordances.” In Perceiving, Acting, and Knowing, edited by R. Shaw and J. Bransford, 67–82. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. J. 1979. The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Giusti, M., S. Barthel, and L. Marcus. 2014. “Nature Routines and Affinity with the Biosphere: A Case Study of Preschool Children in Stockholm.” Children, Youth and Environments 24 (3): 16–42.
   Google Scholar
• Goffman, E. 1963. Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. New York, NY: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, E. B. 1981. “The Ecology of JJ Gibson’s Perception.” Leonardo 14 (3): 191–195.10.2307/1574269
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greeno, J. G. 1994. “Gibson's Affordances.” Psychological Review 101 (2): 336–342.10.1037/0033-295X.101.2.336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grove, J. M. 2009. “Principles of Ecosystem Stewardship.” Edited by Carl Folke, G. P. Kofinas, and F. Stuart Chapin, 281–294. New York, NY: Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73033-2. http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-0-387-73033-2.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson, J. 2000. “Urban Transformations: A History of Design Ideas.” Urban Design International. 5: 97–122.
   Google Scholar
• Hartig, T., R. Mitchell, S. de Vries, and H. Frumkin. 2014. “Nature and Health.” Annual Review of Public Health 35: 207–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier, B. 1996. Space is the Machine. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hillier, B. 2003. “The Architectures of Seeing and Going: Or, Are Cities Shaped by Bodies or Minds? And Is there a Syntax of Spatial Cognition?” In Proceedings of the Fourth International Space Syntax Symposium, edited by J. Hanson. London: UCL.
   Google Scholar
• Hillier, B. 2012. “Studying Cities to Learn about Minds: Some Possible Implications of Space Syntax for Spatial Cognition.” Environment and Planning B 39 (1): 12–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier, B., and J. Hanson. 1984. The Social Logic of Space. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511597237
   Google Scholar
• Kahn Jr, P. H. 2002. “Children’s Affiliations with Nature: Structure, Development, and the Problem of Environmental Generational Amnesia.” In Children and Nature, edited by P. H. Kahn Jr and S. R. Kellert, 93–116. MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kaiser, F. G., A. Brügger, T. Hartig, et al. 2014. “Appreciation of nature and appreciation of environmental protection: How stable are these attitudes and which comes first?” Revue européenne de psychologie appliquée 64: 269–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karimi, K., L. Vaughan, K. Sailer, G. Palaiologou, and T. Bolton (Eds). 2015. Proceedings of the 10th International Space Syntax Symposium. London: UCL.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., H. Park, and K. Seo (Eds). 2013. Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Seoul: Sejong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kellert, S. R., and E. O. Wilson. 1993. The Biophilia Hypothesis, edited by S. R. Kellert and E. O. Wilson. Washington, DC: Island Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelman, A. 2003. A River and Its City: The Nature of Landscape in New Orleans. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kozma, R. 2003. “External and Internal Representations in Multimedia Learning: The Material Features of Multiple Representations and their Cognitive and Social Affordances for Science Understanding.” Learning and Instruction 13 (2): 205–226. doi:10.1016/S0959-4752(02)00021-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Corbusier. 1943. La Charte d’Athenes. Paris: Plon.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, B. B., R. A. Fuller, R. Bush, K. J. Gaston, and D. F. Shanahan. 2014. “Opportunity or Orientation? Who Uses Urban Parks and Why.” PLoS ONE 9 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, K. 1960. The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marcus, L. 2015. “Ecological Space and Cognitive Geometry—Linking Humans and Environment in Space Syntax Theory.” 10th International Space Syntax Symposium, London, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Meadows, D. 2008. Thinking in Systems. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Metzger, J. 2013. “The Subject of Place: Staying with the Trouble.” In Emergent Urbanism: Urban Planning & Design in times of Structural and Systemic Change, edited by T. Haas and K. Olsson. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
   Google Scholar
• Mifflin Rapoport, A., 1977. Human Aspects of Urban Form: Towards a Man-Environment Approach to Urban Form and Design. Oxford, UK: Pegamon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, J. R. 2005. “Biodiversity Conservation and the Extinction of Experience.” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20 (8): 430–434. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2005.05.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naveh, Z. 2000. “What is Holistic Landscape Ecology? A Conceptual Introduction.” Landscape and Urban Planning 50 (1-3) (August): 7–26. doi:10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00077-3. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204600000773.
   Google Scholar
• Norman, D. A. 1988. “The Design of Everyday Things.” http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:the+design+of+everyday+think#0.
   Google Scholar
• Orr, D. W. 1993. “Architecture as Pedagogy.” Conservation Biology 7 (2) (June): 226–228. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.011003597.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr, D. W. 1997. “Architecture and Pedagogy II.” Conservation Biology 11 (3) (February): 597–600. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6908111.10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.011003597.x
   Google Scholar
• Pavia, R. 2012. Eco-Logics. Trento, Italy: LISt Lab Laboratorio.
   Google Scholar
• Portugali, J. 2011. Complexity, Cognition and the City. Heidelberg: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Pyle, R. M. 1993. The Thunder Tree: Lessons from an Urban Wildland. Boston, MA: Houghton
   Google Scholar
• Rees, W., and M. Wackernagel. 2008. “Urban Ecological Footprints: Why Cities Cannot Be Sustainable—And Why They Are a Key to Sustainability.” Urban Ecology 9255 (96): 223–248. http://www.springerlink.com/index/w461gq763gq2q83j.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Samways, M. J. 2007. “Rescuing the Extinction of Experience.” Biodiversity and Conservation 16 (7): 1995–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soga, M., Y. Yamaura, T. Aikoh, Y. Shoji, T. Kubo, and K. J. Gaston. 2015. “Reducing the Extinction of Experience: Association between Urban Form and Recreational Use of Public Greenspace.” Landscape and Urban Planning 143: 69–75. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.003. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169204615001280.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ståhle, A., L. Marcus, and A. Karlström. 2005. “Place Syntax - A Space Syntax Approach to Accessibility”. Proceedings of the 5th International Space Syntax Symposium, edited by A. van Nes, 131–139. Delft: T.U. Delft.
   Google Scholar
• Tolman, E. C. 1948. “Cognitive Maps in Rats and Men.” Psychological Review 55 (4) (July): 189–208. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18870876.10.1037/h0061626
   Google Scholar
• Tuan, Y. F. 1977. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
   Google Scholar
• UNSDSN. 2013. “Why the World Needs an Urban Sustainable Development Goal.” http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/130918-SDSN-Why-the-World-Needs-an-Urban-SDG-rev-1310291.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vining, J. 2003. “The Connection to Other Animals and Caring for Nature.” Human Ecology Review 10: 87–99. doi:10.2307/3802153.
   Google Scholar
• Vining, J., M. S. Merrick, and E. A. Price. 2008. “The Distinction between Humans and Nature: Human Perceptions of Connectedness to Nature and Elements of the Natural and Unnatural.” Human Ecology Review 15 (1): 1–11. http://biophiliccities.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/DistinctionBetweenHumansNature.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Wells, N. M, and K. S Lekies. 2006. “Nature and the Life Course : Pathways from Childhood Nature Experiences to Adult Environmentalism.” Children, Youth and Environments 16 (1): 1–25.
   Google Scholar