MADYMO reconstruction of a real-world collision between a vehicle and cyclist

References

• Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine . 1990 . The Abbreviated Injury Scale – 1990 Revision , Des Plains, IL : Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine .
   Google Scholar
• Adamec , J. and Schonpflug , M. . The pedestrian kinematics variation due to different initial pedestrian positions and braking conditions . 4th European MADYMO User Conference . Brussels, Belgium.
   Google Scholar
• Baumgartner , D. , Marjoux , D. , Willinger , R. , Carter , E. , Neal-Sturgess , C. , Guerra , L. , Martinez , L. , Hermann , K. and Hardy , R. . Pedestrian safety enhancement using numerical methods . 20th ESV (International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles) .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , E. 2005 . Definition of vehicle and pedestrian/cyclist impact conditions , University of Birmingham . Technical Report, APROSYS (Integrated Project on Advanced Protection Systems)
   Google Scholar
• Carter , E. 2005 . Definition of vehicle and pedestrian/cyclist impact conditions UK National epidemiological studies on pedestrian and cyclist accidents , University of Birmingham . Technical Report, APROSYS (Integrated Project on Advanced Protection Systems)
   Google Scholar
• Carter , E. L. , Neal-Sturgess , C. and Hardy , R. 2008 . APROSYS in-depth database of serious pedestrian and cyclist road traumas . Int. J. Crashworthiness , 13 ( 6 ) : 629 – 642 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coley , G. , de Lange , R. , de Olivera , P. , Neal-Sturgess , C. E. and Happee , R. 2001 . Pedestrian human body validation using real-world accidents , Isle of Man, , UK : International Research Council On the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI), Chalmers University of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Geddes , J. F. , Hackshaw , A. K. , Vowles , G. H. , Nickols , C. D. and Whitwell , H. L. 2001 . Neuropathology of inflicted head injury in children: I. Patterns of brain damage . Brain , 124 ( 7 ) : 1290 – 1298 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ishikawa , H. , Kajzer , J. and Schroeder , G. . Computer simulation of impact response of the human body in car-pedestrian accidents . 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference . San Antonio, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Janssen , E. G. and Wismans , J. . Experimental and mathematical simulation of pedestrian–vehicle and cyclist–vehicle accidents . 10th ESV (International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles) . Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Liu , X. and Yang , J. K. 2001 . Development of child pedestrian mathematical models and evaluation with accident reconstructions , Isle of Man, , UK : IRCOBI, Chalmers University of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Maki , T. , Kajzer , J. , Mizuno , K. and Sekine , Y. 2003 . Comparative analysis of vehicle–bicyclist and vehicle–pedestrian accidents in Japan . Accid. Anal. Prev. , 35 : 927 – 940 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margulies , S. S. and Thibault , L. E. 1992 . A proposed tolerance criterion for diffuse axonal injury in man . J. Biomech. , 25 ( 8 ) : 917 – 923 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NHTSA, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, U. S. Department of Transportation . 1998 . Available at http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title49/49cfr571_main_02.tpl
   Google Scholar
• Prasad , P. and Mertz , H. J. 1985 . Position of the US delegation to the ISO Working Group 6 on the use of HIC in the automotive environment , Washington, DC : Government/Industry Meeting & Exposition – Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) .
   Google Scholar
• Sadler , D. W. 1999 . Head injury , Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Dundee .
   Google Scholar
• TNO . 2003 . MADYMO V6.1 Theory Manual , Delft, , The Netherlands : TNO Automotive .
   Google Scholar
• Wismans , J. 2001 . “ Part V – crashworthiness biomechanics ” . In Crashworthiness , Edited by: Ambrosio , J. A. C. Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , J. K. 1997 . Injury biomechanics in car–pedestrian collisions , Goteborg, , Sweden : Department of Injury Prevention, Chalmers University of Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , J. K. , Lovsund , P. , Cavallero , C. and Bonnoit , J. 2000 . A human body 3D mathematical model for simulation of car–pedestrian impacts . Crash Prev. Inj. Control. , 2 ( 2 ) : 131 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Yao , J. , Yang , J. , Otte , D. and Fredriksson , R. 2005 . Reconstruction of head to bonnet top impact in child pedestrian to passenger car crash , Prague, Czech Republic : IRCOBI .
   Google Scholar