- Doll R, Hill AB. Lung cancer and other causes of death in relation to smoking. Br Med J 1956; 2: 1071-6.
- Siegel M. Smoking and leukemia: evaluation of a causal hypothesis . Am J Epidemiology 1993; 138: 1-9.
- Calle EE, Miracle-McMahil l HL, Thun MJ, et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of fatal breast cancer. Am J Epidemiology 1994; 139: 1001- 7.
- US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Smoking and health: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US GPO; 1979. (DHEW publication no. (PHS) 79-50066).
- Adams JD, O'Mara-Adams KJ, Hoffmann D. Toxic and carcinogeni c agents in undiluted mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke of different types of cigarettes . Carcinogenesi s 1987; 8: 729-31.
- Iwase A, Aiba M, Kira S. Respiratory nicotine absorption in non-smoking females during passive smoking. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1991; 63: 139-43.
- Tuncel N, Aydin Y, Tikiz H. The effect of three products of cigarette smoke (cyanide, thiocyanat e and nicotine) on the concentration-respons e curves of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine , norepinephrin e and epinephrine in the isolated human umbilical veins and arteries. Pharmacol Toxicol 1994; 74: 84-8.
- Cross CE, O'Neill CA, Reznick AZ, et al. Cigarette smoke oxidation of human plasma constituents . Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993; 686: 72-89.
- Allard JP, Royall D, Kurian R, et al. Effects of beta-caroten e supplementatio n on lipid peroxidation in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 884-90.
- Blann AD, McCollum CN. Adverse influence of cigarette smoking on the endothelium. Thromb Haemost 1993; 70: 707-11.
- Wewers MD, Herzyk DJ, Gadek JE. Comparison of smoker and nonsmoker lavage uid for the rate of association with neutrophi l elastase. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1989; 1: 423-9.
- Fells G, Ogushi F, Hubbard R, et al. Alpha-1-antitrypsi n in the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers has a decreased association rate constant for neutrophi l elastase. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135: A291.
- Sveger T. Liver disease in alpha-1-antitrypsi n de. ciency detected by screening of 200,000 infants. N Eng J Med 1976; 294: 1316-21.
- Brantly M, Nukiwa T, Crystal RG. Molecular basis of alpha-1-antitrypsi n de. ciency. Am J Med 1988; 84(suppl 6A): 13-31.
- Janoff A. Elastases and emphysema. Current assessment of the protease-antiproteas e hypothesis . Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 132: 417-33.
- Laurell CB. Electroimmunoassay . Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1972; 29: 21-4.
- Pongpaew P, Schelp FP. Alpha-1-proteas e inhibitor phenotypes and serum concentration s in Thailand. Hum Gen 1980; 54: 119-24.
- Allen R, Harley RA, Talamo RC. A new method for determination of alpha-1-antitrypsi n phenotypes using isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel slabs. Am J Clin Pathol 1974; 62: 732-9.
- Kueppers F. Determination of alpha-1-antitrypsi n phenotypes by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. J Lab Clin Med 1976; 88: 151-5.
- Degiampietro P, Peheim E, Drew D, et al. Determination of thiocyanat e in plasma and saliva without deproteinisatio n and its validation as a smoking parameter. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1987; 25: 711-17.
- Liu TZ, Chin N, Kiser MD, et al. Speci. c spectrophotometr y of ascorbic acid in serum or plasma by use of ascorbate oxidase. Clin Chem 1982; 28: 2225.
- Ryan TA, Brian LB, Ryan BF. Minitab student handbook. 2nd edn. Boston: PWS-Kent Publishing Company, 1985.
- Prabhant C, Riddhimat R, Sirsali K. Serum thiocyanate concentration s in smoking and non-smoking males. J Med Assoc Thai 1991; 73: 362-5.
- Dastur DK, Quadros EV. Effect of vegetarianism and smoking on vitamin B12, thiocyanat e and folate levels in the blood of normal subjects. Br Med J 1972; 3: 260- 3.
- Weuffen W, Franzke C, Thurkow B. The alimentary ingestion, analysis and biological signi. cance of thiocyanate . Nahrung 1984; 28: 341-55.
- Vesey CJ, Cole PV. Blood cyanide and thiocyanat e concentration s produced by long-term therapy with sodium nitroprusside . Br J Anaesthesiol 1985; 57: 148-55.
- Junge B. Changes in serum thiocyanat e concentratio n on stopping smoking. Br Med J 1985; 291: 22.
- Pettigrew AR, Fell GS. Simpli. ed colorimetric determination of thiocyanat e in biological fluids, and its application to investigation of the toxic amblyopias . Clin Chem 1972; 18: 996-1000.
- Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants , and human disease: curiosity , cause, or consequence . Lancet 1994; 344: 721- 4.
- Cox DW. a 1-antitrypsin de. ciency. In: Scriver CR, Beandet AL, Sly WS, Valle D (Eds.). The Metabolic and Molecular Basis of Inherited Disease, 7th edn. International Edition. USA: McGraw-Hill Inc, 1995: 4125-58.
- Laurell CB, Eriksson S. The electrophoreti c a 1-globulin pattern of serum in a 1-antitrypsin de. ciency. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1963; 15: 32-40.
- Kueppers F, Black LF. Alpha-1-antitrypsi n and its de. ciency. Am Rev Resp Dis 1974; 110: 176-94.
- Stjernberg N, Beckman G, Beckman L, et al. Alpha-1-antitrypsi n types and pulmonary disease among employees at a sulphite pulp factory in northern Sweden. Hum Hered 1984; 34: 337-42.
Tobacco Smoking in Relation to the Phenotype of Alpha-1-Antitrypsin and Serum Vitamin C Concentration
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.