Exploring types of telecommuters: A latent class analysis approach

References

• Afonso, P., Fonseca, M., & Teodoro, T. (2021). Evaluation of anxiety, depression and sleep quality in full-time teleworkers. Journal of Public Health (Oxford, England), Advance online publication, fdab164. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab164
   Google Scholar
• Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40–68. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615593273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altieri, G., Della Ratta, F., & Oteri, C. (2005). How to measure eWork in social surveys. In M. Ramioul, U. Huws, & A. Bollen (Eds.), Measuring the Information Society (pp. 191–211). HIVA – KU Leuven.
   Google Scholar
• Avgoustaki, A., & Bessa, I. (2019). Examining the link between flexible working arrangement bundles and employee work effort. Human Resource Management, 58(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21969
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baert, S., Lippens, L., Moens, E., Sterkens, P., & Weytjens, J. (2020). The COVID-19 crisis and telework: A research survey on experiences, expectations and hopes. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13229. Institute of Labor Economics. http://ftp.iza.org/dp13229.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bagley, M. N., & Mokhtarian, P. L. (1997). Analyzing the preference for non-exclusive forms of telecommuting: Modeling and policy implications. Transportation, 24(3), 203–226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004924601411
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
   Google Scholar
• Bartholomew, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Ryan, R. M., Bosch, J. A., & Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C. (2011). Self-determination theory and diminished functioning: The role of interpersonal control and psychological need thwarting. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(11), 1459–1473. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211413125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baruch, Y. (2000). Teleworking: Benefits and pitfalls as perceived by professionals and managers. New Technology, Work and Employment, 15(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-005X.00063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baruch, Y., & Nicholson, N. (1997). Home, sweet work: Requirements for effective home working. Journal of General Management, 23(2), 15–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/030630709702300202
   Google Scholar
• Boudrias, V., Trepanier, S., Foucreault, A., Peterson, C., & Frenet, C. (2020). Investigating the role of psychological need satisfaction as a moderator in the relationship between job demands and turnover intention among nurses. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 42(1), 213–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-10-2018-0277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, G. D., & Klesh, J. (1983). Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. In S. E. Seashore, E. E. Lawler, P. H. Mirvis, & C. Cammann (Eds.), Assessing organizational change: A guide to methods, measures and practices (pp. 71–138). Wiley-Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., Tramontano, C., & Michailidis, E. (2019). Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: A multidimensional approach. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 51–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, S., & Muthén, B. (2009). Relating latent class analysis results to variables not included in the analysis. https://www.statmodel.com/download/relatinglca.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Coenen, M., & Kok, R. A. (2014). Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules. European Management Journal, 32(4), 564–576. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Como, R., Hambley, L., & Domene, J. (2021). An exploration of work-life wellness and remote work during and beyond COVID-19. Canadian Journal of Career Development, 20(1), 46–56. Retrieved from: https://cjcd-rcdc.ceric.ca/index.php/cjcd/article/view/92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delanoeije, J., & Verbruggen, M. (2019). The use of work-home practices and work-home conflict: Examining the role of volition and perceived pressure in a multi-method study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41(10), 1040–1048. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.10.1040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2011). Population by type of disability, sex, age and labour status. Retrieved from Eurostat: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=hlth_dlm040&lang=en
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat (2018). Disability statistics - poverty and income inequalities. Retrieved from Eurostat: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Disability_statistics_-_poverty_and_income_inequalities
   Google Scholar
• Felstead, A., & Henseke, G. (2017). Assessing the growth of remote working and its consequences for effort, well-being and work-life balance. New Technology, Work and Employment, 32(3), 195–212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12097
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernet, C., Austin, S., & Vallerand, R. J. (2012). The effects of work motivation on employee exhaustion and commitment: An extension of the JD-R model. Work and Stress, 26(3), 213–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2012.713202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524–1541. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geiser, C., Okun, M. A., & Grano, C. (2014). Who is motivated to volunteer? A latent profile analysis linking volunteer motivation to frequency of volunteering. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 56(1), 3–24. Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/25715984.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Gostin, O. L., Friedman, E. A., & Wetter, S. (2020). Responding to COVID-19: How to navigate a public health emergency legally and ethically. Hastings Center Report, 50(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1090
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajdu, G., & Sik, E. (2018). Age, period, and cohort differences in work centrality and work values. Societies, 8(1), 11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8010011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, L. (2003). Home-based teleworking and the employment relationship: Managerial challenges and dilemmas. Personnel Review, 32(4), 422–437. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480310477515
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartig, T., Kylin, C., & Johansson, G. (2007). The telework tradeoff: Stress mitigation vs. constrained restoration. Applied Psychology, 56(2), 231–253. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00252.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hickman, A., & Robison, J. (2020). Is working remotely effective? Gallup research says yes. Retrieved from Gallup: https://www.gallup.com/workplace/283985/working-remotely-effective-gallup-research-says-yes.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Evaluating model fit: A synthesis of the structural equation modelling literature. In 7th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies (pp. 195–200), London.
   Google Scholar
• International Labour Office (ILO). (2021). Working from home: From invisibility to decent work.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, P. J., & van der Wielen, J. M. (1998). Teleworking: International Perspectives. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Jemine, G., Dubois, C., & Pichault, F. (2020). When the Gallic village strikes back: The politics behind ‘new ways of working’ projects. Journal of Change Management, 20(2), 146–170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2020.1720777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaduk, A., Genadek, K., Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2019). Involuntary vs. voluntary flexible work: Insights for scholars and stakeholders. Community, Work & Family, 22(4), 412–442. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2019.1616532
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeney, J., Boyd, E. M., Sinha, R., Westring, A. F., & Ryan, A. M. (2013). From “work–family” to “work–life”: Broadening our conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(3), 221–237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirves, K., Kinnunen, U., De Cuyper, N., & Mäkikangas, A. (2014). Trajectories of perceived employability and their associations with well-being at work. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 13(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapierre, L. M., Van Steenbergen, E. F., Peeters, M. C., & Kluwer, E. S. (2016). Juggling work and family responsibilities when involuntarily working more from home: A multiwave study of financial sales professionals. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(6), 804–822. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen, B., & Hoff, E. (2006). Person-centered and variable-centered approaches to longitudinal data. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology. Special Issue: Person-centered and Variable-centered Approaches to Longitudinal Data, 52(3), 377–389. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/23096200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lautsch, B. A., Kossek, E. E., & Eaton, S. C. (2009). Supervisory approaches and paradoxes in managing telecommuting implementation. Human Relations, 62(6), 795–827. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726709104543
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linden, M. (2014). Telework research and practice: Impacts on people with disabilities. Work, 48(1), 65–67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-141857
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lister, K. (2020). Work-at-home after Covid-19—Our forecast. Retrieved from GWA: https://globalworkplaceanalytics.com/work-at-home-after-covid-19-our-forecast
   Google Scholar
• Magnusson, D. (2003). The person approach: Concepts, measurement models, and research strategy. In S. C. Peck & R. W. Roeser (Eds.), New directions for Child and Adolescent development. Person-centered approaches to studying development in context (Vol. 101, pp. 3–23). Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Mäkikangas, A., Kinnunen, S., Rantanen, J., Mauno, S., Tolvanen, A., & Bakker, A. B. (2014). Association between vigor and exhaustion during the workweek: A person-centered approach to daily assessments. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 27(5), 555–575. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2013.860968
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martins, L. L., Gilson, L. L., & Maynard, M. T. (2004). Virtual teams: What do we know and where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 805–835. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCutcheon, A. C. (1987). Latent class analysis. Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Mellner, C., Aronsson, G., & Kecklund, G. (2014). Boundary management preferences, boundary control, and work-life balance among full-time employed professionals in knowledge-intensive, flexible work. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 4(4), 7–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v4i4.4705
   Google Scholar
• Meyers, N., & Hearn, G. N. (2001). Psychological factors and sustainable telecommuting: The importance of need for control. In Proceedings of the Seventh Americas Conference on Information systems (pp. 1908–1916), Boston. Association for Information Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian, P. L., Bagley, M. N., & Salomon, I. (1998). The impact of gender, occupation, and presence of children on telecommuting motivations and constraints. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 49(12), 1115–1134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1998)49:12<1115::AID-ASI7>3.0.CO;2-Y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian, P. L., & Salomon, I. (1994). Modeling the choice of telecommuting: Setting the context. Environment & Planning A, 26(5), 749–766. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1068/a260749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokhtarian, P. L., & Salomon, I. (1997). Modeling the desire to telecommute: The importance of attitudinal factors in behavioral models. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 31(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1068/a260749
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, B. O., & Muthén, L. K. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered Analyses: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(6), 882–891. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2019). Mplus. In The comprehensive modelling program for applied researchers: User’s guide (pp. 5), Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E., & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work and Stress, 31(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2017.1304463
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notelaers, G., De Witte, H., Van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., & Vermunt, J. K. (2007). Construction and validation of the short inventory to monitor psychosocial hazards. Médecine du Travail et Ergonomie, 44, 11–18. Retrieved from: https://www.academia.edu/164647/The_Construction_and_Validation_of_the_Short_Inventory_to_Monitor_Psychosocial_Hazards_in_the_workplace
   Google Scholar
• Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(4), 535–569. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Neill, T. A., Hambley, L. A., Greidanus, N. S., MacDonnell, R., & Kline, T. B. (2009). Predicting teleworker success: An exploration of personality, motivational, situational, and job characteristics. New Technology, Work & Employment, 24(2), 144–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2009.00225.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohly, S., & Schmitt, A. (2015). What makes us enthusiastic, angry, feeling at rest or worried? Development and validation of an affective work events taxonomy using concept mapping methodology. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9328-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohly, S., Sonnentag, S., Niessen, C., & Zapf, D. (2010). Diary studies in organizational research. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(2), 79–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onwezen, M. C., van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., & Biron, M. (2014). The role of psychological flexibility in the demands–exhaustion–performance relationship. European Journal of. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(2), 163–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.742242
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parasuraman, S., & Greenhaus, J. H. (2002). Toward reducing some critical gaps in work–family research. Human Resource Management Review, 12(3), 299–312. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(02)00062-1
   Google Scholar
• Peters, P., Kraan, K., & Echtelt, P. V. (2013). Floreren onder condities van Het Nieuwe Werken: Minder burn-out, meer toewijding? Tijdschrift Voor Arbeidsvraagstukken, 29(3), 304–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5117/2013.029.003.304
   Google Scholar
• Peters, P., Tijdens, K. G., & Wetzels, C. (2004). Employees’ opportunities, preferences, and practices in telecommuting adoption. Information & Management, 41(4), 469–482. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(03)00085-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, P., Wetzels, C., & Tijdens, K. (2008). Telework: Timesaving or time-consuming? An investigation into actual working hours. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 19(4), 421–442. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079X08001900407
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyöriä, P. (2011). Managing telework: Risks, fears and rules. Management Research Review, 34(4), 386–399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111117843
   Google Scholar
• Robèrt, M., & Börjesson, M. (2006). Company incentives and tools for promoting telecommuting. Environment and Behavior, 38(4), 521–549. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505283422
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocchi, M., Pelletier, L., Cheung, S., Baxter, D., & Beaudry, S. (2017). Assessing need-supportive and need-thwarting interpersonal behaviours: The Interpersonal Behaviours Questionnaire (IBQ). Personality and Individual Differences, 104, 423–433. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomon, I., & Ben-Akiva, M. (1983). The use of the life-style concept in travel demand models. Environment & Planning A, 15(5), 623–638. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1068/a150623
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Bevlogenheid: Een begrip gemeten. Gedrag En Organisatie, 17(2), 89–112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5117/2004.017.002.002
   Google Scholar
• Shockley, K. M., & Allen, T. D. (2012). Motives for flexible work arrangement use. Community, Work & Family, 15(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2011.609661
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan, C., & Lewis, S. (2001). Home-based telework, gender, and the synchronization of work and family: Perspectives of teleworkers and their Co-residents. Gender, Work, and Organization, 8(2), 123–145. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0432.00125
   Google Scholar
• Van den Broeck, A., Lens, W., De Witte, H., & Van Coillie, H. (2013). Unraveling the importance of the quantity and the quality of workers’ motivation for well-being: A person-centered perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 82(1), 69–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., De Witte, H., & Lens, W. (2008). Explaining the relationships between job characteristics, burnout, and engagement: The role of basic psychological need satisfaction. Work and Stress, 22(3), 277–294. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393672
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Sell, M., & Jacobs, S. M. (1994). Telecommuting and quality of life: A review of the literature and a model for research. Telematics and Informatics, 11(2), 81–95. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0736-5853(94)90033-7
   Google Scholar
• Vandaele, K. (2005). A half century of trade union membership. The cyclical macro-determinants of postwar union growth in Belgium. World Political Science, 1(2), 53–72. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kurt-Vandaele/publication/250148017_A_Half_Century_of_Trade_Union_Membership_The_Cyclical_Macro-Determinants_of_Postwar_Union_Growth_in_Belgium/links/551166bd0cf29a3bb71dbb3c/A-Half-Century-of-Trade-Union-Membership-The-Cyclical-Macro-Determinants-of-Postwar-Union-Growth-in-Belgium.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Vander Elst, T., De Witte, H., & De Cuyper, N. (2014). The Job Insecurity Scale: A psychometric evaluation across five European countries. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(3), 364–380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2012.745989
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vartiainen, M., Hakonen, M., Koivisto, S., Mannonen, P., Nieminen, M. P., Ruohomäki, V., & Vartola, A. (2007). Distributed and mobile work. Places, people and technology. Otatieto.
   Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Johnson, P. (2002). Telecommuting technology implementations: A within‐and between‐subjects longitudinal field study. Personnel Psychology, 55(3), 661–687. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2002.tb00125.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Speier, C. (1999). Computer technology training in the workplace: A longitudinal investigation of the effect of mood. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 79(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1999.2837
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Speier, C. (2000). Creating an effective training environment for enhancing telework. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 52(6), 991–1005. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1999.0367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermunt, J. K., & Magidson, J. (2002). Latent class cluster analysis. In J. A. Hagenaars & A. L. McCutcheon (Eds.), Applied latent class analysis (pp. 89–106). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walls, M., Safirova, E., & Jiang, Y. (2007). What drives telecommuting? Relative impact of worker demographics, employer characteristics, and job types. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2010(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3141/2010-13
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welz, C., & Wolf, F. (2010). Telework in the European Union. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound). Retrieved from : https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/report/2010/telework-in-the-european-union
   Google Scholar
• Wessels, C., Schippers, M. C., Stegmann, S., Bakker, A. B., van Baalen, P. J., & Proper, K. I. (2019). Fostering flexibility in the new world of work: A model of time-spatial job crafting. Frontiers in Psychology, 10,505. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00505
   Google Scholar
• Wicks, D. (2002). Successfully increasing technological control through minimizing workplace resistance: Understanding the willingness to telework. Management Decision, 40(7), 672–681. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740210438508
   Google Scholar
• Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar