The Future of Belgian Federalism Through the Eyes of the Citizens

References

• Billiet , J. , Maddens , B. and Frognier , A.-P. 2006 . Does Belgium (Still) Exist? Differences in Political Culture between Flemings and Walloons . West European Politics , 29 ( 5 ) : 912 – 932 . (doi:10.1080/01402380600968802)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogaards , M. 1998 . The Favourable Factors for Consociational Democracy: A Review . European Journal of Political Research , 33 ( 4 ) : 475 – 496 . DOI: 10.1111/1475-6765.00392
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhon, F. and Reuchamps, M. (2012), Les systèmes électoraux de la Belgique. Bruxelles: Bruylant.
   Google Scholar
• Breux , S. 2008 . Représentations territoriales et engagement public individuel: premières explorations . Politique et Sociétés , 27 ( 3 ) : 187 – 210 .
   Google Scholar
• Breux , S. , Reuchamps , M. and Loiseau , H. 2011 . Carte mentale et science politique : Regards et perspective critiques sur l'emploi d'un outil prometteur, Méthodes participatives appliquées , Bruxelles : P.I.E.-Peter Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Burgess , M. 2006 . Comparative Federalism: Theory and Practice , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Caluwaerts , D. 2012 . Confrontation Through Communication. Deliberative Democracy in Linguistically Divided Belgium, Applied Participatory Methods , Brussels : P.I.E.-Peter Lang .
   Google Scholar
• Caluwaerts, D. and Reuchamps, M. (2012a), The G1000: Facts, figures and some lessons from an experience of deliberative democracy in Belgium. Re-Bel e-books. Brussels: Re-Bel initiative. Available at http://www.rethinkingbelgium.eu/rebel-initiative-files/events/seventh-public-event-g1000-europeancitizens-initiative-malaise-democracy/G1000-Background-Paper.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Caluwaerts, D. and Reuchamps, M. (2012b), Does intergroup deliberation foster intergroup appreciation? Evidence from two deliberative experiments in deeply divided Belgium, Paper presented at the XXII IPSA World Congress of Political Science, Madrid.
   Google Scholar
• Deschouwer , K. 1997 . “ Une fédération sans fédérations de partis ” . In La réforme de l'Etat … et après? L'impact des débats constitutionnels en Belgique et au Canada , Edited by: Jaumain , S. 77 – 83 . Bruxelles : Editions de l'ULB .
   Google Scholar
• Deschouwer , K. 2005 . “ Kingdom of Belgium ” . In Constitutional Origins, Structure, and Change in Federal Countries , Edited by: Kincaid , J. and Tarr , G. A. 49 – 75 . Montréal : McGill-Queen's University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deschouwer , K. 2009a . Politics of Belgium: Governing a Divided Society, Comparative Government and Politics Series , London : Palgrave Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Deschouwer , K. 2009b . The Rise and Fall of the Belgian Regionalist Parties . Regional & Federal Studies , 19 ( 4 ) : 559 – 577 . (doi:10.1080/13597560903310279)
   Google Scholar
• Deschouwer , K. and Sinardet , D. 2010 . “ Identiteiten, communautaire standpunten en stemgedrag ” . In De stemmen van het volk. Een analyse van het kiesgedag in Vlaanderen en Wallonië op 7 juni 2009 , Edited by: Deschouwer , K. , Delwit , P. , Hooghe , M. and Walgrave , S. 75 – 98 . Brussels : VUB Press .
   Google Scholar
• Elazar , D. J. 1987 . Exploring Federalism , Tuscaloosa : University of Alabama Press .
   Google Scholar
• Elliott , J. , Heesterbeek , S. , Lukensmeyer , C. J. and Slocum , N. 2005 . Participatory Methods Toolkit. A Practitioners Manual , Brussels : King Baudouin Foundation and the Flemish Institute for Science and Technology Assessment (viWTA) .
   Google Scholar
• Erk , J. and Anderson , L. 2009 . The Paradox of Federalism: Does Self-Rule Accommodate or Exacerbate Ethnic Divisions? . Regional & Federal Studies , 19 ( 2 ) : 191 – 202 . (doi:10.1080/13597560902753388)
   Google Scholar
• Frognier , A.-P. and Aish , A.-M. 1994 . Élections: la fêlure? Enquête sur le comportement électoral des Wallons et des Francophones , Bruxelles : De Boeck .
   Google Scholar
• Frognier , A.-P. and Aish , A.-M. 1999 . Des élections en trompe-l'oeil. Enquête sur le comportement électoral des Wallons et des Francophones , Bruxelles : De Boeck .
   Google Scholar
• Frognier , A.-P. and Aish , A.-M. 2003 . Élections: la rupture ? Le comportement des Belges face aux élections de 1999 , Bruxelles : De Boeck .
   Google Scholar
• Frognier , A.-P. , De Winter , L. and Baudewyns , P. 2007 . Élections: le reflux? Comportements et attitudes lors des élections en Belgique , Bruxelles : De Boeck .
   Google Scholar
• Frognier , A.-P. , De Winter , L. and Baudewyns , P. 2008 . Les Wallons et la réforme de l'Etat. Une analyse sur la base de l'enquête post-électorale de 2007, in PIOP. Louvain-la-Neuve: Pôle Interuniversitaire sur l'Opinion publique et la Politique, Université catholique de Louvain
   Google Scholar
• Huyse , L. 1970 . Passiviteit, pacificatie en verzuiling in de Belgische politiek: Een sociologische studie , Antwerpen : Standaard Wetenschappelijke Uitgeverij .
   Google Scholar
• Lijphart , A. 1968 . The Politics of Accommodation; Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands , Berkeley : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mendelberg , T. 2002 . “ The Deliberative Citizen: Theory and Evidence ” . In Research in Micropolitics: Political Decisionmaking, Deliberation and Participation , Edited by: Delli Carpini , M.X. , Huddy , L. and Shapiro , R.Y. 151 – 193 . Greenwich : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morrell , M. E. 2010 . Empathy and Democracy. Feeling, Thinking and Deliberation , University Park : Penn State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mouffe , C. 2000 . Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism Political Science Series. Vienna: Institute for Advanced Studies
   Google Scholar
• Perrez, J. and Reuchamps, M. (2012), Les relations communautaires en Belgique: Approches politiques et linguistiques. Science politique series. Louvain-la-Neuve: Academia-L'harmattan.
   Google Scholar
• Reuchamps, M. (2011), L'avenir du fédéralisme en Belgique et au Canada, Quand les citoyens en parlent, Diversitas series. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Reuchamps, M., Grandjean, G. and Flaba, E. (2009), «Dessinez la Belgique»: Comment de jeunes Belges francophones voient le fédéralisme. Liège: Les Editions de l'Université de Liège.
   Google Scholar
• Reuchamps, M., Kavadias, D. and Deschouwer, K. (forthcoming), Drawing Belgium: Using mental maps to measure territorial conflict, Territory, Politics, Governance.
   Google Scholar
• Scharpf , F. W. 1988 . The Joint-Decision Trap: Lessons from German Federalism and European Integration . Public Administration , 66 ( 3 ) : 239 – 278 . (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9299.1988.tb00694.x)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinardet , D. 2008 . Territorialité et identités linguistiques en Belgique . Hermès , 51 : 131 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Sinardet , D. 2009a . De natie versus de cijfers . De Standaard , 5 October
   Google Scholar
• Sinardet , D. 2009b . “ Direct Democracy as a Tool to Shape a United Public Opinion in a Multilingual Society? Some Reflections based on the Belgian Case ” . In Is Democracy Viable Without a Unified Public Opinion? The Swiss Experience and the Belgian Case , Edited by: Sinardet , D. and Hooghe , M. 34 – 42 . Brussels : Re-Bel initiative .
   Google Scholar
• Sinardet , D. 2009c . “ Futur(s) de la fédération belge : paradoxes fédéraux et paradoxes belges ” . In Le fédéralisme en Belgique et au Canada. Comparaison sociopolitique , Edited by: Fournier , B. and Reuchamps , M. 209 – 230 . Bruxelles : De Boeck Université .
   Google Scholar
• Sinardet , D. and Hooghe , M. 2009 . Is Democracy Viable Without a Unified Public Opinion? The Swiss Experience and the Belgian Case. Vol. 3 Re-Bel e-books. Brussels: Re-Bel initiative
   Google Scholar
• Steiner , J. , Bächtiger , A. , Spörndli , M. and Steenbergen , M. R. 2004 . Deliberative Politics in Action: Analyzing Parliamentary Discourse, Theories of Institutional Design , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Swenden , W. , Brans , M. and De Winter , L. 2006 . The Politics of Belgium: Institutions and Policy Under Bipolar and Centrifugal Federalism . West European Politics , 29 ( 5 ) : 863 – 873 . (doi:10.1080/01402380600968729)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swenden , W. and Jans , M. T. 2006 . ‘Will It Stay Or Will It Go?’ Federalism and the Sustainability of Belgium . West European Politics , 29 ( 5 ) : 877 – 894 . (doi:10.1080/01402380600968745)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw , M. and Abts , K. 2011 . Les électeurs de la N-VA aux élections fédérales du 13 juin 2010 . Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP , (2125)
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw , M. and Billiet , J. 2002 . De kiezer heeft zijn redenen. 13 juni 1999 en de politieke opvattingen van Vlamingen , Leuven : Acco .
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw , M. , Billiet , J. , Carton , A. and Beerten , R. 1993 . Kiezen is verliezen. Onderzoek naar de politieke opvattingen van Vlamingen , Leuven : Acco .
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw , M. , Billiet , J. , Carton , A. and Beerten , R. 1998 . De (on)redelijke kiezer. Onderzoek naar de politieke opvattingen van Vlamingen. Verkiezingen van 21 mei 1995 , Leuven : Acco .
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw , M. , Billiet , J. and Goeminne , B. 2007 . De Kiezer Onderzocht. De verkiezingen van 2003 en 2004 in Vlaanderen , Leuven : Universitaire Pers Leuven .
   Google Scholar
• Swyngedouw , M. and Rink , N. 2008 . “ Hoe Vlaams-Belgischgezind zijn de Vlamingen? Een analyse op basis van het postelectorale verkiezingsonderzoek 2007 ” . In Onderzoeksverslag Centrum voor Sociologisch Onderzoek (CeSO) , Leuven : Instituut voor Sociaal en Politiek Opinieonderzoek (ISPO) .
   Google Scholar
• van Haute , E. and Pilet , J.-B. 2006 . Regionalist Parties in Belgium (VU, RW, FDF): Victims of Their Own Success? . Regional & Federal Studies , 16 ( 3 ) : 297 – 313 . (doi:10.1080/13597560600852474)
   Google Scholar
• Weber , M. [1904] (1949) . “ Objectivity in Social Science and Social Policy ” . in E.A. Shils and H.A. Finch (eds and trans.), The Methodology of the Social Sciences, 50–112. New York: Free Press
   Google Scholar