References
- Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. New York: Crown.
- Al Jazeera. 2021. “Thousands Protest amid Global Anger Against COVID Restrictions.” Al Jazeera, July 24. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/24/protesters-against-covid-restrictions-clash-with-police-in-paris.
- Anderegg, William R. L., John T. Abatzoglou, Leander D. L. Anderegg, Leonard Bielory, Patrick L. Kinney, and Lewis Ziska. 2021. “Anthropogenic Climate Change is Worsening North American Pollen Seasons.” PNAS 118 (7). https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073pnas.2013284118.
- AP. 2021. “Thousands Protest Against Vaccination, COVID Passes in France.” Associated Press, July 17. https://www.voanews.com/a/covid-19-pandemic_thousands-protest-against-vaccination-covid-passes-france/6208387.html.
- Arzheimer, Kai. 2018. “Explaining Electoral Support for the Radical Right.” In The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right, edited by Jens. Rydgren, 143–165. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bailey, David. 2020. “Mapping Anti-Austerity Discourse: Populism, Sloganeering and/or Realism?” In Left Radicalism and Populism in Europe, edited by Giorgos Charalambous and Gregoris Ioannou, 183–203. London: Routledge.
- Bajde, Domen. 2020. “Coronavirus: What Makes some People act Selfishly While Others Are More Responsible?” The Conversation, March 24. https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-what-makes-some-people-act-selfishly-while-others-are-more-responsible-134341.
- Barnett, Michael. 2020. “COVID-19 and the Sacrificial International Order.” International Organization 74 (S1): E128–E147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002081832000034X.
- Basu, Laura. 2018. Media Amnesia. London: Pluto Press.
- BBC. 2020. “Coronavirus: ‘We Are at War’ – Macron.” BBC, March 16. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/51917380.
- Béland, Daniel, and Robert Henry Cox. 2011. “Introduction: Ideas and Politics.” In Ideas and Politics in Social Science Research, edited by Daniel Béland and Robert Henry Cox, 3–20. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Berman, Sheri. 2001. “Ideas, Norms, and Culture in Political Analysis.” Comparative Politics 33 (2): 231–250. https://doi.org/10.2307/422380.
- Berman, Sheri. 2011. “Ideology, History and Politics.” In Ideas and Politics in Social Science Research, edited by D. Béland and R. Henry Cox, 105–126. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Bevir, Mark. 2000. “New Labour: A Study in Ideology.” The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 2 (3): 277–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-856X.00038.
- Bieber, Florian. 2022. “Global Nationalism in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Nationalities Papers 50 (1): 13–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2020.35.
- Blyth, Mark. 2002. Great Transformations. Economic Ideas and Institutional Change in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Blyth, Mark. 2003. “Structures Do Not Come with an Instruction Sheet: Interests, Ideas and Progress in Political Science.” Perspectives on Politics 1 (4): 695–706. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592703000471.
- Blyth, Mark. 2011. “Ideas, Uncertainty and Evolution.” In Ideas and Politics in Social Science Research, edited by D. Béland and R. Henry Cox, 81–101. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- BMA. 2020. “Austerity – COVID’s Little Helper.” Accessed December 20, 2022. https://www.bma.org.uk/news-and-opinion/austerity-covid-s-little-helper.
- Boin, Arjen, Paul ‘t Hart, and Saneke L. Kuipers. 2017. “The Crisis Approach.” In Handbook of Disaster Research, edited by H. Havidán, R. W. Donner, and J. E. Trainor, 23–38. Cham: Springer.
- Boin, Arjen, Paul ‘t Hart, and Allan McConnell. 2009. “Crisis Exploitation: Political and Policy Impacts of Framing Contests.” Journal of European Public Policy 16 (1): 81–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760802453221.
- Bratich, Jack. 2021. “‘Give Me Liberty or Give Me Covid!’: Anti-Lockdown Protests as Necropopulist Downsurgency.” Cultural Studies 35 (2-3): 257–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2021.1898016.
- Broome, André, Liam Clegg, and Lena Rethel. 2012. “Global Governance and the Politics of Crisis.” Global Society 26 (1): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2011.629992.
- Capoccia, Giovanni. 2015. “Critical Junctures and Institutional Change.” In Advances in Comparative-Historical Analysis: Strategies for Social Inquiry, edited by James Mahoney and Kathleen Thelen, 147–179. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Capoccia, Giovanni. 2016. “Critical Junctures.” In In Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism, edited by O. Fioretos, T. G. Falletti, and A. Sheingate, 95–108. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Capoccia, Giovanni, and R. Daniel Kelemen. 2007. “The Study of Critical Junctures: Theory, Narrative, and Counterfactuals in Historical Institutionalism.” World Politics 59 (3): 341–369. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887100020852.
- Charalambous, Giorgos, and Greoris Ioannou. 2017. “Party Systems, Party-Society Linkages and Contentious Acts: Cyprus in a Comparative South European Perspective.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 22 (1): 97–119. https://doi.org/10.17813/1086-671X-22-1-97.
- Charalambous, Giorgos, and Gregoris Ioannou. 2020. “Introducing the Topic and the Concepts.” In Left Radicalism and Populism in Europe, edited by G. Charalambous and G. Ioannou, 1–30. London: Routledge.
- Collier, Ruth B., and David Collier. 2002. Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Collier, David, and Gerardo L. Munck. 2017. “Building Blocks and Methodological Challenges: A Framework for Studying Critical Junctures.” Qualitative and Multi-Method Research 15 (1): 2–9.
- Cramer, William, Joël Guiot, Marianela Fader, Joaquim Garrabou, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Ana Iglesias, Manfred A. Lange, et al. 2018. “Climate Change and Interconnected Risks to Sustainable Development in the Mediterranean.” Nature Climate Change 8 (11): 972–980. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0299-2.
- Crawford, Neta C. 2018. “The Potential for Fundamental Change in World Politics.” International Studies Review 20 (2): 232–238. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viy034.
- Crouch, Colin. 2004. Post-Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Crouch, Colin. 2011. The Strange Non-Death of Neoliberalism. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Daly, Mary, Bernhard Ebbinghaus, Lukas Lehner, Marek Naczyk, and Tim Vlandas. 2020. “Oxford Supertracker: The Global Directory for COVID Policy Trackers and Surveys.” Department of Social Policy and Intervention. Accessed December 20, 2022. https://supertracker.spi.ox.ac.uk/.
- De Leon, Cedric, Manali Desai, and Cinhal Tuğal. 2009. “Political Articulation: Parties and the Constitution of Cleavages in the United States, India, and Turkey.” Sociological Theory 27 (3): 193–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2009.01345.x.
- Diani, Mario, and Maria Kousis. 2014. “The Duality of Claims and Events: The Greek Campaign Against the Troika’s Memoranda and Austerity, 2010–2012.” Mobilization: An International Quarterly 19 (4): 387–404. https://doi.org/10.17813/maiq.19.4.d865w28177575673.
- Dionne, Kim Yi, and Fulya Felicity Turkmen. 2020. “The Politics of Pandemic Othering: Putting COVID-19 in Global and Historical Context.” International Organization 74 (S1): E213–E230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000405.
- Drezner, Daniel W. 2022. “The Death of the Democratic Advantage?” International Studies Review 24 (2): viac017. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viac017.
- Dupont, Claire, Sebastian Oberthür, and Ingmar von Homeyer. 2020. “The Covid-19 Crisis: A Critical Juncture for EU Climate Policy Development?” Journal of European Integration 42 (8): 1095–1110. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1853117.
- DW. 2021. “France, Italy See Mass Protests Against COVID Health Pass.” Deutche Welle, August 8. https://www.dw.com/en/france-italy-see-mass-protests-against-covid-health-pass/a-58794976.
- Eagleton, Terry. 2007. Ideology: An Introduction. London: Verso.
- ESM. 2021. “Debt Risks After the Pandemic Crisis – Speech by Klaus Regling.” Accessed December 10, 2022. https://www.esm.europa.eu/speeches/debt-risks-after-pandemic-crisis-speech-klaus-regling.
- Eichhorn, Jan, Tobias Spöri, Jan Delhey, Franziska Deutsch, and Georgi Dragolov. 2022. “Reality Bites: An Analysis of Corona Deniers in Germany over Time.” Frontiers in Sociology 7. Accessed March 25, 2023. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389fsoc.2022.974972/full.
- ETUI and ETUC. 2021. Benchmarking Working Europe 2021. Unequal Europe. Brussels: ETUI.
- Euractiv. 2012. “Europe’s Competitiveness Gap: Never Waste a Good Crisis.” Euractiv, November 26. https://www.euractiv.com/section/competition/opinion/europe-s-competitiveness-gap-never-waste-a-good-crisis/.
- Eurofound. 2022. “Trust in National Institutions Is Falling: Data Behind the Decline.” Accessed December 20, 2022. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/blog/trust-in-national-institutions-is-falling-data-behind-the-decline.
- European Citizens Initiative. 2022. “Right to Cure: No Profit on Pandemic.” Accessed December 20, 2022. https://europa.eu/citizens-initiative/initiatives/details/2020/000005_en.
- European Commission. 2020. “Communication to the European Parliament and the Council: Staying Safe During the Winter.” European Commission, December 2. https://www.europeansources.info/record/staying-safe-from-covid-19-during-winter/.
- Finlayson, Alan, Lee Jarvis, and Michael Lister. 2023. “COVID-19 and ‘the Public’: U.K. Government, Discourse and the British Political Tradition.” Contemporary Politics 29 (3): 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2022.2162206.
- Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52 (4): 887–917. https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789.
- Freeden, Michael. 1996. Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press).
- Freeden, Michael, Tower Sargent Lyman, and Stears Marc, eds. 2013. The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Funke, Manuel, Moris Schularick, and Cristoph Trebesch. 2016. “Going to Extremes: Politics After Financial Crises.” European Economic Review 88: 1870–2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.03.006.
- Gadarian, Shana Kushner, Sarah W. Goodman, and Thomas B. Pepinsky. 2021. “Partisanship, Health Behavior, and Policy Attitudes in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.” PLoS One 16 (4): e0249596. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249596.
- Gago, Veronica. 2017. Neoliberalism from Below: Popular Pragmatics and Baroque Economies. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Gerbaudo, Paolo. 2021. The Great Recoil: Politics After Populism and the Pandemic. London: Verso.
- Giles, Chris. 2021. “OECD Warns Governments to Rethink Constraints on Public Spending.” Financial Times, January 4. https://www.ft.com/content/7c721361-37a4-4a44-9117-6043afee0f6b.
- Giugni, Marco, and Maria T. Grasso. 2015. “Environmental Movements in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Heterogeneity, Transformation, and Institutionalization.” Annual Review of Environment and Resources 40 (1): 337–361. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021327.
- Gourevitch, Paul. 1986. Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to International Economic Crises. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Pres.
- Gramsci, Antonio. 1972. Selections from the Prison Notebooks. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
- Halikiopoulou, Daphne, and Tim Vlandas. 2022. Understanding Right-Wing Populism in Europe and What to Do About It. Vienna: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
- Hall, Peter A. 1993. “Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain.” Comparative Politics 25 (3): 275–296. https://doi.org/10.2307/422246.
- Hall, Stuart. (2011) 2017. “The Neoliberal Revolution.” In Selected Political Writings, edited by S. Davison, D. Featherstone, M. Rustin, and B. Schwarz, 317–335. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Hall, Stuart, Critcher Carles, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Bryan Roberts. 1978. Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State, and Law and Order. London: Macmillan Press.
- Harvey, David. 2003. The New Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hay, Colin. 1996. “Narrating Crisis: The Discursive Construction of the ‘Winter of Discontent’.” Sociology 30 (2): 253–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038596030002004.
- Held, David. 2005. “At the Global Crossroads: The end of the Washington Consensus and the Rise of Global Social Democracy?” Globalizations 2 (1): 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/14747730500085122.
- Hofferberth, Matthias. 2019. “Get Your Act(ors) Together! Theorizing Agency in Global Governance.” International Studies Review 21 (1): 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viy018.
- Hogan, John. 2019. “The Critical Juncture Concept’s Evolving Capacity to Explain Policy Change.” European Policy Analysis 5 (2): 180–182.
- Hogan, Jon, Michael Howlett, and Mary Murphy. 2022. “Re-thinking the Coronavirus Pandemic as a Policy Punctuation: COVID-19 as a Path-clearing Policy Accelerator.” Policy and Society 41 (1): 40–52.
- IEA. 2022. Global Methane Tracker 2022. Paris: International Energy Association. Accessed December 20, 2022. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-methane-tracker-2022.
- Ioannou, Gregoris. 2021. Employment, Trade Unionism and Class: The Labour Market in Southern Europe Since the Crisis. London: Routledge.
- Jessop, Bob. 2002. The Future of the Capitalist State. Oxford: Polity Press.
- Jessop, B. 2012. “Narratives of Crisis and Crisis Response: Perspectives from North and South.” In The Global Crisis and Transformative Change, edited by P. Utting, S. Razavi, and R. V. Buchholz, 23–42. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Joffe, A. R. 2021. “COVID-19: Rethinking the Lockdown Groupthink.” Frontiers in Public Health 9: 625778. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.625778. PMID: 33718322; PMCID: PMC7952324.
- Kallis, George. 2018. Degrowth. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Agenda.
- Kopec, Anna. 2023. “Critical Junctures as Complex Processes: Examining Mechanisms of Policy Change and Path Dependence in the Canadian Pandemic Response to Homelessness.” Journal of Public Policy 43 (3): 447–467. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X23000053.
- Krowel, Andre, and Nick Martin. 2022. “Talk of a Revived European Centre-Left Is Premature.” EUROPP Blog, LSE, March 22. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2022/03/22/talk-of-a-revived-european-centre-left-is-premature/.
- Lipsitz, Keena, and Grigore Pop-Eleches. 2020. “The Partisan Divide in Social Distancing.” May 7. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3595695.
- Lowery, Gary. 2022. “Constructing Continuity: The Discursive Construction of the Great Crash of 2008–2009 as a Non-Crisis of Neoliberalism.” Global Society 36 (4): 496–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2021.1924123.
- Lukács, György. 1968. History and Class Consciousness. London: Merlin Press.
- Lynggaard, Kennet, Mads Dagnis Jensen, and Michael Kluth, eds. 2023. Navigating the Perfect Storm: Understanding Governments Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Mahoney, James. 2000. “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology.” Theory and Society 29 (4): 507–548. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007113830879.
- Marranci, Gabriele. 2004. “Multiculturalism, Islam and the Clash of Civilisations Theory: Rethinking Islamophobia.” Culture and Religion 5 (1): 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/0143830042000200373.
- Marx, Karl. (1852) 2006. “The Eighteenth Brumaire of Luis Bonaparte.” Accessed December 20, 2022. www.Marxists.org.
- Montgomerie, Johna. 2019. “How UK Austerity Is Made: Economic Storytelling About Debt.” LSE BPP, April 15. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/economic-storytelling-about-debt/.
- Mylonas, Yiannis. 2014. “Crisis, Austerity and Opposition in Mainstream Media Discourses of Greece.” Critical Discourse Studies 11 (3): 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2014.915862.
- Ostrowski, Marius. 2022. Ideology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Oztig, Lasin Idil, Turkan Ayda Gurkan, and Kenan Aydin. 2021. “The Strategic Logic of Islamophobic Populism.” Government and Opposition 56 (3): 446–464. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2019.35.
- Paul, T. V. 2018. “Assessing Change in World Politics.” International Studies Review 20 (2): 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viy037.
- Pierson, Paul. 2004. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Pleyers, Geoffrey. 2020. “The Pandemic Is a Battlefield. Social Movements in the COVID-19 Lockdown.” Journal of Civil Society 16 (4): 295–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2020.1794398.
- Quaglia, Lucia. 2014. The European Union and Global Financial Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Regilme, Salvador S. F. 2023. “Crisis Politics of Dehumanisation During COVID-19: A Framework for Mapping the Social Processes Through Which Dehumanisation Undermines Human Dignity.” The British Journal of Politics and International Relations 25 (3): 555–573. https://doi.org/10.1177/13691481231178247.
- Reporter. 2012. “Ragkousis: I Am Ashamed for the Political System.” [Ραγκούσης: «Ντρέπομαι για το πολιτικό σύστημα».] Reporter, April 3. https://www.reporter.gr/Eidhseis/Politikh/198759-Ragkoyshs-%C2%AB%CE%9Dtrepomai-gia-to-politiko-systhma%C2%BB.
- Roitman, Janet. 2013. Anti-Crisis. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
- Rovira Kaltwasser, Cristobal, and Paul Taggart. 2022. “The Populist Radical Right and the Pandemic.” Government and Opposition, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2022.46.
- Rovny, John, Ryan Parker, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Martin Steenbergen, and Milada A. Vachudova. 2022. “Contesting Covid: The Ideological Bases of Partisan Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic.” European Journal of Political Research 61 (4): 1155–1164. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12510.
- Russel, Francis. 2023. “Pox Populi: Anti-Vaxx, Anti-Politics.” Journal of Sociology 59 (3): 699–715.
- Saad Filho, Alfredo. 2010. “Crisis in Neoliberalism or Crisis of Neoliberalism?” In Socialist Register, edited by Leo Panitch, Greg Albo, and Vivek Chibber, 242–259. London: Merlin press.
- Saad Filho, Alfredo. 2020. “From COVID-19 to the End of Neoliberalism.” Critical Sociology 46 (4-5): 477–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920520929966.
- Sanders, Eric. 2006. “Historical Institutionalism.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions, edited by Sarah A. Binder, R. A. W. Rhodes, and Bert A. Rockman, 39–55. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Sartori, Giovanni. 2005. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Colchester: ECPR Press.
- Schoenherr, Tobias, and Cheri Speier-Pero. 2015. “Data Science, Predictive Analytics, and Big Data in Supply Chain Management: Current State and Future Potential.” Journal of Business Logistics 36 (1): 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12082.
- Schot, Johan, and Laur Kanger. 2018. “Deep Transitions: Emergence, Acceleration, Stabilization and Directionality.” Research Policy 47 (6): 1045–1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.03.009.
- Schwarzmantel, John. 2008. Ideology and Politics. London: Sage.
- Sciacchitano, Salvatore, and Armando Bartolazzi. 2021. “Transparency in Negotiation of European Union with Big Pharma on COVID-19 Vaccines.” Frontiers in Public Health 9: 647955. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.647955. PMID: 33681138; PMCID: PMC7930234.
- Seymour, Richard. 2014. Against Austerity. London: Pluto Press.
- Shackle, Samira. 2021. “Among the Covid Sceptics: ‘We Are Being Manipulated, Without a Shadow of a Doubt.’” The Guardian, April 8. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/apr/08/among-covid-sceptics-we-are-being-manipulated-anti-lockdown.
- Sherwood, Harriet. 2021. “UK Church Leaders Warn Against ‘Dangerous’ Vaccine Passport Plans.” The Guardian, April 17. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/17/uk-church-leaders-warn-against-dangerous-vaccine-passport-plans.
- Slater, Dan, and Erica Simmons. 2010. “Informative Regress: Critical Antecedents in Comparative Politics.” Comparative Political Studies 43 (7): 886–917. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010361343.
- Smith, Elliot. 2022. “British Government to Usher in New Era of Austerity in Effort to Restore Market Confidence.” CNBC, November 15. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/british-government-to-usher-in-new-era-of-austerity-in-effort-to-restore-market-confidence.html.
- Soborski, Rafal. 2021. “Taking Ideology Seriously in the Time of Plague: Insights Versus Distractions.” Acta Academica 53 (2): 103–121.
- Stahl, Rune Møller. 2019. “Ruling the Interregnum: Politics and Ideology in Non-Hegemonic Times.” Politics & Society 47 (3): 333–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329219851896.
- Streeck, Wolfgang. 2014. Buying Time: The Delayed Crisis of Democratic Capitalism. London: Verso.
- Sturgis, Patrick, Ian Brunton-Smith, and Jonathan Jackson. 2021. “Trust in Science, Social Consensus and Vaccine Confidence.” Nature Human Behaviour 5: 1528–1534. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01115-7.
- Therborn, Goran. 1999. The Ideology of Power and the Power of Ideology. London: Verso.
- Tidman, Zoe. 2020. “Coronavirus: More than 350,000 People Fined in France for Breaking Lockdown Rules.” Independent, April 1. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/coronavirus-france-fines-update-christophe-castaner-a9440146.html.
- Touraine, Alain. (2005) 2007. A New Paradigm to Understand Today’s World. Cambridge: Polity Press).
- Twigg, John. 2020. “COVID-19 as a ‘Critical Juncture’: A Scoping Review.” Global Policy. https://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Twigg%20-%20COVID-19%20as%20a%20%E2%80%98Critical%20Juncture%E2%80%99%2C%20A%20Scoping%20Review.pdf.
- UK Parliament. 2021. “The Government Response to Covid-19: Fixed Penalty Notices House of Commons – House of Lords, Joint Committee on Human Rights.” April 21.
- Vallas, Steven Peter. 1991. “Workers, Firms and the Dominant Ideology: Hegemony and Consciousness in the Monopoly Core.” The Sociological Quarterly 32 (1): 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00345.x.
- Van Apeldoorn, Bastian, and Nina de Graaff. 2022. “The State in Global Capitalism Before and After the Covid-19 Crisis.” Contemporary Politics 28 (3): 306–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2021.2022337.
- Van Dijk, Teun A. 1993. “Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis.” Discourse & Society 4 (2): 249–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926593004002006.
- Vasco Santos, João. 2021. “Government Political Ideology and COVID-19 Public Health Policy Responses.” European Journal of Public Health 31 (S3). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.379.
- Vidal, John. 2020. “‘Tip of the Iceberg’: Is Our Destruction of Nature Responsible for Covid-19?” The Guardian, March 18. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/18/tip-of-the-iceberg-is-our-destruction-of-nature-responsible-for-covid-19-aoe.
- Vincent, Andrew. 1996. “The Ambiguity of Ideology.” Politics 16 (1): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.1996.tb00146.x.
- Volinz, Lior. 2017. “Comparative Military Urbanism: Topographies of Citizenship and Security Threats in Brussels and Jerusalem.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Accessed December 20, 2022. https://www.ijurr.org/spotlight-on/the-city-at-war-reflections-on-beirut-brussels-andbeyond/comparative-military-urbanism-topographies-of-citizenship-and-security-threats-in-brussels-andjerusalem/#:∼:text=While%20in%20Brussels%20the%20strong,used%20in%20occupied%20East%20Jerusalem.
- Volpi, Frédéric, and Johannes Gerschewski. 2020. “Crises and Critical Junctures in Authoritarian Regimes: Addressing Uprisings’ Temporalities and Discontinuities.” Third World Quarterly 41 (6): 1030–1045. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2020.1729728.
- Walby, Sylvia. 2015. Crisis. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- White, Jonathan. 2013. “Left and Right in the Economic Crisis.” Journal of Political Ideologies 18 (2): 150–170.
- Wilkinson, M. A. 2018. “Authoritarian Liberalism: The Conjuncture Behind the Crisis.” LSE Legal Studies Working Paper No. 5/2018. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3137329.
- World Health Organisation [WHO]. 2020a. “UN Agencies Issue Urgent Call to Fund the Global Emergency Supply System to Fight COVID-19, Joint Statement.” April 20. https://www.who.int/news/item/20-04-2020-un-agencies-issue-urgent-call-to-fund-the-global-emergency-supply-system-to-fight-covid-19.
- World Health Organisation [WHO]. 2020b. “WHO Manifesto for a Healthy Recovery from COVID-19.” May 26. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-manifesto-for-a-healthy-recovery-from-covid-19.
- Wu Ming. 2021. “Conspiracy and Social Struggle.” Ill Will. Accessed December 20, 2022. https://illwill.com/conspiracy-and-social-struggle.