‘They won't take you as a man, as a real man’ why men can't teach young children in foundation phase

References

• Barış, S. 2013. “Female Preschool Teachers’ Attitude toward Male Preschool Teachers While Hiring Job.” Middle Eastern & African Journal of Educational Research 3: 107–112.
   Google Scholar
• Brownhill, S. 2016. “Male Role Models in Education-Based Settings (0–8) An English Perspective.” In Men, Masculinities and Teaching in Early Childhood Education: International Perspectives on Gender and Care, edited by S. Brownhill, J. Warin, and I. Wenersson, 26–35. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Carrington, B., and A. McPhee. 2008. “Boys ‘Underachievement’ and the Feminization of Teaching.” Journal of Education for Teaching 34 (2): 109–120.
   Google Scholar
• Cleaver, S. 2010. “Mr. Teacher.” Instructor 116 (6): 48–50.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 1995. Masculinities. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. 2000. The Men and the Boys. Cambridge: Polity Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W., and J. W. Messerschmidt. 2005. “Hegemonic Masculinity: Rethinking the Concept.” Gender & Society 19 (6): 829–859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman, P. 2005. “Let’s Hear It from the Males: Issues Facing Male Primary School Teachers.” Teaching and Teacher Education 21 (3): 227–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman, P. 2008. “So What Exactly Do You Want? What Principals Mean When They Say ‘Male Role Model’.” Gender and Education 20 (2): 123–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drudy, S. 2008. “Gender Balance/Gender Bias: The Teaching Profession and the Impact of Feminization.” Gender and Education 20 (4): 309–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulstich-Wieland, H. 2013. “Should Male Primary School Teachers Be There Principally as Role Models for Boys?” Universal Journal of Educational Research 1 (2): 65–73.
   Google Scholar
• Freund, B. 1991. “Indian Women and the Changing Character of the Working Class Indian Household in Natal 1860–1990.” Journal of Southern African Studies 17 (3): 414–429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs, A., Y. Sikweyiya, and R. Jewkes. 2014. “‘Men Value Their Dignity’: Securing Respect and Identity Construction in Urban Informal Settlements in South Africa.” Global Health Action 7 (2): 115–124. doi:10.3402/gha.v7.23676.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, B. 2017. Public-Only Schools Force Equality. https://mg.co.za/article/2017-07-14-00-public-only-schools-force-equality.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, M. 2010. Love in the Time of AIDS: Inequality, Gender and Rights in South Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hutchings, M., B. Carrington, B. Francis, C. Skelton, B. Read, and I. Hall. 2008. “Nice and Kind, Smart and Funny: What Children Like and Want to Emulate in Their Teachers.” Oxford Review of Education 34 (2): 135–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. P., R. Middleton, N. Nocholson, and D. Sandrick. 2010. “Still So Few Male Teachers: Now What?” Young Children 65 (3): 18–23.
   Google Scholar
• Johnston, J., E. McKeown, and A. McEwen. 1999. “Choosing Primary Teaching as a Career: The Perspectives of Males and Females in Training.” Journal of Education for Teaching 25 (1): 55–64.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, D. 2007. “Millennium Man: Constructing Identities of Male Teachers in Early Years Contexts.” Educational Review 59 (2): 179–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, J. 1998. Uncommon Caring: Learning from Men Who Teach Young Children. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kvale, S. 2007. Doing Interviews. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• MacNaughton, G. 2000. Rethinking Gender in Early Childhood Education. London: Allen & Unwin.
   Google Scholar
• Martino, W. J. 2008. “Male Teachers as Role Models: Addressing Issues of Masculinity, Pedagogy and the Re-masculinization of Schooling.” Curriculum Inquiry 38 (2): 189–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martino, W., and G. M. Rezai-Rashti. 2010. “Male Teacher Shortage: Black Teachers’ Perspectives.” Gender and Education 22 (3): 247–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashiya, N. 2014. “Becoming a (Male) Foundation Phase Teacher: A Need in South African Schools?” South African Journal of Childhood Education 4 (3): 24–36.
   Google Scholar
• Mashiya, N., L. Kok, N. Luthuli, S. Xulu, and Z. Mtshali. 2015. “Foregrounding the Gender Divides in Early Childhood Teacher Education: A Case of South Africa.” Journal of Social Sciences 42 (3): 259–265.
   Google Scholar
• Mears, C. L. 2009. Interviewing for Education and Social Science Research: The Gateway Approach. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Mears, C. L. 2012. “In-depth Interviews.” In Research Methods and Methodologies in Education, edited by J. Arthur, M. Waring, R. Coe, and L. Hedges, 170–176. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, M. 2004. “Male Teachers, Homophobia, Misogyny and Teacher Education.” Teaching Education 15 (1): 27–39.
   Google Scholar
• Mills, M., M. Haase, and E. Charlton. 2008. “Being the ‘Right’ Kind of Male Teacher: The Disciplining of John.” Pedagogy, Culture & Society 16 (1): 71–84.
   Google Scholar
• Moreau, M., ed. 2014. (In)equalities in the Teaching Profession: A Global Perspective. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Morrell, R. 2006. “Fathers, Fatherhood and Masculinity in South Africa.” In Baba: Men and Fatherhood in South Africa, edited by R. Morrell and L. Richter, 13–25. Cape Town: HSRC.
   Google Scholar
• Morrell, R., and R. Jewkes. 2011. “Carework and Caring: A Path to Gender Equitable Practices among Men in South Africa?” International Journal for Equity in Health 10 (17): 1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrell, R., R. Jewkes, and G. Lindegger. 2012. “Hegemonic Masculinity/Masculinities in South Africa: Culture, Power, and Gender Politics.” Men and Masculinities 15 (1): 11–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrell, R., and L. Richter. 2004. “The Fatherhood Project: Confronting Issues of Masculinity and Sexuality.” Agenda 18 (62): 36–44.
   Google Scholar
• Msibi, T. 2012. “‘I’m Used to It Now’: Experiences of Homophobia among Queer Youth in South African Township Schools.” Gender and Education 24 (5): 515–533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndletyana, M. 2014. “Middle-Class in South Africa: Significance, Role and Impact.” BRICS Academic Forum/Institute for Applied Economic Research 10: 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Neuman, W. L. 2006. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston, MA: Pearson/A and B.
   Google Scholar
• Petersen, N. 2014. “The ‘Good’, the ‘Bad’ and the ‘Ugly’? Views on Male Teachers in FP Education.” South African Journal of Education 34 (1): 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puppa, F. D., and F. Miele. 2015. “Beyond (But Not Too Much) the Male Breadwinner Model: A Qualitative Study on Child Care and Masculinities in Contemporary Italy.” Modern Italy 20 (2): 167–184. doi:10.1080/13532944.2015.1025729.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramphele, M., and L. Richter. 2006. “Migrancy, Family Dissolution and Fatherhood.” In Baba: Men and Fatherhood in South Africa, edited by R. Morrell and L. Richter, 73–81. Cape Town: HSRC.
   Google Scholar
• Ratele, K. 2014. “Hegemonic African Masculinities and Men’s Heterosexual Lives: Some Uses for Homophobia.” African Studies Review 57 (2): 115–130. doi:10.1017/asr.2014.50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratele, K. 2015. “Working Through Resistance in Engaging Boys and Men Towards Gender Equality and Progressive Masculinities.” Culture, Health & Sexuality: An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care 17 (2): 144–158. doi:10.1080/13691058.2015.1048527.
   Google Scholar
• Sargent, P. 2005. “The Gendering of Men in Early Childhood Education.” Sex Roles 52 (3–4): 251–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shefer, T. 2014. “Document Pathways to Gender Equitable Men: Reflections on Findings from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey in the Light of Twenty Years of Gender Change in South Africa.” Men and Masculinities 17 (5): 502–509.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberschmidt, M. 2011. “What Would Make Men Interested in Gender Equality? Reflections from East Africa.” In Men and Development Politicizing Masculinities, edited by A. Cornwall, J. Edstrom, and A. Greig, 98–110. London: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, R. 2005. “Men in Non-traditional Occupations: Career Entry, Career Orientation and Experience of Role Strain.” Gender, Work and Organization 12 (4): 363–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skelton, C. 2003. “Male Primary Teachers and Perceptions of Masculinity.” Educational Review 55 (2): 195–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skelton, C. 2012. “Men Teachers and the ‘Feminised’ Primary School: A Review of the Literature.” Educational Review 64 (1): 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SNAP. 2015. “Primary Schools Educators by Gender, in 2015.” Stats obtained as at the 8 July 2015 via email correspondence. South Africa: Department of Basic Education.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics South Africa. 2015. Mid-Year Population Estimates 2015. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Talbot, K., and M. Quayle. 2010. “The Perils of Being a Nice Guy: Contextual Variation in Five Young Women’s Constructions of Acceptable Hegemonic and Alternative Masculinities.” Men and Masculinities 13 (2): 255–278.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warin, J., and E. Gannerud. 2014. “Gender, Teaching and Care: A Comparative Global Conversation.” Gender and Education 26 (3): 193–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver-Hightower, M. B. 2011. “Male Preservice Teachers and Discouragement from Teaching.” The Journal of Men’s Studies 19 (2): 97–115.
   Google Scholar
• Wernersson, I., J. Warin, and S. Brownhill. 2016. “Conclusions.” In Men, Masculinities and Teaching in Early Childhood Education: International Perspectives on Gender and Care, edited by S. Brownhill, J. Warin, and I. Wenersson, 130–137. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar