What do we expect of school principals? Congruence between principal evaluation and performance standards

References

• Anderson , G. L. 2001 . Disciplining leaders: a critical discourse analysis of the ISLLC National Examination and Performance Standards in educational administration . International Journal of Leadership in Education , 4 (3) : 199 – 216 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , G. L. 2002 . A critique of the test for school leaders . Educational Leadership , 59 (8) : 67 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arkin , J. H. 1999 . A Content Analysis of State Legislative Responses to Educator Assault Ph.D. thesis, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA
   Google Scholar
• Berelson , B. 1952 . Content Analysis in Communication Research , New York : Hafner Publishing Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Blase , J. and Blase , J. 1998 . Principals’ instructional leadership and teacher development: teachers’ perspectives . Educational Administration Quarterly , 35 (3) : 349 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubacker , D. L. , Simon , L. H. and Tysinger , N. K. 1993 . Principals’ leadership styles: the power of the ‘Lalo effect’ . NASSP Bulletin , 77 (553) : 30 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Buck , F. 2006 . A principal’s day: “flexibility is the name of the game” . Principal—The 24‐Hour Principal , 86 (2) : 1 – 2 . Available online at: http://www.naesp.org/ContentLoad.do?contentId=2057&action (accessed 10 November 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Burns , J. M. 1978 . Leadership , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Cascadden , D. S. T. 1998 . Principals as managers and leaders: a qualitative study of the perspectives of selected elementary school principals . Journal of School Leadership , 8 (2) : 137 – 169 .
   Google Scholar
• Checkley , K. 2000 . The contemporary principal: new skills for a new age . Education Update , 42 (3) : 1 – 6 . Available online at: http://www.ascd.org/otb/edup/may00/1may00.html (accessed May 2000)
   Google Scholar
• Clark , S. S. 1995 . The future is now: what leadership skills do principals really need? . The School Administrator , 52 (5) : 8 – 11 .
   Google Scholar
• Conley , D.T. 1987 . Critical attributes of effective evaluation systems . Educational Leadership , 44 (7) : 60 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council of Chief State School Officers . 1996 . Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium: Standards for School Leaders , 5 – 21 . Washington , DC : Council of Chief State School Officers .
   Google Scholar
• Drury , W. R. 1993 . The principal’s role in site‐based management . Principal , 73 (1) : 16 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• DuFour , R. and Eaker , R . 1987 . The principal as leader: two major responsibilities . NASSP Bulletin , 71 (500) : 80 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Duke , D. L. 1992 . Concepts of administrative effectiveness and the evaluation of school administrators . Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education , 6 (2) : 103 – 121 .
   Google Scholar
• English , F. W. 2003 . The Postmodern Challenge to the Theory and Practice of Educational Administration , Springfield , MO : Charles C. Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• Farrandino , V. 2001 . Challenges for 21st‐century elementary school principals . Phi Delta Kappan , 82 (6) : 440 – 442 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiedler , F. E. 1967 . A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness , New York : McGraw‐Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Franklin , J. 2002 . “ The necessary principal: the importance of instructional leadership ” . In Curriculum Update, 1‐6 , Alexandria , VA : Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development .
   Google Scholar
• Fredericks , J. and Brown , S. 1993 . A look at the literature: school effectiveness and principal productivity . NASSP Bulletin , 77 (556) : 9 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Furtwengler , W. and Furtwengler , C. 1998 . Performance assessment in the preparation of educational administrators: a journey . Journal of School Leadership , 8 : 65 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Gall , M. D. , Borg , W. R. and Gall , J. P. 1996 . “ Collecting research data through observation and content analysis ” . In Educational Research: An Introduction , Edited by: Blanford , B. L. and Kerns , A. P. 357 – 365 . New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Garsten , E. and Buckley , F. 1999 . “ School lesson: deflect bullies, prevent violence ” . In CNN.com Available online at: http://www.cnn.com (accessed 6 July 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Getzels , J. W. and Guba , E. G. 1957 . Social behavior and the administrative process . The School Review , 65 : 423 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glasman , N. S. and Heck , R. H. 1992 . The changing leadership role of the principal: implications for principal assessment . Peabody Journal of Education , 68 (1) : 5 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Glasman , N. S. and Martens , P. A. 1992 . Personnel evaluation standards: the use in principal assessment systems . Peabody Journal of Education , 68 (2) : 47 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Glidden , H. 1999 . Making Standards Matter 1999: Executive Summary Available online at: http://www.aft.org/edissues/standards99/index.htm (accessed 9 July 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Green , R. L. 2001 . Practicing the Art of Leadership: A Problem‐based Approach to Implementing the Standards , 1 – 2 . Columbus , OH : Merrill Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Heck , R. H. and Marcoulides , G. A. 1996 . The assessment of principal performance: a multilevel evaluation approach . Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education , 10 : 11 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Herrity , V. A. and Glasman , N. S. 1999 . Training administrators for culturally and linguistically diverse school populations: opinions of expert practitioners . Journal of School Leadership , 9 : 235 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , L. A. 2005 . Why principals quit . NAESP Principal , 2005 (January/February) : 21 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Kearns , D. T. and Harvey , J. 2001 . Redefining public schools . Educational Leadership , 58 (4) : 52 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouzes , J. M. and Posner , B. Z. 1995 . The Leadership Challenge , 19 – 31 . San Francisco , CA : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff , K. 1980 . Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology , Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Langer , S. and Boris‐Schacter , S. 2003 . Challenging the image of the American principalship . Principal , 83 (1) : 14 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Lashway , L. 1995a . Facilitative leadership . ERIC Digest , 96 : 1 – 3 . Available online at: http://www.eric.gov/ERIC/portalHomeportal (accessed 2 February 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Lashway , L. 1995b . Can instructional leaders be facilitative leaders? . ERIC Digest , 98 : 1 – 4 . Available online at: http://www.eric.gov/ERIC/portalHomeportal (accessed 2 February 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Lashway , L. 1996 . The strategies of a leader . ERIC Digest , 105 : 1 – 3 . Available online at: http://www.eric.gov/ERIC/portalHomeportal (accessed 2 February 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Liontos , L. B. 1992 . Transformational leadership . ERIC Digest , 72 : 1 – 4 . Available online at: http://www.eric.gov/ERIC/portalHomeportal (accessed 2 February 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Marcoulides , G. A. and Heck , R. H. 1993 . Examining administrative leadership behavior: a comparison of principals and assistant principals . Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education , 7 (1) : 81 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Mintzberg , H. 1979 . The Structuring of Organizations , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , D. H. 1999 . “ Where have all the principals gone? ” . Available online at: http://www.eric.gov/ERIC/portalHomeportal (accessed 2 February 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , J. 2001 . The Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium: standards for school leaders . The AASA Professor , 24 (2) : 2 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• National Association of Elementary School Principals . 2001 . Leading Learning Commmunities: Standards for What Principals Should Know and Be Able To Do , Washington , DC : National Association of Elementary School Principals .
   Google Scholar
• Pajak , E. and McAfee , L. 1992 . The principal as school leader, curriculum leader . NASSP Bulletin , 7 (547) : 21 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Park , D., Jr . 1980 . What management is and isn’t . Educational Record , 61 (4) : 72 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Peladeau , N. 1999 . WordStat Content Analysis Module for SIMSTAT: User’s Guide , Montreal , , Canada : Provalis Research .
   Google Scholar
• Piltch , B. and Fredericks , R. 2005 . School politics . NAESP Principal , 2005 (January/February) : 11 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Price , L. 1999 . “ Bullying rampant in U.S. middle schools ” . In CNN.com Available online at: http://www.cnn.com (accessed 6 July 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Queen , J. A. and Schumacher , D. 2006 . A survival guide for frazzled principals . Principal—The 24‐Hour Principal , 86 (2) : 1 – 4 . Available online at: http://www.naesp.org/ContentLoad.do?contentId=2054&action (accessed 10 November 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Rinehart , J. S. , Short , P. M. , Short , R. J. and Eckley , M. 1998 . Teacher empowerment and principal leadership: understanding the influence process . Educational Administration Quarterly , 34 (4) : 630 – 649 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenblatt , Z. and Somech , A. 1998 . The work behavior of Israeli elementary school principals: expectations versus reality . Educational Administration Quarterly , 34 (4) : 505 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosengren , K. E. 1981 . Advances in Content Analysis , Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , B. M. and Schwartz , M. A. 2000 . Sociology: Making Sense of the Social World , Boston , MA : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Shellinger , M. 2005 . Alternative School Administration Study Available online at: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICdocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/31/ba/23.pdf (accessed 10 November 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Sergiovanni , T. J. and Starratt , R. J. 1993 . Supervision: A Redefinition , New York : McGraw Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Shen , J. and Hsieh , C. 1999 . The instructional goals of the school leadership program: future school leaders’ and educational leadership professors’ perspectives . Journal of School Leadership , 9 (1) : 79 – 91 .
   Google Scholar
• Shortt , T. L. , Moffett , C. F. and Williams , S. J. 2001 . A blueprint for action: creating a school community with no bullies . The Virginia Principal , 6 : 14 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Stolp , S. 1994 . Leadership for School Culture . ERIC Digest , 91 : 1 – 4 . (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED379198). Available online at: www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortalHomeportal (accessed 2 February 2001)
   Google Scholar
• Stronge , J. H. 1991 . The dynamics of effective performance evaluation systems in education: conceptual, human relations, and technical domains . Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education , 5 (1) : 77 – 83 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stronge , J. H. 1993 . Defining the principalship: Instructional leader or middle manager? . NASSP Bulletin , 77 (553) : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Stufflebeam , D. L. and Nevo , D. 1993 . Principal evaluation: new directions for improvement . Peabody Journal of Education , 68 (2) : 24 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Thio , A. 2000 . Sociology: A Brief Introduction , (4th edn) , Boston , MA : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , D. D. , Grigsby , C. J. , Miller , J. C. and Scully , W. M. 2003 . Networking: a life net for embattled principals . Principal , 83 (1) : 40 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Tyack , D. and Cuban , L. 1995 . Tinkering Toward Utopia , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ubben , G. C. and Hughes , L. W. 1997 . The Principalship: Creative Leadership for Effective Schools , Boston , MA : Allyn and Bacon .
   Google Scholar
• US General Accounting Office . 1996 . Content Analysis: A Methodology for Structuring and Analyzing Written Material , Washington , DC : US General Accounting Office Program Evaluation and Methodology Division . Report no. USGAO/PEMD‐10.3.1
   Google Scholar
• Virginia Department of Education . 2000 . Guidelines for Uniform Performance Standards and Evaluation Criteria for Teachers, Administrators, and Superintendents , Richmond , VA : Virginia Department of Education .
   Google Scholar
• Villani , S. 1999 . Are You Sure You’re the Principal?: On Being an Authentic Leader , Thousand Oaks , CA : Corwin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Weber , R. P. 1990 . Basic Content Analysis , Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Winter , P. A. , McCabe , D. H. and Newton , R. M. 1998 . Principal selection decisions made by teachers: the influence of work values, principal job attributes, and school level . Journal of School Leadership , 8 (3) : 251 – 279 .
   Google Scholar