295
Views
27
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Depression in the oldest old in urban and rural municipalities

, , &
Pages 570-578 | Received 25 Apr 2006, Accepted 19 Sep 2006, Published online: 11 Oct 2007

References

  • Anstey , KJ and Luszcz , MA . 2002 . Mortality risk varies according to gender and change in depressive status in very old adults . Psychosomatic Medicine , 64 : 880 – 888 .
  • Beekman , AT , Copeland , JR and Prince , MJ . 1999 . Review of community prevalence of depression in later life . British Journal of Psychiatry , 174 : 307 – 311 .
  • Bergdahl , E , Gustavsson , JM , Kallin , K , von Heideken Wagert , P , Lundman , B Bucht , G . 2005 . Depression among the oldest old: The umea 85+ study . International Psychogeriatrics , 17 : 557 – 575 .
  • Blazer , DG . 2000 . Psychiatry and the oldest old . American Journal of Psychiatry , 157 : 1915 – 1924 .
  • Blazer , DG . 2003 . Depression in late life: Review and commentary . Journals of Gerontology Series A Biological and Medical Science , 58 : 249 – 265 .
  • Butters , MA , Whyte , EM , Nebes , RD , Begley , AE , Dew , MA Mulsant , BH . 2004 . The nature and determinants of neuropsychological functioning in late-life depression . Archhives of General Psychiatry , 61 : 587 – 595 .
  • Carpiniello , B , Carta , MG and Rudas , N . 1989 . Depression among elderly people: A psychosocial study of urban and rural populations . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 80 : 445 – 450 .
  • Carrington Reid , M , Williams , CS , Concato , J , Tinetti , ME and Gill , TM . 2003 . Depressive symptoms as a risk factor for disabling back pain in community-dwelling older persons . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 51 : 1710 – 1717 .
  • Carroll , LJ , Cassidy , JD and Cote , P . 2004 . Depression as a risk factor for onset of an episode of troublesome neck and low back pain . Pain , 107 : 134 – 139 .
  • Chou , KL and Chi , I . 2003 . Reciprocal relationship between social support and depressive symptoms among chinese elderly . Aging and Mental Health , 7 : 224 – 231 .
  • Dall , J and Hopkins , A . 1992 . Standardised assessment scales for elderly people , London : The royal College of Physicians of London and the British Geriatrics Society .
  • de Craen , AJ , Heeren , TJ and Gussekloo , J . 2003 . Accuracy of the 15-item geriatric depression scale (gds-15) in a community sample of the oldest old . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 18 : 63 – 66 .
  • Fishbain , DA , Cutler , R , Rosomoff , HL and Rosomoff , RS . 1997 . Chronic pain-associated depression: Antecedent or consequence of chronic pain? A review . Clinical Journal of Pain , 13 : 116 – 137 .
  • Folstein , MF , Folstein , SE and McHugh , PR . 1975 . ‘Mini-mental state’: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician . Journal of Psychiatric Research , 12 : 189 – 198 .
  • Forsell , Y . 2000 . Predictors for depression, anxiety and psychotic symptoms in a very elderly population: Data from a 3-year follow-up study . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 35 : 259 – 263 .
  • Forsell , Y and Winblad , B . 1999 . Incidence of major depression in a very elderly population . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 14 : 368 – 372 .
  • Ganguli , M , Dube , S , Johnston , JM , Pandav , R , Chandra , V and Dodge , HH . 1999 . Depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment and functional impairment in a rural elderly population in India: A Hindi version of the geriatric depression scale (gds-h) . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 14 : 807 – 820 .
  • Guigoz , Y and Vellas , BJ . 1994 . Mini nutritional assessment: A practical assessment toll for grading the state of elderly patients . Facts Res Int Gerontology , 4 ( Suppl. 2 ) : S15 – S59 .
  • Heikkinen , RL and Kauppinen , M . 2004 . Depressive symptoms in late life: A 10-year follow-up . Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics , 38 : 239 – 250 .
  • Jensen , E and Dehlin , O . 1993 . A comparison between three psychogeriatric rating scales . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 8 : 215 – 229 .
  • Kallin , K , Jensen , J , Olsson , LL , Nyberg , L and Gustafson , Y . 2004 . Why the elderly fall in residential care facilities and suggested remedies . Journal of Family Practitioners , 53 : 41 – 52 .
  • Kim , JM , Shin , IS , Yoon , JS and Stewart , R . 2002 . Prevalence and correlates of late-life depression compared between urban and rural populations in Korea . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 17 : 409 – 415 .
  • Kivela , SL and Pahkala , K . 2001 . Depressive disorder as a predictor of physical disability in old age . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 49 : 290 – 296 .
  • Lawton , MP . 1975 . The philadelphia geriatric center morale scale: A revision . Journal of Gerontology , 30 : 85 – 89 .
  • Mahoney , FI and Barthel , DW . 1965 . Functional evaluation: The Barthel index . Maryland State Medical Journal , 14 : 61 – 65 .
  • Michalak , EE , Wilkinson , C , Hood , K , Srinivasan , J , Dowrick , C and Dunn , G . 2002 . Prevalence and risk factors for depression in a rural setting. Results from the north Wales arm of the Odin project . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 37 : 567 – 571 .
  • Montgomery , SA and Åsberg , M . 1979 . A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change . British Journal of Psychiatry , 40 : 382 – 389 .
  • Neff , JA . 1983 . Urbanicity and depression reconsidered. The evidence regarding depressive symptomatology . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 171 : 546 – 552 .
  • Nygren , B , Alex , L , Jonsen , E , Gustafson , Y , Norberg , A and Lundman , B . 2005 . Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old . Aging and Mental Health , 9 : 354 – 362 .
  • Osborn , DP , Fletcher , AE , Smeeth , L , Stirling , S , Bulpitt , CJ Breeze , E . 2003 . Factors associated with depression in a representative sample of 14,217 people aged 75 and over in the United Kingdom: Results from the MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the community . International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 18 : 623 – 630 .
  • Pirlich , M and Lochs , H . 2001 . Nutrition in the elderly . Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol , 15 : 869 – 884 .
  • Rinaldi , P , Mecocci , P , Benedetti , C , Ercolani , S , Bregnocchi , M Menculini , G . 2003 . Validation of the five-item geriatric depression scale in elderly subjects in three different settings . Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , 51 : 694 – 698 .
  • Rudy , TE , Kerns , RD and Turk , DC . 1988 . Chronic pain and depression: Toward a cognitive-behavioral mediation model . Pain , 35 : 129 – 140 .
  • Schoevers , RA , Beekman , AT , Deeg , DJ , Hooijer , C , Jonker , C and van Tilburg , W . 2003 . The natural history of late-life depression: Results from the Amsterdam study of the elderly (AMSTEL) . Journal of Affective Disorders , 76 : 5 – 14 .
  • Schulz , R , Beach , SR , Ives , DG , Martire , LM , Ariyo , AA and Kop , WJ . 2000 . Association between depression and mortality in older adults: The cardiovascular health study . Archives of Internal Medicine , 160 : 1761 – 1768 .
  • Schulz , R , Drayer , RA and Rollman , BL . 2002 . Depression as a risk factor for non-suicide mortality in the elderly . Biological Psychiatry , 52 : 205 – 225 .
  • Sheik , J and Yesavage , J . 1986 . Geriatric depression scale (GDS): Recent evidence and development of a shorter version . Clinical Gerontology , 5 : 165 – 172 .
  • Steffens , DC , Skoog , I , Norton , MC , Hart , AD , Tschanz , JT Plassman , BL . 2000 . Prevalence of depression and its treatment in an elderly population: The cache county study . Archives of General Psychiatry , 57 : 601 – 607 .
  • Wang , JL . 2004 . Rural-urban differences in the prevalence of major depression and associated impairment . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 39 : 19 – 25 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.