The adaptive and maladaptive faces of dependency in later life: Links to physical and psychological health outcomes

References

• Alea , N and Cunningham , WR . 2003 . Compensatory help-seeking in young and older adults: Does seeking help, help? . Experimental Aging Research , 29 ( 4 ) : 437 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso-Arbiol , I , Shaver , PR and Yarnoz , S . 2002 . Insecure attachment, gender roles, and interpersonal dependency in the Basque Country . Personal Relationships , 9 ( 4 ) : 479 – 490 .
   Google Scholar
• Baltes , MM . 1996 . The many faces of dependency in old age , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Baltes , PB . 1987 . Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics bteween growth and decline . Developmental Psychology , 23 ( 5 ) : 611 – 626 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besser , A and Priel , B . 2005 . Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition in late adulthood depression: Personality predispositions, and protective factors . Social Behavior and Personality , 33 ( 4 ) : 351 – 382 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birtchnell , J . 1988 . Defining dependence . British Journal of Medical Psychology , 61 ( 2 ) : 111 – 123 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blumberg , SH and Izard , CE . 1985 . Affective and cognitive characteristics of depression in 10- and 11-year-old children . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 49 ( 1 ) : 194 – 202 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blumberg , SH and Izard , CE . 1986 . Discriminating patterns of emotions in 10- and 11-yr-old children's anxiety and depression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 ( 4 ) : 852 – 857 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , RF . 1992 . The dependent personality: Developmental, social, and clinical perspectives . Psychological Bulletin , 112 ( 1 ) : 3 – 23 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bornstein , RF . 1994 . Adaptive and maladaptive aspects of dependency: An integrative review . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 64 ( 4 ) : 622 – 635 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bornstein , RF . 1995 . Interpersonal dependency and physical illness: The mediating roles of stress and social support . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 14 ( 3 ) : 225 – 243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , RF . 1998a . Depathologizing dependency . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 186 ( 2 ) : 67 – 73 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bornstein , RF . 1998b . Interpersonal dependency and physical illness: A meta-analytic review of retrospective and prospective studies . Journal of Research in Personality , 32 ( 4 ) : 480 – 497 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , RF and Cecero , JJ . 2000 . Deconstructing dependency in a five-factor world: A meta-analytic review . Journal of Personality Assessment , 74 ( 2 ) : 324 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , RF , Geiselman , KJ , Eisenhart , EA and Languirand , MA . 2002 . Construct validity of the relationship profile test – Links with attachment, identity, relatedness, and affect . Assessment , 9 ( 4 ) : 373 – 381 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bornstein , RF , Geiselman , KJ , Gallagher , HA , Ng , HM , Hughes , EE and Languirand , MA . 2004 . Construct validity of the Relationship Profile Test: Impact of gender, gender role, and gender role stereotype . Journal of Personality Assessment , 82 ( 1 ) : 104 – 113 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , RF , Krukonis , AB , Manning , KA , Mastrosimone , CC and Rossner , SC . 1993 . Interpersonal dependency and health service utilization in a college student sample . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 12 ( 3 ) : 262 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein , RF and Languirand , MA . 2004 . A new clinical measure of overdependence, detachment, and healthy dependency. The relationship profile test . Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association , 52 ( 2 ) : 470 – 471 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bornstein , RF , Languirand , MA , Geiselman , KJ , Creighton , JA , West , MA Gallagher , HA . 2003 . Construct validity of the Relationship Profile Test: A self-report measure of dependency-detachment . Journal of Personality Assessment , 80 ( 1 ) : 64 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein , RF , Riggs , JM , Hill , EL and Calabrese , C . 1996 . Activity, passivity, self-denigration, and self-promotion: Toward an interactionist model of interpersonal dependency . Journal of Personality , 64 ( 3 ) : 637 – 673 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carstensen , LL . 1993 . “ Motivation for social contact across the life span: A theory of socioemotional selectivity ” . In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Developmental perspectives on motivation , Edited by: Jacobs , JE . 209 – 254 . Lincoln, NE : University of Nebraska Press .
   Google Scholar
• Consedine , NS . 2008 . “ Health-promoting and health damaging effects of emotions: The view from developmental functionalism ” . In Handbook of emotions , (3rd ed.) , Edited by: Lewis , M , Haviland-Jones , J and Barrett , LF . 676 – 690 . New York : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Consedine , NS , Magai , C and Bonanno , GA . 2002 . Moderators of the emotion inhibition-health relationship: A review and research agenda . Review of General Psychology , 6 : 204 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consedine , NS , Magai , C , Cohen , CI and Gillespie , M . 2002 . Ethnic variation in the impact of negative affect and emotion inhibition on the health of older adults . Journal of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences , 57B ( 5 ) : 396 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• Consedine , NS and Moscowitz , JT . 2007 . The role of discrete emotions in health outcomes: a critical review . Journal of Applied and Preventive Psychology , 12 : 59 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , DK and Helmes , E . 2006 . Interpersonal dependency in older adults and the risks of developing mood and mobility problems when receiving care at home . Aging & Mental Health , 10 ( 1 ) : 63 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , DK and Helmes , E . 2007 . Development of the interpersonal dependency scale for older adults . Australasian Journal on Ageing , 26 ( 1 ) : 40 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Golden , RR , Teresi , JA and Gurland , BJ . 1984 . Development of indicator scales for the Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation (CARE) . Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 39 : 138 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg , RP and Dattore , PJ . 1981 . The relationship between dependency and the development of cancer . Psychosomatic Medicine , 43 ( 1 ) : 35 – 43 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffin , DW and Bartholomew , K . 1994 . Models of the self and others: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 430 – 445 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschfeld , RMA , Klerman , GL , Gough , HG , Barrett , J , Korchin , SJ and Chodoff , P . 1977 . A measure of interpersonal dependency . Journal of Personality Assessment , 41 ( 6 ) : 610 – 618 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huprich , SK , Clancy , C , Bornstein , RF and Nelson-Gray , RO . 2004 . Do dependency and social skills combine to predict depression? Linking two diatheses in mood disorders research . Individual Differences Research , 2 ( 1 ) : 2 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Izard , CE . 1972 . Patterns of emotions: A new analysis of anxiety and depression , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , JS . 2002 . What can resolve the paradox of mental health disparities . APA Monitor on Psychology , 33 : 46
   Google Scholar
• Nagurney , AJ , Reich , JW and Newsom , JT . 2004 . Gender moderates the effects of independence and dependence desires during the social support process . Psychology and Aging , 19 ( 1 ) : 215 – 218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overholser , JC . 1990 . Emotional reliance and social loss: Effects on depressive symptomatology . Journal of Personality Assessment , 55 ( 3/4 ) : 618 – 629 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Overholser , JC . 1992 . Interpersonal dependency and social loss . Personality and Individual Differences , 13 ( 1 ) : 17 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker , JW . 1997 . Writing about emotional experiences as a therapeutic process . Psychological Science , 8 ( 3 ) : 162 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pincus , AL and Gurtman , MB . 1995 . The three faces of interpersonal dependency: Strucutral analyses of self-report dependency measures . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 ( 4 ) : 744 – 758 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rude , SS and Burnham , BL . 1995 . Connectedness and neediness: Factors of the DEQ and SAS depedency scales . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 19 ( 3 ) : 323 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan , RM , La Guardia , JG , Solky-Butzel , J , Chirkov , V and Kim , Y . 2005 . On the interpersonal regulation of emotions: Emotional reliance across gender, relationships, and cultures . Personal Relationships , 12 ( 1 ) : 145 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teresi , JA , Golden , RR and Gurland , BJ . 1984 . Concurrent and predictive validity of indicator scales developed for the Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation interview schedule . Journals of Gerontology , 39 : 158 – 165 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teresi , JA , Golden , RR , Gurland , BJ , Wilder , DE and Bennett , RG . 1984 . Construct validity of indicator scales developed from the Comprehensive Assessement and Referral Evaluation interview schedule . Journals of Gerontology , 39 : 147 – 157 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner , HA and Turner , RJ . 1999 . Gender, social status, and emotional reliance . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 40 ( 4 ) : 360 – 373 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whiffen , VE , Aube , JA , Thompson , JM and Campbell , TL . 2000 . Attachment beliefs and interpersonal contexts associated with dependency and self-criticism . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 19 ( 2 ) : 184 – 205 .
   Google Scholar