References
- Acton, G.J., & Wright, K.B. (2000). Self-transcendence and family caregivers of adults with dementia. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 18(2), 143–158. doi:10.1177/089801010001800206
- Bookwala, J., & Schulz, R. (1996). Spousal similarity in subjective well-being: The cardiovascular health study. Psychology and Aging, 11(4), 582–590. doi:10.1037/0882-7974.11.4.582
- Choi, M.J., & Kim, K.H. (1998). Use of the center for epidemiologic studies depression (CES-D) scale in Korea. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 186, 304–310.
- Crumbaugh, J. (1968). Cross-validation of a purpose in life test based on Frankl's concepts. Journal of Individual Psychology, 24, 74–81.
- Ellermann, C.R., & Reed, P.G. (2001). Self-transcendence and depression in middle-age adults. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 23(7), 698–713. doi:10.1177/01939450122045492
- Hamer, M., Bates, C.J., & Mishra, G.D. (2011). Depression, physical function, and risk of mortality: National diet and nutrition survey in adults older than 65 years. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(1), 72–78. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181df465e
- Kidd, L.I., Zauszniewski, J.A., & Morris, D.L. (2011). Benefits of a poetry writing intervention for family caregivers of elders with dementia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 32(9), 598–604. doi:10.3109/01612840.2011.576801
- Kim, H., Park, S.-M., Jang, S.-N., & Kwon, S. (2011). Depressive symptoms, chronic medical illness, and health care utilization: Findings from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). International Psychogeriatrics, 23(8), 1285–1293. doi:10.1017/S1041610211000123
- Kim, J.S., & Lee, E.H. (2003). Cultural and noncultural predictors of health outcomes in Korean daughter and daughter-in-law caregivers. Public Health Nursing, 20(2), 111–119. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1446.2003.20205.x
- Kim, S. (2008). Interdependence of spirituality and well-being among Korean elders and family caregivers ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
- Kim, S.S., Hayward, R.D., & Kang, Y. (2013). Psychological, physical, social, and spiritual well-being similarities between Korean older adults and family caregivers. Geriatric Nursing, 34, 35–40. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2012.07.010
- Kim, S.S., Reed, P.G., Hayward, R.D., Kang, Y., & Koenig, H.G. (2011). Spirituality and psychological well-being: Testing a theory of family interdependence among family caregivers and their elders. Research in Nursing & Health, 34(2), 103–115. doi:10.1002/nur.20425
- Kim, S.S., Reed, P.G., Kang, Y., & Oh, J. (2012). Translation and psychometric testing of the Korean versions of the spiritual perspective scale and the self-transcendence scale in Korean elders. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 42(7), 974–983. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2012.07.010
- Koenig, H., King, D., & Carson, V.B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Krause, N. (2007). Evaluating the stress-buffering function of meaning in life among older people. Journal of Aging and Health, 19(5), 792–812. doi:10.1177/0898264307304390
- Lee, E.K.O. (2007). Religion and spirituality as predictors of well-being among Chinese American and Korean American older adults. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 19(3), 77–100. doi:10.1300/J496v19n03_06
- Lee, S.J., Jung, K.H., Kang, E.J., Kang, S.K., Lee, S.H., & Kim, Y.A. (2009). Socio-economic factors and policy implication of elderly suicide. Seoul: Korean Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
- Lee, Y.M., & Holm, K. (2011). Family relationships and depression among elderly Korean immigrants. ISRN nursing, 2011, 1–7. doi:10.5402/2011/429249
- Lim, C., & Putnam, R.D. (2010). Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 914–933. doi:10.1177/0003122410386686
- Mittelman, M.S., Haley, W.E., Clay, O.J., & Roth, D.L. (2006). Improving caregiver well-being delays nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 67(9), 1592–1599. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000242727.81172.91
- Moberg, D.O. (2005). Research in spirituality, religion, and aging. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 45(1–2), 11–40. doi:10.1300/J083v45n01_02
- Nelson, C., Jacobson, C.M., Weinberger, M.I., Bhaskaran, V., Rosenfeld, B., Breitbart, W., … Roth, A.J. (2009). The role of spirituality in the relationship between religiosity and depression in prostate cancer patients. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(2), 105–114. doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9139-y
- Nevitt, J., & Hancock, G.R. (2001). Performance of bootstrapping approaches to model test statistics and parameter standard error estimation in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8, 353–377. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0803_2
- Nygren, B., Aléx, L., Jonsén, E., Gustafson, Y., Norberg, A., & Lundman, B. (2005). Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old. Aging & Mental Health, 9(4), 354–362. doi:10.1080/1360500114415
- Oyserman, D., Coon, H.M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), 3–72. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3
- Park, J.H., & Kim, K.W. (2011). A review of the epidemiology of depression in Korea. Journal of the Korean Medicine Association, 54(4), 362–369. doi:10.5124/jkma.2011.54.4.362
- Pinquart, M. (2002). Creating and maintaining purpose in life in old age: A meta-analysis. Ageing International, 27(2), 90–114. doi:10.1007/s12126-002-1004-2
- Pot, A.M., Bohlmeijer, E.T., Onrust, S., Melenhorst, A.S., Veerbeek, M., & De Vries, W. (2010). The impact of life review on depression in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(4), 572–581. doi:10.1017/S104161020999175X
- Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.
- Reed, P.G. (1986). Religiousness among terminally ill and healthy adults. Research in Nursing & Health, 9, 35–42. doi:10.1002/nur.4770090107
- Reed, P.G. (1987). Spirituality and well-being in terminally ill hospitalized adults. Research in Nursing & Health, 10, 335–344. doi:10.1002/nur.4770100507
- Reed, P.G. (1991). Self-transcendence and mental health in oldest-old adults. Nursing Research, 40, 5–11.
- Reed, P.G. (2014). Theory of self-transcendence. In M.J. Smith & P.R. Liehr (Eds.), Middle range theory for nursing (3rd ed, pp. 109–139). New York, NY: Springer.
- Stanley, M.A., Bush, A.L., Camp, M.E., Jameson, J.P., Phillips, L.L., Barber, C.R., … Cully, J.A. (2011). Older adults’ preferences for religion/spirituality in treatment for anxiety and depression. Aging & Mental Health, 15(3), 334–343. doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.519326
- Stinson, C.K., & Kirk, E. (2006). Structured reminiscence: An intervention to decrease depression and increase self-transcendence in older women. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15(2), 208–218. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01292.x
- Vinkers, D.J., Stek, M.L., Gussekloo, J., van der Mast, R.C., & Westendorp, R.G. (2004). Does depression in old age increase only cardiovascular mortality? The Leiden 85-plus study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(9), 852–857. doi: 10.1002/gps.1169
- Watson, J. (1988). Nursing: Human science and human care: A theory of nursing. New York, NY: National League for Nursing.
- Westerhof, G.J., Bohlmeijer, E.T., van Beljouw, I.M., & Pot, A.M. (2010). Improvement in personal meaning mediates the effects of a life review intervention on depressive symptoms in a randomized controlled trial. The Gerontologist, 50(4), 541–549. doi:10.1093/geront/gnp168
- You, K.S., Lee, H.O., Fitzpatrick, J.J., Kim, S., Marui, E., Lee, J.S., … Cook, P. (2009). Spirituality, depression, living alone, and perceived health among Korean older adults in the community. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 23(4), 309–322. doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.07.003
- Zeller, R.A. (1980). Measurement in the social sciences: The link between theory and data CUP Archive. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.