References
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
- Amir, D. (1997). Understanding the role of folk songs in Jewish-Israeli culture: Implications for music therapy. The World of Music, 39, 111–127.
- Beckham, J.C., Calhoun, P.S., Glenn, D.M., & Barefoot, J.C. (2002). Posttraumatic stress disorder, hostility, and health in women: A review of current research. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 219–228. doi: 10.1207/s15324796abm2403_07
- Ben-Ezra, M., Palgi, Y., Hamama-Raz, Y., & Shrira, A. (2015). Factors predicting risk for PTSD among highly exposed civilians: Two longitudinal studies. Psychiatric Quarterly, 86, 19–32. doi: 0.1007/s11126-014-9323-5
- Bensimon, M., Levine, S.Z., Zerach, G., Stein, E., Svetlicky, V., & Solomon, Z. (2013). Elaboration on posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic criteria: A factor analytic study of PTSD exposure to war or terror. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 50, 84–90.
- Bergh, A., & Sloboda, J. (2010). Music and art in conflict transformation: A review. Music and Arts in Action, 2, 2–18. doi: 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199581566.003.0018
- Besser, A., Zeigler-Hill, V., Weinberg, M., Pincus, A.L., & Neria, Y. (2015). Intrapersonal resilience moderates the association between exposure-severity and PTSD symptoms among civilians exposed to the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict. Self and Identity, 14, 1–15. doi: 10.1002/jts.20420
- Bilu, Y., & Witztum, E. (2000). War-related loss and suffering in Israeli society: An historical perspective. Israel Studies, 5, 1–31. doi: 10.2979/isr.2000.5.2.1
- Bin-Nun, S. (2014). The most played song on the radio during memorial day: "Ma Avarech" [Hebrew]. Retrieved from www.walla.co.il
- Bodner, E., & Bergman, Y. (in press). The power of national music in reducing prejudice and enhancing theory of mind among Jews and Arabs in Israel. Psychology of Music, doi: 10.1177/0305735616640599
- Bodner, E., & Gilboa, A. (2009). On the power of music to affect intergroup relations. Musicae Scientiae: Journal of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music. 13, 85–115. doi: 10.1177/1029864909013001004
- Bodner, E., Iancu, I., Gilboa, A., Sarel, A., Mazor, A., & Amir, D. (2007). Finding words for emotions: The reactions of patients with major depressive disorder towards various musical excerpts. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 34, 142–150. doi: 10.1016/j.aip.2006.12.002
- Bodner, E., Shrira, A., Bergman, Y., & Cohen-Fridel, S. (2015). Anxieties about aging and death and psychological distress: The protective role of emotional complexity. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 91–96. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.052
- Brodsky, W. (1991). A personal perspective of the power of music and mass communication, prior to and during the Gulf War crisis in Israel: Implications for music therapy. Music Therapy, 10, 99–113. doi: 10.1093/mt/10.1.99
- Carr, C., d'Ardenne, P., Sloboda, A., Scott, C., Wang, D., & Priebe, S. (2012). Group music therapy for patients with persistent post‐traumatic stress disorder – an exploratory randomized controlled trial with mixed methods evaluation. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 85, 179–202. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02026.x
- Carstensen, L.L., Pasupathi, M., Mayr, U., & Nesselroade, J.R. (2000). Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 644–655. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.4.644
- Carstensen, L.L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G.R., … Nesselroade, J.R. (2011). Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling. Psychology and Aging, 26, 21–33. doi: 10.1037/a0021285
- Charles, S.T. (2010). Strength and vulnerability integration: A model of emotional well-being across adulthood. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 1068–1091. doi: 10.1037/a0021232
- Charles, S.T., & Piazza, J.R. (2009). Age differences in affective wellbeing: Context matters. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3, 711–724. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00202.x1
- Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143–156. doi: 10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y
- Dinnen, S., Simiola, V., & Cook, J.M. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder in older adults: A systematic review of the psychotherapy treatment literature. Aging & Mental Health, 19, 144–150. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.920299
- Forman, M. (2002). Soundtrack to a crisis: Music, context, discourse. Television and News Media, 3, 191–204. doi: 10.1177/152747640200300211
- Gelkopf, M., Berger, R., Bleich, A., & Silver, R.C. (2012). Protective factors and predictors of vulnerability to chronic stress: A comparative study of 4 communities after 7 years of continuous rocket fire. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 757–766. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.10.022
- Gilboa, A., & Bodner, E. (2009). What are your thoughts when the national anthem is playing? An empirical exploration. Psychology of Music, 37, 459–484. doi: 10.1177/0305735608097249
- Hayes, A.F. (2013). An introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Hays, T., & Minichiello, V. (2005). The meaning of music in the lives of older people: A qualitative study. Psychology of Music, 33, 437–451. doi: 10.1177/0305735605056160
- Hoffman, Y., Cohen-Fridel, S., Bodner, E., Grossman, S.E., & Shrira, A. (2016). Confidence in the 'Iron Dome' missile defense system combined with a sense of resilience reduce the effect of exposure on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following missile attacks. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77, 407–408. doi: 10.4088/jcp.15l10024
- Israel‐Cohen, Y., & Kaplan, O. (in press). Traumatic stress during population‐wide exposure to trauma in Israel: Gender as a moderator of the effects of marital status and social support. Stress and Health. doi: 10.1002/smi.2647
- Kaplan, D. (2013). National mood stations: The commemorative mode of Israeli radio broadcasting during memorial days and times of emergency [Hebrew]. Megamot, 49, 232–256.
- Kawakami, A., Furukawa, K., Katahira, K., & Okanoya, K. (2013). Sad music induces pleasant emotion. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 1–15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00311
- Klainin-Yobas, P., Oo, W.N., Suzanne Yew, P.Y., & Lau, Y. (2015). Effects of relaxation interventions on depression and anxiety among older adults: A systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 19, 1043–1055. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2014.997191
- Mroczek, D.K. (2001). Age and emotion in adulthood. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 87–90. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.00122
- Nagi, S.Z. (1976). An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States. The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society, 54, 439–467. doi: 10.2307/3349677
- Najavits, L.M., Sonn, J., Walsh, M., & Weiss, R.D. (2004). Domestic violence in women with PTSD and substance abuse. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 707–715. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.01.003
- Palgi, Y. (in press). Subjective age and perceived distance-to-death moderate the association between posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth among older adults. Aging & Mental Health. doi: /10.1080/13607863.2015.1047320
- Palgi, Y., Ben-Ezra, M., Langer, S., & Essar, N. (2009). The effect of prolonged exposure to war stress on the comorbidity of PTSD and depression among hospital personnel. Psychiatry Research, 168, 262–264. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.003
- Palgi, Y., Shrira, A., Ben-Ezra, M., Cohen-Fridel, S., & Bodner, E. (2011). The relationships between daily optimism, daily pessimism, and affect differ in young and old age. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1294–1299. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2011.02.030
- Palmieri, P.A., Canetti-Nisim, D., Galea, S., Johnson, R.J., & Hobfoll, S.E. (2008). The psychological impact of the Israel–Hezbollah War on Jews and Arabs in Israel: The impact of risk and resilience factors. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 1208–1216. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.06.030
- Park, D.C., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. (2009). The adaptive brain: Aging and neurocognitive scaffolding. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 173–196. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093656
- Pearlin, L.I., Mullan, J.T., Semple, S.J., & Skaff, M.M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 30, 583–594. doi: 10.1093/geront/30.5.583
- Piazza, J.R., Charles, S.T., Luong, G., & Almeida, D.M. (2015). One size fits all? Applying theoretical predictions about age and emotional experience to people with functional disabilities. Psychology and Aging, 30, 930–939. doi: 10.1037/pag0000045
- Preschl, B., Maercker, A., Wagner, B., Forstmeier, S., Baños, R.M., Alcañiz, M., … Botella, C. (2012). Life-review therapy with computer supplements for depression in the elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Aging & Mental Health, 16, 964–974. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2012.702726
- Punkanen, M. (2011). Improvisational music therapy and perceptions of emotions in music by people with depression. Vol. 153, Jyvaskyla Studies in Humanities. Jyväskylä: University Printing House.
- Punkanen, M., Eerola, T., & Erkkila, J. (2011). Biased emotional recognition in depression: Perception of emotions in music by depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130, 118–126. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.10.034
- Sachs-Ericsson, N.J., Rushing, N.C., Stanley, I.H., & Sheffler, J. (2016). In my end is my beginning: Developmental trajectories of adverse childhood experiences to late-life suicide. Aging & Mental Health, 20, 139–165. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1063107
- Schilling, O.K., & Diehl, M. (2014). Reactivity to stressor pile-up in adulthood: Effects on daily negative and positive affect. Psychology and Aging, 29, 72–83. doi: 10.1037/a0035500
- Shifriss, R., Bodner, E., & Palgi, Y. (2015). When you're down and troubled: Views on the regulatory power of music. Psychology of Music, 43, 793–807. doi: 10.1177/0305735614540360
- Shrira, A., Bodner, E., & Palgi, Y. (2016). Positivity ratio of flourishing individuals: Examining the moderation effects of methodological variations and chronological age. Journal of Positive Psychology, 11, 109–123. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1037857
- Shrira, A., Palgi, Y., Ben-Ezra, M., Spalter, T., Kavé, G., & Shmotkin, D. (2011a). For better and for worse: The relationship between future expectations and functioning in the second half of life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66B, 195–203. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbq103
- Shrira, A., Palgi, Y., Wolf, J.J., Haber, Y., Goldray, O., Shacham‐Shmueli, E., & Ben‐Ezra, M. (2011b). The positivity ratio and functioning under stress. Stress and Health, 27, 265–271. doi: 10.1002/smi.1349
- Shrira, A., Shmotkin, D., Palgi, Y., Hoffman, Y., Bodner, E., Ben-Ezra, M., & Litwin, H. (in press). Older adults exposed to ongoing and intense time-limited missile attacks: Differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes.
- Stuart, G.L., Moore, T.M., Gordon, K.C., Ramsey, S.E., & Kahler, C.W. (2006). Psychopathology in women arrested for domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 376–389. doi: 10.1177/0886260505282888
- Taruffi, L., & Koelsch, S. (2014). The paradox of music-evoked sadness: An online survey. Plos One, 9, 1–17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110490
- Vuoskoski, J.K., & Eerola, T. (2015). Extramusical information contributes to emotions induced by music. Psychology of Music, 43, 262–274. doi:10.1177/0305735613502373
- Vuoskoski, J.K., Thompson, W.F., McIlwain, D., & Eerola, T. (2012). Who enjoys listening to sad music and why? Music Perception, 29, 311–317. doi:10.1525/mp.2012.29.3.311
- Weathers, F.W., Litz, B.T., Keane, T.M., Palmieri, P.A., Marx, B.P., & Schnurr, P.P. (2013). The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www.ptsd.va.gov