References
- Allen, A. B., Goldwasser, E. R., & Leary, M. R. (2012). Self-compassion and well-being among older adults. Self and Identity, 11(4), 428–453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2011.595082
- Blackie, R. A., & Kocovski, N. L. (2018). Examining the relationships among self-compassion, social anxiety, and post-event processing. Psychological Reports, 121(4), 669–689. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117740138
- Brinker, J. K., & Dozois, D. J. A. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(1), 1–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20542
- Broderick, P. C. (1998). Early adolescent gender differences in the use of ruminative and distracting coping strategies. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 18(2), 173–191. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431698018002003
- Broderick, P. C., & Korteland, C. (2004). A prospective study of rumination and depression in early adolescence. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9(3), 383–394. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104504043920
- Brown, L., Huffman, J. C., & Bryant, C. (2019). Self-compassionate aging: A systematic review. The Gerontologist, 59(4), e311–e324. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny108
- Brown, L., Karmakar, C., Flynn, M., Motin, M. A., Palaniswami, M., Celano, C. M., … Bryant, C. (2019). A self-compassion group intervention for patients living with chronic medical illness: Treatment development and feasibility study. Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 21(5), 19m02470. doi:https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.19m02470
- Buckman, J. E. J., Underwood, A., Clarke, K., Saunders, R., Hollon, S. D., Fearon, P., & Pilling, S. (2018). Risk factors for relapse and recurrence of depression in adults and how they operate: A four-phase systematic review and meta-synthesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 64, 13–38. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.07.005
- Calvo-Perxas, L., Vilalta-Franch, J., Turro-Garriga, O., Lopez-Pousa, S., & Garre-Olmo, J. (2016). Gender differences in depression and pain: A two year follow-up study of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Journal of Affective Disorders, 193, 157–164. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.034
- Chen, X., Pu, J., Shi, W., & Zhou, Y. (2020). The impact of neuroticism on symptoms of anxiety and depression in elderly adults: The mediating role of rumination. Current Psychology, 39(1), 42–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9740-3
- Cox, S. J., Mezulis, A. H., & Hyde, J. S. (2010). The influence of child gender role and maternal feedback to child stress on the emergence of the gender difference in depressive rumination in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 46(4), 842–852. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019813
- Craig, C., Hiskey, S., Royan, L., Poz, R., & Spector, A. (2018). Compassion focused therapy for people with dementia: A feasibility study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(12), 1727–1735. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4977
- Desrosiers, A., Vine, V., Klemanski, D. H., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2013). Mindfulness and emotion regulation in depression and anxiety: Common and distinct mechanisms of action. Depression and Anxiety, 30(7), 654–661. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22124
- DeVore, R. (2013). Analysis of gender differences in self-statements and mood disorders. McNair Scholars Research Journal, 9(1), 5–12.
- Ehret, A. M., Joormann, J., & Berking, M. (2015). Examining risk and resilience factors for depression: The role of self-criticism and self-compassion. Cognition & Emotion, 29(8), 1496–1499. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.992394
- Foulk, M. A., Ingersoll-Dayton, B., & Fitzgerald, J. (2017). Mindfulness-based forgiveness groups for older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 60(8), 661–615. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2017.1374314
- Geiger, P. J., Boggero, I. A., Brake, C. A., Caldera, C. A., Combs, H. L., Peters, J. R., & Baer, R. A. (2016). Mindfulness-based interventions for older adults: A review of the effects on physical and emotional well-being. Mindfulness, 7(2), 296–307. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0444-1
- Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed.). New York: The Guilford Press.
- Homan, K. (2016). Self-compassion and psychological well-being in older adults. Journal of Adult Development, 23(2), 111–119. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-016-9227-8
- Imtiaz, S., & Kamal, A. (2016). Rumination, optimism, and psychological well-being among the elderly: Self-compassion as a predictor. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 26(1), 32–50.
- Kim, C., & Ko, H. (2018). The impact of self-compassion on mental health, sleep, quality of life and life satisfaction among older adults. Geriatric Nursing, 39(6), 623–628. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.06.005
- Kim, S.-S., Hayward, R. D., & Reed, P. G. (2014). Self-transcendence, spiritual perspective, and sense of purpose in family caregiving relationships: A mediated model of depression symptoms in Korean older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 18(7), 905–909. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.899968
- Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Baettig, I., Doerig, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2013). Self-compassion in depression: Associations with depressive symptoms, rumination, and avoidance in depressed outpatients. Behavior Therapy, 44(3), 501–513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.004
- Kwon, H., Yoon, K. L., Joormann, J., & Kwon, J.-H. (2013). Cultural and gender differences in emotion regulation: Relation to depression. Cognition & Emotion, 27(5), 769–782. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.792244
- Laborde-Lahoz, P., El-Gabalawy, R., Kinley, J., Kirwin, P. D., Sareen, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2015). Subsyndromal depression among older adults in the USA: Prevalence, comorbidity, and risk for new-onset psychiatric disorders in late life: Subsyndromal depression in US adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 30(7), 677–685. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4204
- Macbeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003
- McLaren, S., Turner, J., Gomez, R., McLachlan, A. J., & Gibbs, P. M. (2013). Housing type and depressive symptoms among older adults: A test of sense of belonging as a mediating and moderating variable. Aging & Mental Health, 17(8), 1023–1029. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.805402
- Mohebbi, M., Agustini, B., Woods, R. L., McNeil, J. J., Nelson, M. R., Shah, R. C., … Berk, M, ASPREE Investigator Group (2019). Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors among healthy community-dwelling older adults living in Australia and the United States. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 34(8), 1208–1216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5119
- Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027
- Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
- Neff, K. D. (2009). The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human Development, 52(4), 211–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1159/000215071
- Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the Mindful self-compassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 28–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923
- Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225–240. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569–582. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.569
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(3), 504–511. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.109.3.504
- Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400–424. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
- Purdie, F., & Morley, S. (2015). Self-compassion, pain, and breaking a social contract. Pain, 156(11), 2354–2363. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000287
- Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
- Raes, F. (2010). Rumination and worry as mediators of the relationship between self-compassion and depression and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(6), 757–761. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.01.023
- Reilly, E. D., Rochlen, A. B., & Awad, G. H. (2014). Men’s self-compassion and self-esteem: The moderating roles of shame and masculine norm adherence. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 15(1), 22–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031028
- Ricarte Trives, J. J., Navarro Bravo, B., Latorre Postigo, J. M., Ros Segura, L., & Watkins, E. (2016). Age and gender differences in emotion regulation strategies: Autobiographical memory, rumination, problem solving and distraction. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19, E43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.46
- Smeets, E., Neff, K., Alberts, H., & Peters, M. (2014). Meeting suffering with kindness: Effects of a brief self-compassion intervention for female college students . Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(9), 794–807. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22076
- Terry, M. L., Leary, M. R., & Mehta, S. (2013). Self-compassion as a buffer against homesickness, depression, and dissatisfaction in the transition to college. Self and Identity, 12(3), 278–290. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2012.667913
- Tintle, N., Bacon, B., Kostyuchenko, S., Gutkovich, Z., & Bromet, E. J. (2011). Depression and its correlates in older adults in Ukraine. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(12), 1292–1299. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2681
- Trezise, A., McLaren, S., Gomez, R., Bice, B., & Hodgetts, J. (2018). Resiliency among older adults: Dispositional hope as a protective factor in the insomnia–depressive symptoms relation. Aging & Mental Health, 22(8), 1094–1102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1334191
- Trick, L., Watkins, E., Windeatt, S., & Dickens, C. (2016). The association of perseverative negative thinking with depression, anxiety and emotional distress in people with long term conditions: A systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 91, 89–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.11.004
- Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(1), 123–130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.011
- Yarnell, L. M., Neff, K., Davidson, O., & Mullarkey, M. (2019). Gender differences in self-compassion: Examining the role of gender role orientation. Mindfulness, 10(6), 1136–1152. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1066-1
- Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499–520. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966
- Yu, J., Li, J., Cuijpers, P., Wu, S., & Wu, Z. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: A population-based study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(3), 305–312. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2721
- Zhou, J., Peng, P., & Xie, X. (2018). Prevalence of pain and effects of a brief mindfulness-based intervention on Chinese community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain. Journal of Community Health Nursing, 35(1), 19–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2018.1404831