References
- Beurs, E. D., Beekman, A., Geerlings, S., Deeg, D., Dyck, R. V., & Tilburg, W. V. (2001). On becoming depressed or anxious in late life: Similar vulnerability factors but different effects of stressful life events. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179(5), 426–431. doi:https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.5.426
- Blazer, D. G. (2003). Depression in Late Life: Review and Commentary. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58(3), 249–M265. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.3.m249
- Burke, W. J., Roccaforte, W. H., & Wengel, S. P. (1991). The short form of the geriatric depression scale: a comparison with the 30-item form. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 4(3), 173–178. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/089198879100400310
- Cabrera, O. A., Hoge, C. W., Bliese, P. D., Castro, C. A., & Messer, S. C. (2007). Childhood adversity and combat as predictors of depression and post-traumatic stress in deployed troops. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33(2), 77–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.03.019
- Colman, I., Kingsbury, M., Garad, Y., Zeng, Y., Naicker, K., Patten, S., … Thompson, A. H. (2016). Consistency in adult reporting of adverse childhood experiences. Psychological Medicine, 46(3), 543–549. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715002032
- Comijs, H. C., Beekman, A. T. F., Smit, F., Bremmer, M., Tilburg, T., van., & Deeg, D. J. H. (2007). Childhood adversity, recent life events and depression in late life. Journal of Affective Disorders, 103(1-3), 243–246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.012
- Comijs, H. C., van Exel, E., van der Mast, R. C., Paauw, A., Oude Voshaar, R., & Stek, M. L. (2013). Childhood abuse in late-life depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147(1-3), 241–246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.010
- Ege, M. A., Messias, E., Thapa, P. B., & Krain, L. P. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences and geriatric depression: results from the 2010 BRFSS. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(1), 110–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2014.08.014
- Gaffey, A. E., Bergeman, C. S., Clark, L. A., & Wirth, M. M. (2016). Aging and the HPA axis: Stress and resilience in older adults. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 68, 928–945. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.036
- Gershon, A., Sudheimer, K., Tirouvanziam, R., Williams, L. M., & O'Hara, R. (2013). The long-term impact of early adversity on late-life psychiatric disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 15(4), 352 doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-013-0352-9.
- Glymour, M. M., Weuve, J., Berkman, L. F., Kawachi, I., & Robins, J. M. (2005). When is baseline adjustment useful in analyses of change? an example with education and cognitive change. Am J Epidemiol, 162(3), 267–278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi187
- Hammen, C., Henry, R., & Daley, S. E. (2000). Depression and sensitization to stressors among young women as a function of childhood adversity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 782–787. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.782
- Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Mletzko, T., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2008). The link between childhood trauma and depression: Insights from HPA axis studies in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33(6), 693–710. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.008
- Hostinar, C. E., Lachman, M. E., Mroczek, D. K., Seeman, T. E., & Miller, G. E. (2015). Additive contributions of childhood adversity and recent stressors to inflammation at midlife: Findings from the MIDUS study. Developmental Psychology, 51(11), 1630–1644. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000049
- Inoue, Y., Stickley, A., Yazawa, A., Aida, J., Kawachi, I., Kondo, K., & Fujiwara, T. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences, exposure to a natural disaster and posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(1), 45–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796017000233
- Köhler, S., Verhey, F., Weyerer, S., Wiese, B., Heser, K., Wagner, M., … Maier, W. (2013). Depression, non-fatal stroke and all-cause mortality in old age: A prospective cohort study of primary care patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150(1), 63–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.020
- Kondo, K. (2016). Progress in aging epidemiology in Japan: The JAGES project. Journal of Epidemiology, 26(7), 331–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20160093
- Korkeila, J., Vahtera, J., Nabi, H., Kivimäki, M., Korkeila, K., Sumanen, M., … Koskenvuo, M. (2010). Childhood adversities, adulthood life events and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 127(1–3), 130–138. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.031
- Kraaij, V., & de Wilde, E. J., (2001). Negative life events and depressive symptoms in the elderly: A life span perspective. Aging & Mental Health, 5(1), 84–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860020020681
- Lee, C. M., Mangurian, C., Tieu, L., Ponath, C., Guzman, D., & Kushel, M. (2017). Childhood adversities associated with poor adult mental health outcomes in older homeless adults: results from the HOPE HOME study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(2), 107–117. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2016.07.019
- Nurius, P. S., Green, S., Logan-Greene, P., & Borja, S. (2015). Life course pathways of adverse childhood experiences toward adult psychological well-being: A stress process analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 45, 143–153. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.03.008
- Oldehinkel, A. J., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Nederhof, E. (2014). Childhood adversities and adolescent depression: A matter of both risk and resilience. Development and Psychopathology, 26(4 Pt 1), 1067–1075. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000534
- Patten, S. B., Wilkes, T. C. R., Williams, J. V. A., Lavorato, D. H., El-Guebaly, N., Schopflocher, D., … Bulloch, A. G. M. (2015). Retrospective and prospectively assessed childhood adversity in association with major depression, alcohol consumption and painful conditions. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 24(2), 158–165. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796014000018
- Prince, M. J., Harwood, R. H., Blizard, R. A., Thomas, A., & Mann, A. H. (1997). Social support deficits, loneliness and life events as risk factors for depression in old age. The Gospel Oak Project VI. Psychological Medicine, 27(2), 323–332. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291796004485
- Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- Rudolph, K. D., & Flynn, M. (2007). Childhood adversity and youth depression: Influence of gender and pubertal status. Development and Psychopathology, 19(2), 497–521. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579407070241
- Shiba, K., Kondo, N., Kondo, K., & Kawachi, I. (2017). Retirement and mental health: Dose social participation mitigate the association? A fixed-effects longitudinal analysis. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 526. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4427-0
- Tani, Y., Sasaki, Y., Haseda, M., Kondo, K., & Kondo, N. (2015). Eating alone and depression in older men and women by cohabitation status: The JAGES longitudinal survey. Age and Ageing, 44(6), 1019–1026. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv145
- Taylor, W. D. (2014). Clinical practice. Depression in the elderly. The New England Journal of Medicine, 371(13), 1228–1236. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1402180
- Vink, D., Aartsen, M. J., & Schoevers, R. A. (2008). Risk factors for anxiety and depression in the elderly: A review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106(1–2), 29–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.06.005
- Wada, T., Ishine, M., Sakagami, T., Kita, T., Okumiya, K., Mizuno, K., … Matsubayashi, K. (2005). Depression, activities of daily living, and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly in three Asian countries: Indonesia, Vietnam, and Japan. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 41(3), 271–280. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2005.03.003
- Wilson, R. S., Capuano, A. W., Boyle, P. A., Hoganson, G. M., Hizel, L. P., Shah, R. C., … Bennett, D. A. (2014). Clinical-pathologic study of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in old age. Neurology, 83(8), 702–709. doi:https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000715