169
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Loneliness and social support

The moderating role of everyday discrimination on the association between post-traumatic stress and loneliness among older Puerto Ricans

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , &
Pages 1388-1395 | Received 16 Jun 2022, Accepted 14 Nov 2022, Published online: 29 Nov 2022

References

  • Adams, R. E., & Boscarino, J. A. (2005). Differences in mental health outcomes among whites, African Americans, and Hispanics following a community disaster. Psychiatry, 68(3), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2005.68.3.250
  • Alloush, M., & Bloem, J. R. (2022). Neighborhood violence, poverty, and psychological well-being. Journal of Development Economics, 154, 102756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102756
  • Almeida, J., Biello, K. B., Pedraza, F., Wintner, S., & Viruell-Fuentes, E. (2016). The association between anti-immigrant policies and perceived discrimination among Latinos in the US: A multilevel analysis. SSM - Population Health, 2, 897–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SSMPH.2016.11.003
  • Ayón, C., Marsiglia, F. F., & Bermudez-Parsai, M. (2010). Latino family mental health: Exploring the role of discrimination and familismo. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(6), 742–756. https://doi.org/10.1002/JCOP.20392
  • Badcock, J. C., Adery, L. H., & Park, S. (2020). Loneliness in psychosis: A practical review and critique for clinicians. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 27(4) https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12345
  • Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998). Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in the community: The 1996 Detroit area survey of trauma. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(7), 626–632. https://doi.org/10.1001/ARCHPSYC.55.7.626
  • Calzada, E. J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., & Yoshikawa, H. (2013). Familismo in Mexican and Dominican families from low-income, urban communities. Journal of Family Issues, 34(12), 1696–1724. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12460218
  • Clapp, J. D., & Gayle Beck, J. (2009). Understanding the relationship between PTSD and social support: The role of negative network orientation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BRAT.2008.12.006
  • Cohen-Mansfield, J., & Parpura-Gill, A. (2007). Loneliness in older persons: A theoretical model and empirical findings. International Psychogeriatrics, 19(2), 279–294. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610206004200
  • del Pozo Cruz, B., Perales, F., Alfonso-Rosa, R. M., & del Pozo-Cruz, J. (2021). Impact of social isolation on physical functioning among older adults: A 9-year longitudinal study of a U.S.-representative sample. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 61(2), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2021.02.003
  • Deprince, A. P., Chu, A. T., & Pineda, A. S. (2011). Links between specific posttrauma appraisals and three forms of trauma-related distress. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 3(4), 430–441. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021576
  • Ernst, J. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1999). Lonely hearts: Psychological perspectives on loneliness. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(99)80008-0
  • Foa, E. B. (1995). PDS: Posttraumatic stress diagnostic scale: Manual. Pearson.
  • Fox, R., McHugh Power, J., Coogan, A. N., Beekman, A. T. F., van Tilburg, T. G., & Hyland, P. (2021). Posttraumatic stress disorder and loneliness are associated over time: A longitudinal study on PTSD symptoms and loneliness, among older adults. Psychiatry Research, 299, 113846. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2021.113846
  • Galea, S., Vlahov, D., Tracy, M., Hoover, D. R., Resnick, H., & Kilpatrick, D. (2004). Hispanic ethnicity and post-traumatic stress disorder after a disaster: Evidence from a general population survey after September 11, 2001. Annals of Epidemiology, 14(8), 520–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.01.006
  • Gao, Q., Prina, A. M., Prince, M., Acosta, D., Luisa Sosa, A., Guerra, M., Huang, Y., Jimenez-Velazquez, I. Z., Llibre Rodriguez, J. J., Salas, A., Williams, J. D., Liu, Z., Acosta Castillo, I., & Mayston, R. (2021). Loneliness among older adults in Latin America, China, and India: Prevalence, correlates and association with mortality. International Journal of Public Health, 66, 604449. https://doi.org/10.3389/IJPH.2021.604449/FULL
  • García, C., Sheehan, C. M., Flores-Gonzalez, N., & Ailshire, J. A. (2020). Sleep patterns among US Latinos by nativity and country of origin: Results from the National Health Interview Survey. Ethnicity & Disease, 30(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.18865/ED.30.1.119
  • Garcini, L. M., Brown, R. L., Chen, M. A., Saucedo, L., Fite, A. M., Ye, P., Ziauddin, K., & Fagundes, C. P. (2021). Bereavement among widowed Latinos in the United States: A systematic review of methodology and findings. Death Studies, 45(5), 342–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2019.1648328
  • Gottlieb, B. H., & Bergen, A. E. (2010). Social support concepts and measures. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69(5), 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES.2009.10.001
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12160-010-9210-8
  • Hirschtick, J. L., Homan, S. M., Rauscher, G., Rubin, L. H., Johnson, T. P., Peterson, C. E., & Persky, V. W. (2020). Persistent and aggressive interactions with the police: Potential mental health implications. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, E19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000015
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
  • Hombrados-Mendieta, I., García-Martín, M. A., & Gómez-Jacinto, L. (2013). The relationship between social support, loneliness, and subjective well-being in a Spanish sample from a multidimensional perspective. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1013–1034. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11205-012-0187-5/FIGURES/4
  • Hughes, M. E., Waite, L. J., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on Aging, 26(6), 655–672. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504268574
  • Katz, S. (1983). Assessing self-maintenance: Activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 31(12), 721–727. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x
  • Kravitz-Wirtz, N., Bruns, A., Aubel, A. J., Zhang, X., Buggs, S. A., Kravitz-Wirtz, N., Aubel, A. J., Buggs, S. A., Bruns, A., & Zhang, X. (2022). Inequities in community exposure to deadly gun violence by race/ethnicity, poverty, and neighborhood disadvantage among youth in large US cities. Journal of Urban Health, 99(4), 610–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-022-00656-0
  • Newall, N. E. G., Chipperfield, J. G., & Bailis, D. S. (2014). Predicting stability and change in loneliness in later life. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(3), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513494951
  • Ong, A. D., Uchino, B. N., & Wethington, E. (2016). Loneliness and health in older adults: A mini-review and synthesis. Gerontology, 62(4), 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441651
  • Perreira, K. M., Gotman, N., Isasi, C. R., Arguelles, W., Castañeda, S. F., Daviglus, M. L., Giachello, A. L., Gonzalez, P., Penedo, F. J., Salgado, H., & Wassertheil-Smoller, S. (2015). Mental health and exposure to the United States: Key correlates from the Hispanic community health study of Latinos. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203(9), 670–678. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000350
  • Rote, S. M., Angel, J. L., Kim, J., & Markides, K. S. (2021). Dual trajectories of dementia and social support in the Mexican-origin population. The Gerontologist, 61(3), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.1093/GERONT/GNAA100
  • Royston, P., & White, I. R. (2011). Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE): Implementation in Stata. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v045.i04
  • Ruiz, M. E., & Ransford, H. E. (2012). Latino elders reframing familismo: Implications for health and caregiving support. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 19(2), 50–57.
  • Salas-Wright, C. P., Vaughn, M. G., Goings, T. C., Oh, S., Delva, J., Cohen, M., & Schwartz, S. J. (2020). Trends and mental health correlates of discrimination among Latin American and Asian immigrants in the United States. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55(4), 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00127-019-01811-W
  • Santacrose, D. E., Kia-Keating, M., & Lucio, D. (2021). A systematic review of socioecological factors, community violence exposure, and disparities for Latinx youth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34(5), 1027–1044. https://doi.org/10.1002/JTS.22733
  • Solomon, Z., Bensimon, M., Greene, T., Horesh, D., & Ein-Dor, T. (2015). Loneliness trajectories: The role of posttraumatic symptoms and social support. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 20(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2013.815055
  • Stephens, C., Alpass, F., Towers, A., & Stevenson, B. (2011). The effects of types of social networks, perceived social support, and loneliness on the health of older people: Accounting for the social context. Journal of Aging and Health, 23(6), 887–911. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264311400189
  • Thompson, N. J., Fiorillo, D., Rothbaum, B. O., Ressler, K. J., & Michopoulos, V. (2018). Coping strategies as mediators in relation to resilience and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 225, 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2017.08.049
  • Todorova, I. L. G., Falcón, L. M., Lincoln, A. K., & Price, L. L. (2010). Perceived discrimination, psychological distress and health. Sociology of Health & Illness, 32(6), 843–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-9566.2010.01257.X
  • Tropp, L. R., Erkut, S., Coll, C. G., Alarcón, O., & Vázquez García, H. A. (1999). Psychological acculturation: Development of a new measure for Puerto Ricans on the U.S. mainland. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59(2), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131649921969794
  • Tucker, K. L., Mattei, J., Noel, S. E., Collado, B. M., Mendez, J., Nelson, J., Griffith, J., Ordovas, J. M., & Falcon, L. M. (2010). The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, a longitudinal cohort study on health disparities in Puerto Rican adults: Challenges and opportunities. BMC Public Health, 10(, 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-107
  • U.S. Health Resources & Services Administration. (2019). The “Loneliness Epidemic”. https://www.hrsa.gov/enews/past-issues/2019/january-17/loneliness-epidemic
  • Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., & Hanratty, B. (2018). Loneliness, social isolation and risk of cardiovascular disease in the English longitudinal study of ageing. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 25(13), 1387–1396. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487318792696
  • Vera, M., Juarbe, D., Hernández, N., Obén, A., Pérez-Pedrogo, C., & Chaplin, W. F. (2012). Probable posttraumatic stress disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity among Latino primary care patients in Puerto Rico. Journal of Depression & Anxiety, 1(5), 124. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.1000124
  • Wang, J., Mann, F., Lloyd-Evans, B., Ma, R., & Johnson, S. (2018). Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12888-018-1736-5/TABLES/6
  • Wang, K., Zhang, A., Cuevas, A. G., De Fries, C. M., Hinton, L., & Falcón, L. M. (2022). The association between post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms among older Puerto Ricans in Boston: How does loneliness matter? Journal of Aging and Health, 34(6-8), 786–793. https://doi.org/10.1177/08982643211064123
  • Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J. S., & Anderson, N. B. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socio-economic status, stress and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910539700200305
  • Zhang, X., & Dong, S. (2022). The relationships between social support and loneliness: A meta-analysis and review. Acta Psychologica, 227, 103616. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTPSY.2022.103616
  • Zhang, S., Tian, Y., Sui, Y., Zhang, D., Shi, J., Wang, P., Meng, W., & Si, Y. (2018). Relationships between social support, loneliness, and internet addiction in Chinese postsecondary students: A longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1707. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2018.01707/BIBTEX

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.