What Makes Informal Mentorship in the Medical Realm Effective?

References

• Baker, V. L. (2015). People strategy in human resources: Lessons for mentoring in higher education. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 23, 6–18.10.1080/13611267.2015.1011034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmer, D., D’Alessandro, D., Risko, W., & Gusic, M. E. (2011). How mentoring relationships evolve: A longitudinal study of academic pediatricians in a physician educator faculty development program. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 31, 81–86.10.1002/chp.20110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao, G. T., Walz, P. M., & Gardner, P. D. (1992). Formal and informal mentorships: A comparison on mentoring functions and contrast with nonmentored counterparts. Personnel Psychology, 45, 619–636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, C. A. (1997). Formal mentoring programs in organizations: An annotated bibliography. Greensboro, NC: Centre for Creative Leadership.
   Google Scholar
• Eby, L. T. (2007). Understanding relational problems in mentoring. In G. L. Rose & B. R. Ragins (Eds.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 323–344). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Eby, L. T., Durley, J. R., Evans, S. C., & Ragins, B. R. (2008). Mentors’ perceptions of negative mentoring experiences: Scale development and nomological validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 358–373.10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrich, L. C., Hansford, B., & Tennent, L. (2004). Formal mentoring programs in education and other professions: A review of the literature. Educational Administration Quarterly, 40, 518–540.10.1177/0013161X04267118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellinger, A. D. (2002). The workplace and educational institutions. In C. A. Hansman (Ed.), Critical perspectives on mentoring: Trends and issues (pp. 39–48). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education, Center on Education and Training for Employment, College of Education, the Ohio State University.
   Google Scholar
• Ensher, E. A., & Murphy, S. E. (2011). The mentoring relationship challenges scale: The impact of mentoring stage, type, and gender. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79, 253–266.10.1016/j.jvb.2010.11.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagenson, E. A. (1989). The mentor advantage: Perceived career/job experiences of proteges versus non-proteges. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 10, 309–320.10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1379
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher, J. K., & Ragins, B. R. (2007). Stone center relational cultural theory. In G. L. Rose & B. R. Ragins (Eds.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 373–399). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Graen, G. B., & Cashman, J. F. (1975). A role making model of leadership in formal organizations: A developmental approach. In J. G. Hunt & L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership frontiers (pp. 143–165). Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Healy, N. A., Glynn, R. W., Malone, C., Cantillon, P., & Kerin, M. J. (2012). Surgical mentors and role models: Prevalence, importance and associated traits. Journal of Surgical Education, 69, 633–637.10.1016/j.jsurg.2012.04.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrbach, O., Mignonac, K., & Richebé, N. (2011). Undesired side effect? The promotion of non-commitment in formal vs. informal mentorships. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 1554–1569.10.1080/09585192.2011.561965
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, C., Thomas, K. M., & Lance, C. E. (2008). Intentions to initiate mentoring relationships: Understanding the impact of race, proactivity, feelings of deprivation, and relationship roles. The Journal of Social Psychology, 148, 727–744.10.3200/SOCP.148.6.727-744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irby, B. J. (2013). Editor’s overview: Defining developmental relationships in mentoring for mentor/mentee dyads, for mentors, and for mentoring programs. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 21, 333–337.10.1080/13611267.2013.867685
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, V. A., Palepu, A., Szalacha, L., Caswell, C., Carr, P. L., & Inui, T. (2003). Having the right chemistry. Academic Medicine, 78, 328–334.10.1097/00001888-200303000-00020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalbfleisch, P. J. (2007). Mentoring enactment theory: Describing, explaining, and predicting communication in mentoring relationships. In B. R. Ragin & K. E. Kram (Eds.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 499–518). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Kashiwagi, D. T., Varkey, P., & Cook, D. A. (2013). Mentoring programs for physicians in academic medicine. Academic Medicine, 88, 1029–1037.10.1097/ACM.0b013e318294f368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanagh, D. J., Spence, S. H., Wilson, J., & Crow, N. (2002). Achieving effective supervision. Drug and Alcohol Review, 21, 247–252.10.1080/0959523021000002705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kram, K. E. (1983). Phases of the mentor relationship. Academy of Management Journal, 26, 608–625.10.2307/255910
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kram, K. E. (1988). Mentoring at work: Developmental relationships in organizational life. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
   Google Scholar
• Leslie, K., Lingard, L., & Whyte, S. (2005). Junior faculty experiences with informal mentoring. Medical Teacher, 27, 693–698.10.1080/01421590500271217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd, B. (1996). How to be an effective educational supervisor. British Journal Hospital Medicine, 56, 585–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, J. (1997). The dark side of mentoring. The Australian Educational Researcher, 24, 115–133.10.1007/BF03219650
   Google Scholar
• McGowan, E., Stone, E., & Kegan, R. (2007). A constructive-development approach to mentoring. In B. Ragins (Ed.), The handbook of mentoring at work: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 401–425). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• McKenna, A. M. & Straus, S. E. (2011). Charting a professional course: A review of mentorship in medicine. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 8, 109–112.10.1016/j.jacr.2010.07.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pololi, L., & Knight, S. (2005). Mentoring faculty in academic medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 20, 866–870.10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.05007.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragins, B. R., Cotton, J. L., & Miller, J. S. (2000). Marginal mentoring: The effects of type of mentor, quality of relationship, and program design on work and career attitudes. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 1177–1194.10.2307/1556344
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, G. L., Rukstalis, M. R., & Schuckit, M. A. (2005). Informal mentoring between faculty and medical students. Academic Medicine, 80, 344–348.10.1097/00001888-200504000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambunjak, D., Straus, S. E., & Marušić, A. (2006). Mentoring in academic medicine. JAMA, 296, 1103–1115.10.1001/jama.296.9.1103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambunjak, D., Straus, S. E., & Marusic, A. (2010). A systematic review of qualitative research on the meaning and characteristics of mentoring in academic medicine. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 72–78.10.1007/s11606-009-1165-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shollen, S. L., Bland, C. J., Center, B. A., Finstad, D. A., & Taylor, A. L. (2014). Relating mentor type and mentoring behaviors to academic medicine faculty satisfaction and productivity at one medical school. Academic Medicine, 89, 1267–1275.10.1097/ACM.0000000000000381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singletary, S. E. (2005). Mentoring surgeons for the 21st century. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 12, 848–860.10.1245/ASO.2005.04.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stamm, M., & Buddeberg-Fischer, B. (2011). The impact of mentoring during postgraduate training on doctors’ career success. Medical Education, 45, 488–496.10.1111/med.2011.45.issue-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steele, M. M., Fisman, S., & Davidson, B. (2013). Mentoring and role models in recruitment and retention: A study of junior medical faculty perceptions. Medical Teacher, 35, e1130–e1138.10.3109/0142159X.2012.735382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanwick, T. (2008). See one, do one, then what? Faculty development in postgraduate medical education. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 84, 339–343.10.1136/pgmj.2008.068288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teunissen, P. W., Scheele, F., Scherpbier, A. J. J. A., van der Vleuten, C. P. M., Boor, K., van Luijk, S. J., & van Diemen-Steenvoorde, J A A M. (2007). How residents learn: Qualitative evidence for the pivotal role of clinical activities. Medical Education, 41, 763–770.10.1111/med.2007.41.issue-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh, E. T., Bhave, D., & Kim, K. Y. (2012). Are you my mentor? Informal mentoring mutual identification. Career Development International, 17, 137–148.10.1108/13620431211225322
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welsh, E. T., & Wanberg, C. R. (2009). Launching the post-college career: A study of mentoring antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 257–263.10.1016/j.jvb.2008.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, L. L., Levine, J. B., Malhotra, S., & Holtzheimer, P. (2004). The good-enough mentoring relationship. Academic Psychiatry, 28, 111–115.10.1176/appi.ap.28.2.111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, A. M., & Perrewé, P. L. (2000). The exchange relationship between mentors and protégés: The development of a framework. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 177–209.10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00045-5
   Google Scholar