African–American Mentoring Program (AAMP): addressing the cracks in the graduate education pipeline

References

• Anthony, J. S., & Taylor, E. (2001). Graduate student socialization and its implications for the recruitment of African American education faculty. In W. G. Tierney (Ed.), Faculty work in schools of education: Rethinking roles and rewards for the twenty first century (pp. 189–209). Albany, NY: Columbia State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arthur, M. B., & Kram, K. E. (1985). Mentoring at work: Developmental relationships in organizational life. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30(3), 454. doi:10.2307/2392687
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association of Black Psychologists. (n.d.). What is jegnaship? Retrieved from http://www.abpsi.org/jegnaship.html
   Google Scholar
• Bonner, F. A., II, Tuitt, F., Robinson, P. A., Banda, R. M., & Hughes, R. L. (2014). Black faculty in the academy: Narratives for negotiating identity and achieving career success. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, W. G., & Bok, D. (2016). The shape of the river: Long-term consequences of considering race in college and university admissions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, C., & Holcomb-McCoy, C. (2004). African American counselor educators: Their experiences, challenges, and recommendations. Counselor Education and Supervision, 43(4), 258–273. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2004.tb01851.x
   Google Scholar
• Brown v. Board of Education. (1954). 347 U.S. 483. Retrieved from https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/347/483/case.html
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. T. A. (2015). College preparation for African American students: Gaps in the high school educational experience. Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP).
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• College Board. (2015). SAT report on college and career readiness. Retrieved from http://media.collegeboard.com/homeOrg/content/pdf/SAT%20Report_Press%20Conference%20Powerpoint%20_FINAL%20with%20NOTES.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Colvin, J. W., & Ashman, M. (2010). Roles, risks, and benefits of peer mentoring relationships in higher education. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 18, 121–134.10.1080/13611261003678879
   Google Scholar
• Conyers, A. (2009). Dual deviants: The balancing act of Black graduate students. Challenge (Atlanta): A Journal of Research on African American Men, 15(1), 33–54.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, L. (2015, January 28). U.S. education: Still separate and unequal [Web log post] U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2015/01/28/us-education-still-separate-and-unequal
   Google Scholar
• Crisp, G., & Cruz, I. (2009). Mentoring college students: A critical review of the literature between 1990 and 2007. Research in Higher Education, 50(6), 525–545.10.1007/s11162-009-9130-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cropper, A. (2000). Mentoring as an inclusive device for the excluded: Black students’ experience of a mentoring scheme. Social Work Education, 19(6), 597–607. doi:10.1080/02615470020002326
   Google Scholar
• Darling-Hammond, L. (2015). The flat world and education: How America’s commitment to equity will determine our future. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, D. (2007). Access to academe: The importance of mentoring to Black students. Negro Educational Review, 58(3/4), 217–231.
   Google Scholar
• Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Educational Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences. (2015). Graduation rate from first institution attended for first-time, full-time bachelor’s degree-seeking students at 4-year postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity, time to completion, sex, control of institution, and acceptance rate: Selected cohort entry years, 1996 through 2007. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_222.20.asp
   Google Scholar
• DiPrete, T. A., & Buchmann, C. (2013). The rise of women: The growing gender gap in education and what it means for American schools. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• DuBois, D. L., Portillo, N., Rhodes, J. E., Silverthorn, N., & Valentine, J. C. (2011). How effective are mentoring programs for youth? A systematic assessment of the evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 12(2), 57–91. doi:10.1177/1529100611414806
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewell, P. T., Jones, D. P., & Kelly, P. J. (2003). Conceptualizing and researching the educational pipeline. National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, The National Information Center for Higher Education Policymaking and Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.nchems.org/pubs/detail.php?id=88
   Google Scholar
• Executive Order No. 13621. 77 C.F.R. 45897. (2012). White House initiative on educational excellence for African American. Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Fairlie, R. W., Hoffmann, F., & Oreopoulos, P. (2011). A community college instructor like me: Race and ethnicity interactions in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w17381.pdf10.3386/w17381
   Google Scholar
• Fenwick, L. T. (2013). Perception vs. reality about black students and educators. Education Week, 33(7), 32.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, S. K., & Mendoza, P. (2010). On becoming a scholar: Socialization and Development in doctoral education. Sterling, VA: Stylus.
   Google Scholar
• Garvey, B., & Alred, G. (2003). An introduction to the symposium on mentoring: Issues and prospects. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 31, 1–9. doi:10.1080/0306988031000086125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girves, J. E., Zepeda, Y., & Gwathmey, J. K. (2005). Mentoring in a post-affirmative action world. Journal of Social Issues, 61(3), 449–479. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00416.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grier-Reed, T. (2013). The African American student network. Journal of Black Psychology, 39(2), 169–184.10.1177/0095798413478696
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyekye, K. (1996). African cultural values: An introduction. Lansing, MI: Sankofa.
   Google Scholar
• Harper, S. R. (2012). Black male student success in higher education: A report from the National Black Male College Achievement Study. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania, Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education.
   Google Scholar
• Harper, S. R. (2013). Am I my brother's teacher? Black undergraduates, racial socialization, and peer pedagogies in predominantly white postsecondary contexts. Review of Research in Education, 37(1), 183–211.10.3102/0091732X12471300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, S. R. (2015). Black male college achievers and resistant responses to racist stereotypes at predominantly White colleges and universities. Harvard Educational Review, 85(4), 646–674. doi:10.17763/0017-8055.85.4.646
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haworth, J. G., & Conrad, C. F. (1997). Emblems of quality in higher education. Developing and sustaining high-quality programs. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
   Google Scholar
• Henfield, M. S., Owens, D., & Witherspoon, S. (2011). African American students in counselor education programs: Perceptions of their experiences. Counselor Education and Supervision, 50(4), 226–242. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2011.tb00121.x
   Google Scholar
• Hodge, S., Burden, J., Robinson, L., & Bennett, R. (2013). Theorizing on the stereotyping of Black male student-athletes: Issues and implications. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2(2), 203–226.
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, T. N. (2013). Fighting FAIR (Feelings of Alienation, Isolation, and Racism): Using critical race theory to deconstruct the experiences of African American male doctoral students. Journal of Progressive Policy and Practice, 1(1), 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobi, M. (1991). Mentoring and undergraduate academic success: A literature review. Review of Educational Research, 61, 505–532. doi:10.3102/00346543061004505
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain, D. (2010). Critical race theory and community colleges: Through the eyes of women student leaders of color. Community College Journal of Research & Practice, 34(1/2), 78–91. doi:10.1080/10668920903385855
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, L. (2013). The benefits of a comprehensive retention program for African American students at a predominately white university. Interdisciplinary Journal of Teaching & Learning, 3(1), 38–54.
   Google Scholar
• Jones, J., & Schmitt, J. (2014). A college degree is no guarantee. Center for Economic Policy Research. Retrieved from http://cepr.net/documents/black-coll-grads-2014-05.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kochan, F. (2013). Analyzing the relationships between culture and mentoring. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 21(4), 412–430. doi:10.1080/13611267.2013.855862
   Google Scholar
• Komarraju, M., Musulkin, S., & Bhattacharya, G. (2010). Role of student–faculty interactions in developing college students’ academic self-concept, motivation, and achievement. Journal of College Student Development, 51(3), 332–342. doi:10.1353/csd.0.0137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, T. D. (2016). Too stressed to persist to graduation: Accessing financial aid at a historically Black university (HBU) in Texas. Urban Education Research and Policy Annuals, 4(1), 17–29. Retrieved from https://thecollaborative.uncc.edu/sites/thecollaborative.uncc.edu/files/media/files/UERPA%20Vol%204%20May%202016.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Lewis, C. W., Ginsberg, R., Davies, T., & Smith, K. (2004). The experiences of African American Ph.D. students at a predominately White Carnegie I-research institution. College Student Journal, 38, 231–245.
   Google Scholar
• Lundberg, C. A., & Schreiner, L. A. (2004). Quality and frequency of faculty–student interaction as predictors of learning: An analysis by student race/ethnicity. Journal of College Student Development, 45(5), 549–565. doi:10.1353/csd.2004.0061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MENTOR/National Mentoring Partnership (2002). Mentoring in America 2002.. Alexandria: MENTOR/ National Mentoring Partnership. Retrieved November 20, 2016. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mentor
   Google Scholar
• Miller, A. (2002). Mentoring students and young people: A handbook of effective practice. Abingdon: Routledge.10.4324/9780203417188
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, S. L., & Dell, D. M. (1992). The relationship between Black students’ racial identity attitude and participation in campus organizations. Journal of College Student Development, 33, 39–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadal, K. L., Wong, Y., Griffin, K. E., Davidoff, K., & Sriken, J. (2014). The adverse impact of racial microaggressions on college students’ self-esteem. Journal of College Student Development, 55(5), 461–474.10.1353/csd.2014.0051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for Educational Statistics (2015a). Education expenditures by country. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cmd.asp
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Educational Statistics (2015b). Percentage of students at or above selected National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics achievement levels, by grad and selected student characteristics: Selected years, 1996-2013 (Table 222.20). Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_222.20.asp
   Google Scholar
• Nettles, M. T. (1990). Success in doctoral programs: Experiences of minority and white students. American Journal of Education, 98, 494–522. doi:10.1086/443974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, T. (2003). Freedom for literacy and literacy for freedom: The African-American philosophy of education. In T. Perry, C. Steele, & A. G. Hilliard (Eds.), Young, gifted, and Black: Promoting high achievement among African-American students (pp. 11–51). Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rajack-Talley, T. (2014). 40 years of educational excellence, 12 years of intellectual inquiry, praxis & transformation: PAS graduate programs at the University of Louisville. Journal of Pan African Studies, 7(1), 38.
   Google Scholar
• Rieu, E. V. (1946). Homer. The Odyssey. (Trans.). London: Penguin Books.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts, A. (2000). Mentoring revisited: A phenomenological reading of the literature. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 8(2), 145–170.10.1080/713685524
   Google Scholar
• Ross, T., Kena, G., Rathbun, A., KewalRamani, A., Zhang, J., Kristapovich, P., & Manning, E. (2012). Higher Education: Gaps in Access and Persistence Study. Statistical Analysis Report. NCES 2012-046. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, C., & Bauman, K. (2016). Educational attainment in the United States. (P20-578). Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2016/demo/ p20-578.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Solorzano, D., Ceja, M., & Yosso, T. (2000). Critical race theory, racial microaggressions, and campus racial climate: The experiences of African American college students. Journal of Negro Education, 60–73.
   Google Scholar
• Spring, J. (2016). Deculturalization and the struggle for equality: A brief history of the education of dominated cultures in the United States. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Strayhorn, T. L. (2010). When race and gender collide: Social and cultural capital’s influence on the academic achievement of African American and Latino males. The Review of Higher Education, 33(3), 307–332. doi:10.1353/rhe.0.0147
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strayhorn, T. L., & Terrell, M. C. (2007). Mentoring and satisfaction with college for Black students. Negro Educational Review, 58(1/2), 69.
   Google Scholar
• Tait, J. (2003). What is mentorship? The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 44(9), 758–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinto, V. (1975). Dropout from higher education: A theoretical synthesis of recent research. Review of educational research, 45, 89–125. doi:10.3102/00346543045001089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, K., & Massey, D. S. (2012). Fitting in: Segregation, social class, and the experiences of black students at selective colleges and universities. Race and Social Problems, 4(3–4), 171–192. doi:10.1007/s12552-012-9077-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trower, C. A., & Chait, R. P. (2002). Forum: Faculty diversity why women and minorities are underrepresented in the professoriate, and fresh ideas to induce needed reform. Harvard magazine, 104(4), 33–37.
   Google Scholar
• Truong, K. A., & Museus, S. D. (2012). Responding to racism and racial trauma in doctoral study: An inventory for coping and mediating relationships. Harvard Educational Review, 82(2), 226–254.10.17763/haer.82.2.u54154j787323302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Truong, K. A., Museus, S. D., & McGuire, K. M. (2016). Vicarious racism: A qualitative analysis of experiences with secondhand racism in graduate education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 29(2), 224–247.10.1080/09518398.2015.1023234
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Education (2012). Profile of 2007–08 first-time bachelor’s degree recipients in 2009. (NCES 2013150). Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2013/2013150.pdf
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2015a). Digest of Education Statistics, 2013. (NCES 2015-011), Chapter 3. Postsecondary Education. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d13/ch_3.asp
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (2015b). The Condition of Education 2015. (NCES 2015-144). Characteristics of Postsecondary Faculty. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cuf.asp
   Google Scholar
• Watson, G., Johnson, G. C., & Austin, H. (2004). Exploring relatedness to field of study as an indicator of student retention. Higher Education Research & Development, 23(1), 57–72.10.1080/0729436032000168496
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler, M. E., Keller, T. E., & DuBois, D. L. (2010). Review of three recent randomized trials of school-based mentoring: Making sense of mixed findings. Society for Research in Child Development, 24(3). Retrieved from http://www.mentoring.org/downloads/mentoring_1273.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Woo, J., Green, C., & Matthews, M. (2012). Web tables-profile of 2007–08 first-time bachelor’s degree recipients in 2009. National Center for Education Statistics [NCES 2013150]. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2013150
   Google Scholar
• Woodson, C. G. (1919). The education of the Negro prior to 1861: A history of the education of the colored people of the United States from the beginning of slavery to the Civil War. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Negro Life and History.
   Google Scholar