1,554
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Safe & sound? Perceptions of campus safety for Black college students

&
Pages 2-17 | Received 18 Feb 2021, Accepted 28 Sep 2021, Published online: 09 Nov 2021

References

  • American College Health Association – National College Health Assessment. 2019. Spring. 2019. “Reference Group Executive Summary.” https://www.acha.org/documents/ncha/NCHA-II_SPRING_2019_US_REFERENCE_GROUP_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf
  • Berryman-Fink, C. 2006. “Reducing Prejudice on Campus: The Role of Intergroup Contact in Diversity Education.” College Student Journal 40: 511–516.
  • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. 1954. https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/347/483/case.html
  • Buchanan, N.T., and A.J. Ormerod. 2002. “Racialized Sexual Harassment in the Lives of African American Women.” Women & Therapy 25 (3–4): 107–124. doi:10.1300/J015v25n03_08.
  • Cabrera, N.L., J.S. Watson, and J.D. Franklin. 2016. “Racial Arrested Development: A Critical Whiteness Analysis of the Campus Ecology.” Journal of College Student Development 57 (2): 119–134. doi:10.1353/csd.2016.0014.
  • Campbell, S., A. Carter-Sowell, and J. Battle. 2019. “Campus Climate Comparisons in Academic Pursuits: How Race Still Matters for African American College Students.” Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 22 (3): 390–402. doi:10.1177/1368430218823065.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. “Deaths; Leading Causes for 2017.” https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_06-508.pdf
  • Corbin, N.A., W.A. Smith, and J.R. Garcia. 2018. “Trapped between Justified Anger and Being the Strong Black Woman: Black College Women Coping with Racial Battle Fatigue at Historically and Predominantly White Institutions.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 31 (7): 626–643. doi:10.1080/09518398.2018.1468045.
  • Côté-Lussier, C., and C. Fitzpatrick. 2016. “Feelings of Safety at School, Socioemotional Functioning, and Classroom Engagement.” Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (5): 543–550. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.01.003.
  • Davis, R.C., and N.J. Henderson. 2003. “Willingness to Report Crimes: The Role of Ethnic Group Membership and Community Efficacy.” Crime & Delinquency 49 (4): 564–580. doi:10.1177/0011128703254418.
  • Gillborn, D., P. Warmington, and S. Demack. 2017. “QuantCrit: Education, Policy, ‘Big Data’ and Principles for Critical Race Theory of Statistics.” Race Ethnicity and Education 21 (2): 158–179. doi:10.1080/13613324.2017.1377417.
  • Gusa, D.L. 2010. “White Institutional Presence: The Impact of Whiteness on Campus Climate.” Harvard Educational Review 80 (4): 464–489. doi:10.17763/haer.80.4.p5j483825u110002.
  • Harper, S.R. 2013. “Am I My Brother’s Teacher? Black Undergraduates, Racial Socialization, and Peer Pedagogies in Predominantly White Postsecondary Contexts.” Review of Research in Education 37 (1): 183–211. doi:10.3102/0091732X12471300.
  • Harper, S.R. 2015. “Black Male College Achievers and Resistant Responses to Racist Stereotypes at Predominantly White Colleges and Universities.” Harvard Educational Review 85 (4): 646–674. doi:10.17763/0017-8055.85.4.646.
  • Harris, J., R.P. Barone, and L.P. Davis. 2015. “Who Benefits? A Critical Race Analysis of the (D)evolving Language of Inclusion in Higher Education.” The NEA Higher Education Journal: 21–38.
  • Hayes, A.F. 2017. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (2nd ed). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, J.A., S.J. Youn, L.G. Castonguay, B.D. Locke, A.A. McAleavey, and S. Nordberg. 2011. “Rates and Predictors of College Counseling Use among Students of Color.” Journal of College Counseling 14 (2): 105–116. doi:10.1002/j.2161-1882.2011.tb00266.x.
  • Jennings, W.G., A.R. Gover, and D. Pudrzynska. 2007. “Are Institutions of Higher Learning Safe? A Descriptive Study of Campus Safety Issues and Self‐reported Campus Victimization among Male and Female College Students.” Journal of Criminal Justice Education 18 (2): 191–208. doi:10.1080/10511250701383327.
  • Jones, J. 2003. “TRIOS a Psychological Theory of the African Legacy in American Culture.” Journal of Social Issues 59 (1): 217–242. doi:10.1111/1540-4560.t01-1-00014.
  • Krebs, C.P., K. Barrick, C.H. Lindquist, C.M. Crosby, C. Boyd, and Y. Bogan. 2011. “The Sexual Assault of Undergraduate Women at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (Hbcus).” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26 (18): 3640–3666. doi:10.1177/0886260511403759.
  • Ladson-Billings, G., and W. Tate. 1995. “Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education.” Teachers College Record 97: 47–69.
  • Lane, J., A. Gover, and S. Dahod. 2009. “Fear of Violent Crime among Men and Women on Campus: The Impact of Perceived Risk and Fear of Sexual Assault.” Violence and Victims 24 (2): 172–192. doi:10.1891/0886-6708.24.2.172.
  • Maffini, C.S. 2018. “Campus Safety Experiences of Asian American and Asian International College Students.” Asian American Journal of Psychology 9: 98–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/aap0000087.
  • McClain, S., S.T. Beasley, B. Jones, O. Awosogba, S. Jackson, and K. Cokley. 2016. “An Examination of the Impact of Racial and Ethnic Identity, Impostor Feelings, and Minority Status Stress on the Mental Health of Black College Students.” Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development 44 (2): 101–117. doi:10.1002/jmcd.12040.
  • McCormack, A.S. 1998. “Revisiting Discrimination on Campus: 1988, 1992, and 1996.” College Student Journal 32: 378–393.
  • Mushonga, D.R., and A.K. Henneberger. 2020. “Protective Factors Associated with Positive Mental Health in Traditional and Nontraditional Black Students.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 90 (1): 147–160. doi:10.1037/ort0000409.
  • National Center for Education Statistics. 2020. “College Enrollment Rates.” https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/pdf/coe_cpb.pdf
  • Nijs, M.M., C.J.E. Bum, W.M. Tempelaar, N.J. De Wit, H. Burger, C.M. Plevier, and P.M. Boks. 2014. “Perceived School Safety Is Strongly Associated with Adolescent Mental Health Problems.” Community Mental Health Journal 50 (2): 127–134. doi:10.1007/s10597-013-9599-1.
  • Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 2017. “Determinants of Health.” https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health#social
  • Pieterse, A.L., R.T. Carter, S.A. Evans, and R.A. Walter. 2010. “An Exploratory Examination of the Associations among Racial and Ethnic Discrimination, Racial Climate, and Trauma-related Symptoms in a College Student Population.” Journal of Counseling Psychology 57 (3): 255–263. doi:10.1037/a0020040.
  • Seelman, K.L., M.R. Woodford, and Z. Nicolazzo. 2017. “Victimization and Microaggressions Targeting LGBTQ College Students: Gender Identity as a Moderator of Psychological Distress.” Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work 26 (1–2): 112–125. doi:10.1080/15313204.2016.1263816.
  • Smith, W., W. Allen, and L. Danley. 2007. “’Assume the Position … You Fit the Description’: Psychological Experiences and Racial Battle Fatigue among African American Male College Students.” American Behavioral Scientist 51: 551–578. doi:10.1177/0002764207307742.
  • Smith, W.A., J.B. Mustaffa, C.M. Jones, T.J. Curry, and W.R. Allen. 2016. “‘You Make Me Wanna Holler and Throw up Both My Hands!’: Campus Culture, Black Misandric Microaggressions, and Racial Battle Fatigue.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 29 (9): 1189–1209. doi:10.1080/09518398.2016.1214296.
  • Solórzano, D.G. 1997. “Images and Words that Wound: Critical Race Theory, Racial Stereotyping, and Teacher Education.” Teacher Education Quarterly 24 (3): 5–19.
  • Solórzano, D.G., M. Ceja, and T.J. Yosso. 2000. “Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate: The Experiences of African American College Students.” Journal of Negro Education 69: 60–73.
  • Stotzer, R.L., and E. Hossellman. 2012. “Hate Crimes on Campus: Racial/ethnic Diversity and Campus Safety.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 27 (4): 644–661. doi:10.1177/0886260511423249.
  • Tseloni, A., and C. Zarafonitou. 2008. “Fear of Crime and Victimization: A Multivariate Multilevel Analysis of Competing Measurements.” European Journal of Criminology 5 (4): 387–409. doi:10.1177/1477370808095123.
  • Wang, M.C., P.N. Nyutu, and K.K. Tran. 2012. “Coping, Reasons for Living, and Suicide in Black College Students.” Journal of Counseling & Development 90 (4): 459–466. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00057.x.
  • Woods, K.C., N.T. Buchanan, and I.H. Settles. 2008. “Sexual Harassment across the Color Line: Experiences and Outcomes of Cross-versus Intraracial Sexual Harassment among Black Women.” Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 15 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1037/a0013541.
  • Yosso, T., W. Smith, M. Ceja, and D. Solórzano. 2009. “Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latino/a Undergraduates.” Harvard Educational Review 79 (4): 659–690. doi:10.17763/haer.79.4.m6867014157m707l.
  • Zullig, K.J., and A.L. Divin. 2012. “The Association between Non-medical Prescription Drug Use, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidality among College Students.” Addictive Behaviors 37 (8): 890–899. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.008.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.