Racial Literacy Development (RLD) via ethnic studies: Latinx youth speaking back to and resisting Racism

References

• Acosta, C. 2007. “Developing Critical Consciousness: Resistance Literature in a Chicano Literature Class.” The English Journal 97: 36–42.
   Google Scholar
• Brinkmann, S., and S. Kvale. 2015. Interviews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. D. 2017. “Why We Can’t Wait: Advancing Racial Literacy and a Critical Sociocultural Knowledge of Race for Teaching and Curriculum.” Race.” Gender & Class 24 (1): 81–96.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, K. D., and A.L. Brown. 2011. “Teaching K-8 Students About Race.” Multicultural Education 19 (1): 9–13.
   Google Scholar
• Buenavista, T.L. 2016. “Introduction: The Making of a Movement: Ethnic Studies in a K-12 Context.” In ‘White’ Washing American Education: The New Culture Wars in Ethnic Studies. edited by. D. M. Sandoval, A. J. Ratcliff, T. L. Buenavista, and J. R. Marín, Westport, CT: Praeger.
   Google Scholar
• Cabrera, N. L., J. F. Milem, O. Jaquette, and R.W. Marx. 2014. “Missing the (Student Achievement) Forest for All the (Political) Trees Empiricism and the Mexican American Studies Controversy in Tucson.” American Educational Research Journal 51 (6): 1084–1118. doi:10.3102/0002831214553705.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cammarota, J. 2016. “The Praxis of Ethnic Studies: Transforming Second Sight into Critical Consciousness.” Race Ethnicity and Education 19 (2): 233–251. doi:10.1080/13613324.2015.1041486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. 1995. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement. New York, NY: The New Press.
   Google Scholar
• Curammeng, E.R. 2020. “Advancing Teacher Preparation Through Ethnic Studies: Portraits of Filipino American Self-Identified Male Teachers.” Race Ethnicity and Education 23 (3): 454–472. doi:10.1080/13613324.2019.1664003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darder, A., M. Baltodano, and R.D. Torres, edited by. 2003. The Critical Pedagogy Reader. New York: Routledge Falmer.
   Google Scholar
• Davila, E. R., and A.A. Bradley. 2010. “Examining Education for Latinas/Os in Chicago: A CRT/LatCrit Approach.” Educational Foundations 24 (1): 39–58.
   Google Scholar
• Dee, T.S., and E. K. Penner. 2017. “The Causal Effects of Cultural Relevance: Evidence from an Ethnic Studies Curriculum.” American Educational Research Journal 54 (1): 127–166. doi:10.3102/0002831216677002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado-Bernal, D. 2002. “Critical Race Theory, Latino Critical Theory, and Critical Raced-Gendered Epistemologies: Recognizing Students of Color as Holders and Creators of Knowledge.” Qualitative Inquiry 8 (1): 105–126. doi:10.1177/107780040200800107.
   Google Scholar
• de Los Ríos, C. V. 2013. “A Curriculum of the Borderlands: High School Chicana/o-Latina/o Studies as Sitios Y Lengua.” The Urban Review 45 (1): 58–73. doi:10.1007/s11256-012-0224-3.
   Google Scholar
• de Los Ríos, C. V. 2017. “Picturing Ethnic Studies: Photovoice and Youth Literacies of Social Action.” Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 61 (1): 15–24. doi:10.1002/jaal.631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Los Ríos, C. V. 2019. “Revisiting Notions of Social Action in K-12 Ethnic Studies Pedagogy: One Teacher’s Critical Lessons from the Classroom.” In Rethinking Ethnic Studies, edited by R. T. Cuahtin, M. Zavala, C. Sleeter, and W. Au, 59–64. Milwaukee, WI: Rethinking Schools.
   Google Scholar
• de Los Ríos, C.V., J. López, and E. Morrell. 2015. “Toward a Critical Pedagogy of Race: Ethnic Studies and Literacies of Power in High School Classrooms.” Race and Social Problems 7 (1): 84–96. doi:10.1007/s12552-014-9142-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Los Ríos, C.V., and A. Molina. 2020. “Literacies of Refuge: “Pidiendo Posada” as Ritual of Justice.” Journal of Literacy Research 52 (1): 32–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donato, R. 1997. The Other Struggle for Equal Schools: Mexican Americans During the Civil Rights Era. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
   Google Scholar
• Epstein, T., and C. Gist. 2015. “Teaching Racial Literacy in Secondary Humanities Classrooms: Challenging Adolescents’ of Color Concepts of Race and Racism.” Race, Ethnicity & Education 18 (1): 40–60. doi:10.1080/13613324.2013.792800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankenberg, E., J. Ee, J.B. Ayscue, and G. Orfield. 2019. Harming Our Common Future: America’s Segregated Schools 65 Years After Brown. The Civil Rights Project. https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/integration-and-diversity/harming-our-common-future-americas-segregated-schools-65-years-after-brown/Brown-65-050919v4-final.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. 1970. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Seabury Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. 1973. Education for Critical Consciousness. New York, NY: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Gandara, P. C., and F. Contreras. 2009. The Latino Education Crisis: The Consequences of Failed Social Policies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, G. 1990. Chicano Education in the Era of Segregation. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Guinier, L. 2004. ““From Racial Liberalism to Racial Literacy: Brown V. Board of Education and the Interest-Divergence Dilemma.” Journal of American History 91 (1): 92–118. doi:10.2307/3659616.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, C. I. 1993. “Whiteness as Property.” Harvard Law Review 106 (8): 1707–1791. doi:10.2307/1341787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, F. V. 1998. “Introduction: Expanding the Discourse on ‘Race’.” American Anthropologist 100 (3): 609–631. doi:10.1525/aa.1998.100.3.609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hue-DeHart, E. 1993. “The History, Development, and Future of Ethnic Studies.” Phi Delta Kappan 75 (1): 50–54.
   Google Scholar
• Kohli, R. 2009. “Critical Race Reflections: Valuing the Experiences of Teachers of Color in Teacher Education.” Race Ethnicity and Education 12 (2): 235–251. doi:10.1080/13613320902995491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli, R., N. Arteaga, and E.R. McGovern. 2018. “‘Compliments’ and ‘Jokes’: Unpacking Racial Microaggressions in the K-12 Classroom.” In Microaggression Theory: Influence and Implications, edited by G. C. Torino, D. P. Rivera, C. M. Capodilupo, K. L. Nadal, and D. W. Sue, 276–290. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Kohli, R., M. Pizarro, and A. Nevárez. 2017. “The “New Racism” of K–12 Schools: Centering Critical Research on Racism.” Review of Research in Education 41 (1): 182–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladson-Billings, G., and W.F. Tate. 1995. “Toward a Critical Race Theory of Education.” Teachers College Record 97 (1): 47–68. doi:10.1177/016146819509700104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda, M., C. Lawrence, R. Delgado, and K. Crenshaw. 1993. Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
   Google Scholar
• Menchaca, M. 2002. Recovering History, Constructing Race: The Indian, Black and White Roots of Mexican Americans. Austin: University of Texas Press.
   Google Scholar
• Merriam, S. B. 2009. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Franscisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Montaño, T., and T. Gallagher-Guertsen. 2022. “Yes, Critical Race Theory Should Be Taught in Your School: Undoing Racism in K–12 Schooling and Classrooms Through Crt.“ In UCLA Law Review, edited by K. Young, 84–98. Los Angeles, CA: Discourse, Law Meets World.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. 2020. Public High School Graduation Rates. National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_coi.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez Huber, L. 2011. “Discourses of Racist Nativism in California Public Education: English Dominance as Racist Nativist Microaggressions.” Educational Studies 47 (4): 379–401. doi:10.1080/00131946.2011.589301.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez Huber, L., R.N. Johnson, and R. Kohli. 2006. “Naming Racism: A Conceptual Look at Internalized Racism in US Schools.” Chicana/O Latina/O Law Review 26 (1): 183–206. doi:10.5070/C7261021172.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez Huber, L., and S.M. Muñoz, edited by. 2021. Why They Hate Us: How Racist Rhetoric Impacts Education. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Prashad, V. 2006. “Ethnic Studies Inside Out.” Journal of Asian American Studies 9 (2): 157–176. doi:10.1353/jaas.2006.0017.
   Google Scholar
• Price-Dennis, D., and Y. Sealey-Ruiz. 2021. Advancing Racial Literacies in Teacher Education: Activism for Equity in Digital Spaces. New York and London: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, J., M. Franke, J.E. Yun, M. Ishimoto, C. Diera, R.C. Geller, A. Berryman, and T. Brenes. 2017. “Teaching and Learning in the Age of Trump: Increasing Stress and Hostility in America’s High Schools”. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA’s Institute for Democracy, Education, and Access.
   Google Scholar
• Rogers, R., and M. Mosley. 2006. “Racial Literacy in a Second‐grade Classroom: Critical Race Theory, Whiteness Studies, and Literacy Research.” Reading Research Quarterly 41 (4): 462–495. doi:10.1598/RRQ.41.4.3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, R., and M. Mosley. 2008. “A Critical Discourse Analysis of Racial Literacy in Teacher Education.” Linguistics and Education 19 (2): 107–131. doi:10.1016/j.linged.2008.02.002.
   Google Scholar
• Schunk, D. H. 2012. Learning Theories an Educational Perspective Sixth Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Scrimsher, S., and J. Tudge. 2003. “The Teaching/Learning Relationship in the First Years of School: Some Revolutionary Implications of Vygotsky’s Theory.” Early Education & Development 14 (3): 293–312. doi:10.1207/s15566935eed1403_3.
   Google Scholar
• Sealey-Ruiz, Y. 2011. “Dismantling the School-To-Prison Pipeline Through Racial Literacy Development in Teacher Education.” Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy 8 (2): 116–120. doi:10.1080/15505170.2011.624892.
   Google Scholar
• Sealey-Ruiz, Y. 2013. “Building Racial Literacy in First-Year Composition.” Teaching English in the Two Year College 40 (4): 384.
   Google Scholar
• Seidman, I. 2013. Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Skerrett, A. 2011. “English Teachers’ Racial Literacy Knowledge and Practice.” Race Ethnicity and Education 14 (3): 313–330. doi:10.1080/13613324.2010.543391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sleeter, C. E. 2011. The Academic and Social Value of Ethnic Studies: A Research Review. Washington, DC: National Education Association Research Department.
   Google Scholar
• Solórzano, D. G. 1998. “Critical Race Theory, Race and Gender Microaggressions, and the Experience of Chicana and Chicano Scholars.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 11 (1): 121–136. doi:10.1080/095183998236926.
   Google Scholar
• Solórzano, D. G., and D.D. Bernal. 2001. “Examining Transformational Resistance Through a Critical Race and Latcrit Theory Framework Chicana and Chicano Students in an Urban Context.” Urban Education 36 (3): 308–342. doi:10.1177/0042085901363002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solórzano, D. G., and T.J. Yosso. 2001. “‘Critical Race and Latcrit Theory and Method: Counter-Storytelling”.” International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 14 (4): 471–495. doi:10.1080/09518390110063365.
   Google Scholar
• Spring, J. 2004. Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality: A Brief History of the Education of Dominated Cultures in the United States. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Stake, R.E. 1995. The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: SagePublications.
   Google Scholar
• Thurmond, T. 2020. California Department of Education Releases 2019-20 High School Graduation and Dropout Rates. California Department of Education. https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr20/yr20rel101.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Tintiangco-Cubales, A., R. Kohli, J. Sacramento, N. Henning, R. Agarwal-Rangnath, and C. Sleeter. 2015. “Toward an Ethnic Studies Pedagogy: Implications for K-12 Schools from the Research.” The Urban Review 47 (1): 104–125. doi:10.1007/s11256-014-0280-y.
   Google Scholar
• Twine, F.W. 2004. “A White Side of Black Britain: The Concept of Racial Literacy.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 27 (6): 878–907. doi:10.1080/0141987042000268512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urrieta, L., and S.A. Villenas. 2013. “The Legacy of Derrick Bell and Latino/A Education: A Critical Race Testimonio.” Race Ethnicity and Education 16 (4): 514–535. doi:10.1080/13613324.2013.817771.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdes, F. 1996. “Foreword: Latina/O Ethnicities, Critical Race Theory and Post-Identity Politics in Postmodern Legal Culture: From Practices to Possibilities.” La Raza Law Journal 9: 1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Valdez, C. 2020. “Flippin’ the Scripted Curriculum: Ethnic Studies Inquiry in Elementary Education.” Race Ethnicity and Education 23 (4): 581–597. doi:10.1080/13613324.2018.1497959.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia, R. R. 1997. The Evolution of Deficit Thinking: Educational Thought and Practice. London: Falmer.
   Google Scholar
• Valenzuela, A. 1999. Subtractive Schooling: US-Mexican Youth and the Politics of Caring. New York: SUNY Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vossoughi, S., and K.D. Gutiérrez. 2016. “Critical Pedagogy and Sociocultural Theory.“ In Power and Privilege in the Learning Sciences, edited byI. Ismonde, A. Booker, 157–179. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Vygotsky, L. 1980. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yee, J. 2008. “Racialization.” In Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, edited by R. Schaefer, 1111–1112. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Yin, R. K. 2003. Case Study Research: Design and Methods (Applied Social ResearchMethods). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Yosso, T. J. 2002. “Toward a Critical Race Curriculum.” Equity &excellence in Education 35 (2): 93–107. doi:10.1080/713845283.
   Google Scholar
• Zittoun, T., and S. Brinkmann. 2012. “Learning as Meaning Making.” In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, edited by N. M. Seel, 1809‐1811. Boston, MA: Springer US.
   Google Scholar