Quasi-citizenship as a category of practice: analyzing engagement with Russia’s Compatriot policy in Crimea

References

• Balthazar, Louis. 1995. “The Dynamics of Multi-ethnicity in French-speaking Quebec: Towards a New Citizenship.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 1 (3): 82–95.10.1080/13537119508428440
   Google Scholar
• Basch, Linda, Nina Glick Schiller, and Christina Szanton Blanc. 2005. Nations Unbound. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Bauböck, Rainer. 2006. “Stakeholder Citizenship and Transnational Political Participation: A Normative Evaluation of External Voting.” Fordham Law Review 75 (5): 2393–2447.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauböck, Rainer. 2010. “Cold Constellations and Hot Identities: Political Theory Questions about Transnationalism and Diaspora.” In Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods, edited by R. Bauböck and T. Faist, 295–322. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.10.5117/9789089642387
   Google Scholar
• Bellamy, Richard. 2008. “Evaluating Union Citizenship: Belonging, Rights and Participation within the EU.” Citizenship Studies 12 (6): 597–611.10.1080/13621020802450676
   Google Scholar
• Bieber, Florian. 2010. “Dual Citizenship Can Be a Solution, Not a Problem.” In Dual Citizenship for Transborder Minorities? How to Respond to the Hungarian-Slovak Tit-for-Tat, edited by Rainer Bauböck, 19–20. EUI Working Papers. Florence: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, EUDO Citizenship Observatory.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers. 2000. “Accidental Diasporas and External ‘Homelands’ in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present.” Institute for Advanced Studies 71: 1–19.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers, and Frederick Cooper. 2000. “Beyond ‘Identity’.” Theory and Society 29 (1): 1–47.10.1023/A:1007068714468
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers, Margit Feischmidt, Jon Fox, and Liana Grancea. 2006. Nationalist Politics and Everyday Ethnicity in a Transylvanian Town. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brubaker, Rogers, and Jaeeun Kim. 2011. “Transborder Membership Politics in Germany and Korea.” European Journal of Sociology 52 (1): 21–75.10.1017/S0003975611000026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burawoy, Michael. 2009. The Extended Case Method: Four Countries, Four Decades, Four Great Transformations, and One Theoretical Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Byford, Andy. 2012. “The Russian Diaspora in International Relations: ‘Compatriots’ in Britain.” Europe-Asia Studies 64 (4): 715–735.10.1080/09668136.2012.660764
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conley, Heather A., and Theodore P. Gerber. 2011. Russian Soft Power in the 21st Century: An Examination of Russian Compatriot Policy in Estonia. Washington, DC: Centre for Strategic and International Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Deets, S. 2008. “The Hungarian Status Law and the Specter of Neo-medievalism in Europe.” Ethnopolitics 7 (2/3): 195–215. doi:10.1080/17449050701357525.
   Google Scholar
• Délano, Alexandra, and Alan Gamlen. 2014. “Comparing and Theorizing State–Diaspora Relations.” Political Geography 41: 43–53. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2014.05.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler, Brigid. 2004. “Fuzzing Citizenship, Nationalising Political Space: A Framework for Interpreting the Hungarian “Status Law” as a New Form of Kin-state Policy in Central and Eastern Europe.” In The Hungarian Status Law: Nation Building and/or Minority Protection, edited by Zoltán Kantor, Balázs Majtényi, Osamu Ieda, Balázs Vizi, and Iván Halász, 177–238. Sapporo: Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, J. E., and C. Miller-Idriss. 2008. “Everyday Nationhood.” Ethnicities 8 (4): 536–563. doi:10.1177/1468796808088925.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox, Jonathan. 2005. “Unpacking Transnational Citizenship.” Annual Review of Political Science 8 (1): 171–201. doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.7.012003.104851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamlen, Alan. 2006. Diaspora Engagement Policies: Who are They and what Kinds of States Use Them? Oxford: Centre on Migration, Policy and Society.
   Google Scholar
• Geertz, Clifford. 1975. “On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding: Not Extraordinary Empathy but Readily Observable Symbolic Forms Enable the Anthropologist to Grasp the Unarticulated Concepts That Inform the Lives and Cultures of Other Peoples.” American Scientist 63 (1): 47–53. doi:10.2307/27845269.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigas, Agnia. 2012. Legacies, Coercion and Soft Power: Russian Influence in the Baltic States. London: Chatham House.
   Google Scholar
• Grigas, Agnia. 2016. Beyond Crimea: The New Russian Empire. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.10.12987/yale/9780300214505.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Groenendijk, K. 2006. “The Status of Quasi-citizenship in EU Member States: Why Some States Have ‘Almost-Citizens’.” In Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European Countries, edited by R. Bauböck, H. Waldrauch, E. Ersbøll, and K. Groenendijk, 411–429. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, Stuart. 1990. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, edited by Jonathan Rutherford and Frances Angela, 222–237. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
   Google Scholar
• Hedenskog, Jakob. 2008. Crimea: After the Georgian Crisis. Defence Analysis, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI). http://foi.se/ReportFiles/foir_2587.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, Elaine Lynn-Ee, Maureen Hickey, and Brenda S. A. Yeoh. 2015. “Special Issue Introduction: New Research Directions and Critical Perspectives on Diaspora Strategies.” Geoforum 59: 153–158.10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isin, Engin F., and Bryan S. Turner. 2007. “Investigating Citizenship: An Agenda for Citizenship Studies.” Citizenship Studies 11 (1): 5–17. doi:10.1080/13621020601099773.
   Google Scholar
• Jarzyńska, Katarzyna. 2012. “A New Concept of Migration Policy in Russia.” Centre for Eastern Studies (Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich). Accessed February 4, 2013. http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-06-20/a-new-concept-migration-policy-russia
   Google Scholar
• King, Charles, and Neil Melvin. 2000. “Diaspora Politics: Ethnic Linkages, Foreign Policy, and Security in Eurasia.” International Security 24 (3): 108–138.10.1162/016228899560257
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiseleva, Yulia. 2015. “Russia’s Soft Power Discourse: Identity, Status and the Attraction of Power.” Politics 35 (3–4): 316–329.10.1111/1467-9256.12100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolstø, Pål. 1996. “The New Russian Diaspora – An Identity of Its Own? Possible Identity Trajectories for Russians in the Former Soviet Republic.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 19 (3): 609–639. doi:10.1080/01419870.1996.9993927.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosmarskaya, Natalya. 2011. “Russia and Post-Soviet ‘Russian Diaspora’: Contrasting Visions, Conflicting Projects.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 17 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1080/13537113.2011.550247.
   Google Scholar
• Kovács, M. M. 2006. “The Politics of Dual Citizenship in Hungary.” Citizenship Studies 10 (4): 431–451.10.1080/13621020600858088
   Google Scholar
• Krasniqi, Gëzim. 2012. “Overlapping Jurisdictions, Disputed Territory, Unsettled State: The Perplexing Case of Citizenship in Kosovo.” Citizenship Studies 16 (3–4): 353–366.10.1080/13621025.2012.683214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuzio, T. 2008. “Russian Passports as Moscow’s Geopolitical Tool.” Eurasia Daily Monitor 5 (176). Accessed October 27, 2016. https://jamestown.org/program/russian-passports-as-moscows-geopolitical-tool/
   Google Scholar
• Kuzio, T. 2010. The Crimea: Europe’s Next Flashpoint? Jamestown Foundation. http://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/ebooks/files/372451918.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Laguerre, Michael S. 1999. “State, Diaspora, and Transnational Politics: Haiti Reconceptualised.” Millennium – Journal of International Studies 28 (3): 633–651. doi:10.1177/03058298990280031201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitin, D. 1995. “Identity Information: The Russian-speaking Nationality in the Post-Soviet Diaspora.” European Journal of Sociology 36 (2): 281–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laitin, David D. 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the near Abroad. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Laruelle, Marlene. 2015a. “Russia as a ‘Divided Nation’, from Compatriots to Crimea: A Contribution to the Discussion on Nationalism and Foreign Policy.” Problems of Post-Communism 62 (2): 88–97.10.1080/10758216.2015.1010902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laruelle, Marlene. 2015b. The “Russian World”: Russia’s Soft Power and Geopolitical Imagination. Washington, DC: Centre on Global Interests.
   Google Scholar
• Leuchter, Noa. 2014. “Creating Other Options: Negotiating the Meanings of Citizenships.” Citizenship Studies 18 (6–7): 776–790. doi:10.1080/13621025.2014.944780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, Dov. 2004. Engaging Eurasia’s Separatist States: Unresolved Conflicts and De Facto States. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press.
   Google Scholar
• Malyarenko, Tetyana, and David J. Galbreath. 2013. “Crimea: Competing Self-determination Movements and the Politics at the Centre.” Europe-Asia Studies 65 (5): 912–928. doi:10.1080/09668136.2013.805964.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education and Science for Foreign Citizens. 2010. “Admission Plan of CIS Citizens and Compatriots Abroad in 2010 to Study at Public Educational Institutions of Higher Education.” Accessed September 21, 2012. http://www.russia.edu.ru/edu/inostr/quot/4211
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. 2007. “Russian Federation’s Foreign Policy Review”. Accessed January 26, 2012. http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/3647DA97748A106BC32572AB002Ac4DD
   Google Scholar
• Naujoks, D. 2010. “Diasporic Identities – Reflections on Transnational Belonging.” Diaspora Studies 3 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/09739572.2010.10597338.
   Google Scholar
• Nozhenko, M. 2006. “Motherland is Calling You! Motives behind and Prospects for the New Russian Policy on Compatriots Abroad.” Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 2 (18): 2006–2018.
   Google Scholar
• Nye, Joseph S. 1990. “Soft Power.” Foreign Policy 80: 153–171. doi: 10.2307/1148580.
   Google Scholar
• Nye, Joseph S. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. 1st ed. New York: Public Affairs.
   Google Scholar
• Portes, Alejandro, Luis E. Guarnizo, and Patricia Landolt. 1999. “The Study of Transnationalism: Pitfalls and Promise of an Emergent Research Field.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 (2): 217–237. doi:10.1080/014198799329468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• President of Russia. 2001. “Vystuplenie Prezidenta Rossiisskoi Federatsii V.V.Putina na Kongresse sootechestvennikov.” [Speech by President of the Russian Federation at the Congress of Compatriots]. Accessed August 25, 2016. http://special.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/21359
   Google Scholar
• President of Russia. 2014. “Vladimir Putin Vnos Obrashchenie V Sovet Federatsii.” [Vladimir Putin Made an Appeal to the Council of the Federation]. Accessed March 18, 2014. http://kremlin.ru/news/20353
   Google Scholar
• Ragazzi, F., and K. Balalovska. 2011. “Diaspora Politics and Post-Territorial Citizenship in Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia.” CITSEE Working Paper Series 2011/18, Edinburgh.
   Google Scholar
• Ragazzi, Francesco. 2014. “A Comparative Analysis of Diaspora Policies.” Political Geography 41: 74–89. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2013.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossiiskaia Gazeta. 2014. “Uproshchen Poriadok Polucheniia Rossiiskogo Grazhdanstva .” [Simplified Procedure for Acquiring Russian Citizenship]. Accessed June 23, 2016. https://rg.ru/2014/04/21/grajdanstvo-anons.html
   Google Scholar
• Rutland, P. 2010. “The Presence of Absence: Ethnicity Policy in Russia.” In Institutions, Ideas and Leadership in Russian Politics, edited by Julie M. Newton and William J. Tompson, 116–136. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Sasse, Gwendolyn. 2007. The Crimea Question: Identity, Transition, and Conflict, Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Schiller, Nina, and Georges E. Fouron. 1999. “Terrains of Blood and Nation: Haitian Transnational Social Fields.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 (2): 340–366. doi:10.1080/014198799329512.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlenker, Andrea, and Joachim Blatter. 2014. “Conceptualizing and Evaluating (New) Forms of Citizenship between Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism.” Democratization 21 (6): 1091–1116.10.1080/13510347.2013.783820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine, and Dvora Yanow. 2012. Interpretive Research Design: Concepts and Processes. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, Jo, and Igor Štiks. 2012. “Citizenship in the New States of South Eastern Europe.” Citizenship Studies 16 (3–4): 309–321. doi:10.1080/13621025.2012.683160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shestakov, Evgenii. 2008. “Miagkaia Sila (Soft Power).” In Rossiyskaia Gazeta. Accessed 18 April, 2012. http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/19121901
   Google Scholar
• Shevel, Oxana. 2009. “Citizen and Compatriots: The Politics of Citizenship Policy in Russia.” PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo 77, Washington.
   Google Scholar
• Shevel, Oxana. 2011a. Migration, Refugee Policy, and State Building in Postcommunist Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9781139032599
   Google Scholar
• Shevel, Oxana. 2011. “Russian Nation-Building from Yel’tsin to Medvedev: Ethnic, Civic or Purposefully Ambiguous?” Europe-Asia Studies 63 (2): 179–202. doi:10.1080/09668136.2011.547693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinatti, Giulia, and Cindy Horst. 2015. “Migrants as Agents of Development: Diaspora Engagement Discourse and Practice in Europe.” Ethnicities 15 (1): 134–152. doi:10.1177/1468796814530120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small, Mario Luis. 2009. “‘How Many Cases Do I Need?’ on Science and the Logic of Case Selection in Field-Based Research.” Ethnography 10 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1177/1466138108099586.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Graham. 1999a. “The Masks of Proteus: Russia, Geopolitical Shift and the New Eurasianism.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 24 (4): 481–494.10.1111/tran.1999.24.issue-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Graham. 1999b. “Transnational Politics and the Politics of the Russian Diaspora.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 22 (3): 500–523.10.1080/014198799329404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavory, Iddo, and Stefan Timmermans. 2014. Abductive Analysis: Theorizing Qualitative Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226180458.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Tölölyan, Khachig. 1996. “Rethinking Diaspora(s): Stateless Power in the Transnational Moment.” Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 5 (1): 3–36.
   Google Scholar
• Tsygankov, Andrei P. 2006. “If not by Tanks, Then by Banks? The Role of Soft Power in Putin’s Foreign Policy.” Europe-Asia Studies 58 (7): 1079–1099. doi:10.2307/20451289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner, Bryan S. 2001. “The Erosion of Citizenship.” The British Journal of Sociology 52 (2): 189–209.10.1080/00071310120044944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varadarajan, Latha. 2010. The Domestic Abroad : Diasporas in International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199733910.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Vasiljević, Jelena. 2014. “Citizenship as Lived Experience: Belonging and Documentality after the Breakup of Yugoslavia.” The Europeanisation of Citizenship in the Successor States of the Former Yugoslavia (CITSEE) CITSEE Working Paper Series 2014/36, Edinburgh.
   Google Scholar
• Wanner, Catherine. 2014. “‘Fraternal’ Nations and Challenges to Sovereignty in Ukraine: The Politics of Linguistic and Religious Ties.” American Ethnologist 41 (3): 427–439. doi:10.1111/amet.12097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waterbury, Myra A. 2009. “From Irredentism to Diaspora Politics: States and Transborder Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe.” Global Migration and Transnational Politics. Arlington: George Mason University. Working Paper No. 6.
   Google Scholar
• Waterbury, Myra A. 2010. “Bridging the Divide: Towards a Comparative Framework for Understanding Kin State and Migrant-Sending State Diaspora Politics.” In Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods, edited by Rainer Bauböck and Thomas Faist, 131–148. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waterbury, Myra A. 2014. “Making Citizens beyond the Borders.” Problems of Post-Communism 61 (4): 36–49. doi:10.2753/PPC1075-8216610403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zevelev, Igor A. 2008. “Russia’s Policy toward Compatriots in the Former Soviet Union.” Russia in Global Affairs 6 (1): 49–62.
   Google Scholar