351
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Numerical modelling of gas metal arc joining of aluminium alloy and galvanised steels in lap joint configuration

, , &
Pages 303-309 | Received 28 Aug 2015, Accepted 27 Sep 2015, Published online: 19 Apr 2016

References

  • H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia: ‘Problems in the welding of automotive alloys’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2015, 20, 451–453. doi: 10.1179/15Z.000000000379
  • W. S. Miller, L. Zhuang, J. Bottema, A. J. Wittebrood, P. D. Smet, A. Haszler and A. Vieregge: ‘Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2000, 280, 37–49. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00653-X
  • J. E. Gould: ‘Joining aluminum sheet in the automotive industry – a 30 year history’, Weld. J., 2012, 91, 23s–34s.
  • R. Cao, J. H. Sun, J. H. Chen and P. C. Wang: ‘Weldability of CMT joining of AA6061 T6 to boron steels with various coatings’, Weld. J., 2014, 93, 193s–204s.
  • A. Das, M. Shome, C. R. Das, S. F. Goecke and A. De: ‘Joining of galvannealed steel and aluminium alloy using controlled short circuiting gas metal arc welding process’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2015, 20, 402–408. doi: 10.1179/1362171815Y.0000000032
  • T. Murakami, K. Nakata, H. Tong and M. Ushio: ‘Dissimilar metal joining of aluminum to steel by MIG arc brazing using flux cored wire’, ISIJ Int., 2003, 43, 1596–1602. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.43.1596
  • H. Zhang and J. Liu: ‘Microstructure characteristics and mechanical property of aluminum alloy/stainless steel lap joints fabricated by MIG welding–brazing process’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, 6179–6185. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.04.039
  • H. T. Zhang, J. C. Feng, P. He and H. Hackl: ‘Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium–zinc-coated steel joints made by a modified metal inert gas welding–brazing process’, Mater. Charact., 2007, 58, 588–592. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2006.07.008
  • H. T. Zhang, J. C. Feng and P. He: ‘Interfacial phenomena of cold metal transfer (CMT) welding of zinc coated steel and wrought aluminium’, Mater. Sci. Tech., 2008, 24, 1346–1349. doi: 10.1179/174328407X213152
  • R. Cao, G. Yu, J. H. Chen and P. C. Wang: ‘Cold metal transfer joining aluminum alloys-to-galvanized mild steel’, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2013, 213, 1753–1763. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.04.004
  • H. T. Zhang, J. C. Feng, P. He, B. B. Zhang, J. M. Chen, and L. Wang: ‘The arc characteristics and metal transfer behaviour of cold metal transfer and its use in joining aluminium to zinc-coated steel’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 499, 111–113. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.124
  • Y. Su, X. Hua and Y. Wu: ‘Effect of input current modes on intermetallic layer and mechanical property of aluminum–steel lap joint obtained by gas metal arc welding’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 578, 340–345. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.04.097
  • Y. Su, X. Hua and Y. Wu: ‘Influence in alloy elements on microstructure and mechanical property of aluminum–steel lap joint made by gas metal arc welding’, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2014, 214, 750–755. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.11.022
  • Y. Shi, L. Shao, J. Huang and Y. Gu: ‘Effects of Si and Mg elements on the microstructure of aluminum–steel joints produced by pulsed DE-GMA welding–brazing’, Mater. Sci. Tech., 2013, 29, 1118–1124. doi: 10.1179/1743284713Y.0000000291
  • Y. Shi, G. Zhang, Y. Huang, L. Lu, J. Huang and Y. Shao: ‘Pulsed double-electrode GMAW brazing for joining of aluminum to steel’, Weld. J., 2014, 93, 216s–224s.
  • K. P. Yagati, R. N. Bathe, K. V. Rajulapati, K. B. S. Rao and G. Padmanabham: ‘Fluxless arc weld-brazing of aluminium alloy to steel’, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2014, 214, 2949–2959. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.06.017
  • M. Kang and C. Kim: ‘Joining Al 5052 alloy to aluminized steel sheet using cold metal transfer process’, Mater. Design, 2015, 81, 95–103. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.05.035
  • L. Agudo, D. Eyidi, C. H. Schmaranzer, E. Arenholz, N. Jank, J. Bruckner and A.R. Pyzalla: ‘Intermetallic FexAly-phases in a steel/Al-alloy fusion weld’, J. Mater. Sci., 2007, 42, 4205–4214. doi: 10.1007/s10853-006-0644-0
  • J. L. Song, S. B. Lin, C. L. Yang, G. C. Ma and H. Liu: ‘Spreading behavior and microstructure characteristics of dissimilar metals TIG welding–brazing of aluminum alloy to stainless steel’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 509, 31–40. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2009.02.036
  • J. L. Song, S. B. Lin, C. L. Yang, C. L. Fan and G. C. Ma: ‘Analysis of intermetallic layer in dissimilar TIG welding–brazing butt joint of aluminium alloy to stainless steel’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2013, 15, 213–218. doi: 10.1179/136217110X12665048207610
  • S. B. Lin, J. L. Song, C. L. Yang and G. C. Ma: ‘Metallurgical and mechanical investigations of aluminium-steel butt joint made by tungsten inert gas welding–brazing’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2009, 14, 636–639. doi: 10.1179/136217109X12464549883493
  • H. Dong, L. Yang, C. Dong and S. Kou: ‘Improving arc joining of Al to steel and Al to stainless steel’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 534, 424–435. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.11.090
  • H. He, C. Yang, S. Lin, C. Fan, Z. Chen and Z. Chen: ‘Flux modification for AC-TIG braze welding of aluminium to stainless steel’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2014, 19, 527–533. doi: 10.1179/1362171814Y.0000000220
  • J. L. Song, S. B. Lin, C. L. Yang and C. L. Fan: ‘Effects of Si additions on intermetallic compound layer of aluminum-steel TIG welding–brazing joint’, J. Alloy. Compd., 2009, 488, 217–222. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.08.084
  • G. Sierra, P. Peyre, F. D. Beaume, D. Stuart and G. Fras: ‘Steel to aluminium braze welding by laser process with Al–12Si filler wire’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2008, 13, 430–437. doi: 10.1179/174329308X341852
  • G. Sierra, P. Peyre, F. D. Beaume, D. Stuart and G. Fras: ‘Galvanised steel to aluminium joining by laser and GTAW processes’, Mater. Charact., 2008, 59, 1705–1715. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2008.03.016
  • C. Dharmendra, K. P. Rao, J. Wilden and S. Reich: ‘Study on laser welding–brazing of zinc coated steel to aluminum alloy with a zinc based filler’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, 1497–1503. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.050
  • R. Shabadi, M. Suery and A. Deschamps: ‘Characterization of joints between aluminum and galvanized steel sheets’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2013, 44, 2672–2682. doi: 10.1007/s11661-012-1605-7
  • M. Windmann, A. Rottger, H. Kugler, W. Theisen and F. Vollertsen: ‘Laser beam welding of aluminum to Al-base coated high-strength steel 22MnB5’, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2015, 217, 88–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.10.026
  • C. Thomy and F. Vollertsen: ‘Laser-MIG hybrid welding of aluminium to steel – effect of process parameters on joint properties’, Weld. World, 2012, 56, 124–132. doi: 10.1007/BF03321356
  • H. Das, S. S. Jana, T. K. Pal and A. De: ‘Numerical and experimental investigation on friction stir lap welding of aluminium to steel’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2014, 19, 69–75. doi: 10.1179/1362171813Y.0000000166
  • M. Movahedi, A. H. Kokabi, S. M. S. Reihani and H. Najafi: ‘Effect of tool travel and rotation speeds on weld zone defects and joint strength of aluminium steel lap joints made by friction stir welding’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2012, 17, 162–167. doi: 10.1179/1362171811Y.0000000092
  • T. Nishida, T. Ogura, H. Nishida, M. Fujimoto, M. Takahashi and A. Hirose: ‘Formation of interfacial microstructure in a friction stir welded lap joint between aluminium alloy and stainless steel’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2014, 19, 609–616. doi: 10.1179/1362171814Y.0000000232
  • S. Crucifix, C. Rest, N. J. Mena, P. J. Jacques and A. Simar: ‘Modelling thermal cycles and intermetallic growth during friction melt bonding of ULC steel to aluminium alloy 2024-T3’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2015, 20, 319–324. doi: 10.1179/1362171815Y.0000000020
  • S. F. Goecke, A. S. Arshad, E. M. Spiegel and A. De: ‘Probing current, voltage and metal transfer characteristics in pulsed arc and in conventional and a novel low energy input short arc GMAW’, Q. J. Japan Weld. Soc., 2013, 31, 26s–30s. doi: 10.2207/qjjws.31.26s
  • J.K. Larsson: ‘How to qualify new steel grades for laser welding in the automotive industry’, Proc. 13th NOLAMP Conf., Norway, 2011, 269–280.
  • D. V. Kiran, B. Basu, A. K. Shah, S. Mishra and A. De: ‘Three-dimensional heat transfer analysis of two wire tandem submerged arc welding’, ISIJ Int., 2011, 51, 793–798. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.51.793
  • A. A. Syed, A. Pittner, M. Rethmeier and A. De: ‘Modeling of gas metal arc welding process using an analytically determined volumetric heat source’, ISIJ Int., 2013, 53, 698–703. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.53.698
  • A. De and T. DebRoy: ‘A smart model to estimate effective thermal conductivity and viscosity in the weld pool’, J. Appl. Phys., 2004, 95, 5230–5240. doi: 10.1063/1.1695593
  • A. De and T. DebRoy: ‘Improving reliability of heat and fluid flow calculation during conduction mode laser spot welding by multivariate optimization’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2006, 11, 143–153. doi: 10.1179/174329306X84346
  • N. Pepe, S. Egerland, P. A. Colegrove, D. Yapp, A. Leonhartsberger and A. Scotti: ‘Measuring the process efficiency of controlled gas metal arc welding processes’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2011, 16, 412–417. doi: 10.1179/1362171810Y.0000000029
  • J. A. P. Morejon, F. R. Morales, Y. G. Rodriguez, A. C. Crespo, E. D. Cedre and A. D. Scott: ‘Modelling using finite element analysis of stress and strain in gas metal arc welding on 5052 H32 aluminium alloy’, Weld. Int., 2010, 24, 509–517. doi: 10.1080/09507110902844600
  • H. Mehrer, ‘Diffusion in solid metals and alloy: numerical data and functional relationship in science and technology’, Vol. 26, 129–152, 1990, Berlin, Springer Verlag.
  • M. J. Rathod and M. Kutsuna: ‘Joining of aluminum alloy 5052 and low-carbon steel by laser roll welding’, Weld. J., 2004, 83, 16s–26s.
  • S. Kobayashi and T. Yakou: ‘Control of intermetallic compound layers at interface between steel and aluminum by diffusion-treatment’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, 338, 44–53. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00053-9
  • H. R. Shahverdi, M. R. Ghomaschi, S. Shabestari and J. Hejazi: ‘Microstructural analysis of interfacial reaction between molten aluminium and solid iron’, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2002, 124, 345–352. doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00225-X
  • M. Kajihara: ‘Quantitative evaluation of interdiffusion in Fe2Al5 during reactive diffusion in the binary Fe–Al system’, Mater. Trans., 2006, 47, 1480–1484. doi: 10.2320/matertrans.47.1480
  • H. Springer, A. Kostka, E. J. Payton, D. Raabe, A. K. Pyzalla and G. Eggeler: ‘On the formation and growth of intermetallic phases during interdiffusion between low-carbon steel and aluminum alloys’, Acta Mater., 2011, 59, 1586–1600. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.11.023

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.