Hot cracking investigation during laser welding of high-strength steels with multi-scale modelling approach

References

• Chung K, Noh W, Yang X, et al. Practical failure analysis of resistance spot welded advanced high-strength steel sheets. Int J Plasticity. 2017;94:122–147. doi: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossini M, Spena PR, Cortese L, et al. Investigation on dissimilar laser welding of advanced high strength steel sheets for the automotive industry. Mater Sci Eng A Struct. 2015;628:288–296. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.01.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuziak R, Kawalla R, Waengler S, et al. Advanced high strength steels for automotive industry: a review. Arch Civ Mech Eng. 2008;8(2):103–117. doi: 10.1016/S1644-9665(12)60197-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtze S, Kuokkala VT, Hokka M, et al. Deformation behavior of TRIP and DP steels in tension at different temperatures over a wide range of strain rates. Mater Sci Eng A Struct. 2009;507(1–2):124–131. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.11.050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bang KS, Pak SH, Ahn SK, et al. Evaluation of weld metal hot cracking susceptibility in superaustenitic stainless steel. Metal Mater Int. 2013;19(6):1267–1273. doi: 10.1007/s12540-013-6019-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan F, Liu S, Hu C, et al. Liquation cracking behavior and control in the heat affected zone of GH909 alloy during Nd: YAG laser welding. J Mater Proc Technol. 2017;244:44–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokhorov NN, Shirshov YV. Effect of welding conditions on character of crack-propagation and load carrying capacity of a welded joint during brittle-fracture of weld metal. Weld Prod. 1974;21(6):1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Clyne TW, Wolf M, Kurz W, et al. The effect of melt composition on solidification cracking of steel, with particular reference to continuous-casting. Metall Trans B. 1982;13(2):259–266. doi: 10.1007/BF02664583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Won YM, Yeo TJ, Seol DJ, et al. A new criterion for internal crack formation in continuously cast steels. Metall Mater Trans B. 2000;31(4):779–794. doi: 10.1007/s11663-000-0115-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rappaz M, Drezet JM, Gremaud M, et al. A new hot-tearing criterion. Metall Mater Trans A. 1999;30(2):449–455. doi: 10.1007/s11661-999-0334-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kou S. A criterion for cracking during solidification. Acta Mater. 2015;88:366–374. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.01.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang XJ, Lu FG, Wang H-P, et al. Micro-scale model based study of solidification cracking formation mechanism in Al fiber laser welds. J Mater Proc Technol. 2016;231:18–26. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.12.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal G, Gao H, Amirthalingam M, et al. In situ strain investigation during laser welding using digital image correlation and finite-element-based numerical simulation. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2017;57:1–6. doi: 10.1080/13621718.2017.1344373
   Google Scholar
• Gao H, Hermans MJM, Richardson IM, et al. Simulation of transient force and strain during thermal mechanical testing relevant to the HAZ in multi-pass welds. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2013;18(6):525–531. doi: 10.1179/1362171813Y.0000000133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishikawa H, Oda I, Shibahara M, et al., editors. Three-dimensional thermal-elastic-plastic FEM analysis for predicting residual stress and deformation under multi-pass welding. Int Society Offshore Polar Eng. 2004;126–132.
   Google Scholar
• Bottger B, Apel M, Santillana B, et al. Phase-field modelling of microstructure formation during the solidification of continuously cast low carbon and HSLA steels. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng. 2012;33. p. 012107. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/33/1/012107.
   Google Scholar
• Böttger B, Grafe U, Ma D, et al. Simulation of microsegregation and microstructural evolution in directionally solidified superalloys. Mater Sci Technol. 2000;16(11–12):1425–1428. doi: 10.1179/026708300101507398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amirthalingam M, van der Aa EM, Kwakernaak C, et al. Elemental segregation during resistance spot welding of boron containing advanced high strength steels. Weld World. 2015;59(5):743–755. doi: 10.1007/s40194-015-0250-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drezet J-M, Allehaux D. Application of the rappaz-drezet-gremaud hot tearing criterion to welding of aluminium alloys. In: Böllinghaus T, Herold H, Cross CE, Lippold JC, editors. Hot cracking phenomena in welds II. Berlin: Springer; 2008. p. 27–45.
   Google Scholar
• Hildebrand JH, Lamoreaux RH. Viscosity of liquid metals: an interpretation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1976;73(4):988–989. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.4.988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikolaeva AV, Nikolaev YA, Kevorkyan YR. Grain-boundary segregation of phosphorus in low-alloy steel. Atomic Energy. 2001;91(1):534–542. doi: 10.1023/A:1012482419952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song SH, Zhao Y, Cui Y, et al. Effect of grain boundary character distribution and grain boundary phosphorus segregation on the brittleness of an interstitial-free steel. Mater Lett. 2016;182:328–331. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2016.07.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorc B, Bernetič J, Nagode A. Effects of welding residual stresses and phosphorus segregation on cleavage delamination fracture in thick S355 J2 G3 + N steel plate. Eng Fail Anal. 2014;40:8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2014.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao H, Dutta RK, Huizenga RM, et al. Stress relaxation due to ultrasonic impact treatment on multi-pass welds. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2014;19(6):505–513. doi: 10.1179/1362171814Y.0000000219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar