Microstructure, static and fatigue properties of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy using a modified tool

References

• Uematsu Y, Tokaji K. Comparison of fatigue behaviour between resistance spot and friction stir spot welded aluminium alloy sheets. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2009;14(1):62–71. doi: 10.1179/136217108X338908
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller W, Zhuang L, Bottema J, et al. Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry. Mater Sci Eng A. 2000;280(1):37–49. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00653-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Yu Z, Li Y, et al. Influence of alloy elements on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/steel dissimilar joint by laser welding/brazing. Weld World. 2018;62(2):427–433. doi: 10.1007/s40194-017-0540-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Yu Z, Li Y, et al. Laser welding/brazing of 5182 aluminium alloy to ZEK100 magnesium alloy using a nickel interlayer. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2018;23:1–8. doi: 10.1080/13621718.2017.1314657
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra RS, Ma Z. Friction stir welding and processing. Mater Sci Eng R Rep. 2005;50(1–2):1–78. doi: 10.1016/j.mser.2005.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briskham P, Blundell N, Han L, et al. Comparison of self-pierce riveting, resistance spot welding and spot friction joining for aluminium automotive sheet, SAE Technical Paper, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Fersini D, Pirondi A. Fatigue behaviour of Al2024-T3 friction stir welded lap joints. Eng Fract Mech. 2007;74(4):468–480. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas WM. Friction stir butt welding, Int. Patent No. PCT/GB92/02203 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Chen Y, Haghshenas M, et al. Interfacial microstructure and properties of copper clad steel produced using friction stir welding versus gas metal arc welding. Mater Charact. 2015;104:1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2015.02.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Chen Y, Haghshenas M, et al. Role of welding parameters on interfacial bonding in dissimilar steel/aluminum friction stir welds. Eng Sci Technol Int J. 2015;18(2):270–277. doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2014.12.008
   Google Scholar
• Zhao H, Shen Z, Booth M, et al. Calculation of welding tool pin width for friction stir welding of thin overlapping sheets. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2018;98(5–8):1721–1731. doi: 10.1007/s00170-018-2350-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakano R. Development of spot FSW robot system for automobile body members, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium of Friction Stir Welding, Kobe, Japan, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Guo S, Shah L, Ranjan R, et al. Effect of quality control Parameter variations on the fatigue performance of aluminum friction stir welded joints. Int J Fatigue. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma Z. Friction stir processing technology: a review. Metall Mater Trans A. 2008;39(3):642–658. doi: 10.1007/s11661-007-9459-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su Z-M, He R-Y, Lin P-C, et al. Fatigue analyses for swept friction stir spot welds in lap-shear specimens of alclad 2024-T3 aluminum sheets. Int J Fatigue. 2014;61:129–140. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.11.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uematsu Y, Tokaji K, Tozaki Y, et al. Effect of re-filling probe hole on tensile failure and fatigue behaviour of friction stir spot welded joints in Al–Mg–Si alloy. Int J Fatigue. 2008;30(10–11):1956–1966. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.01.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, et al. Mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of friction stir spot welds of AA 6061-T4 sheets. Mater Des. 2013;49:181–191. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effertz P, Infante V, Quintino L, et al. Fatigue life assessment of friction spot welded 7050-T76 aluminium alloy using Weibull distribution. Int J Fatigue. 2016;87:381–390. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.02.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran V-X, Pan J. Fatigue behavior of dissimilar spot friction welds in lap-shear and cross-tension specimens of aluminum and steel sheets. Int J Fatigue. 2010;32(7):1167–1179. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.12.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin P-C, Su Z-M, He R-Y, et al. Failure modes and fatigue life estimations of spot friction welds in cross-tension specimens of aluminum 6061-T6 sheets. Int J Fatigue. 2012;38:25–35. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2011.11.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilling C, dos Santos J. Method and device for joining at least two adjoining work pieces by friction welding, Google Patents, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Yang X, Zhang Z, et al. Microstructure and failure mechanisms of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminum alloy joints. Mater Des. 2013;44:476–486. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song Y, Yang X, Cui L, et al. Defect features and mechanical properties of friction stir lap welded dissimilar AA2024–AA7075 aluminum alloy sheets. Mater Des. 2014;55:9–18. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.09.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Chen Y, Hou J, et al. Influence of processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical performance of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2015;20(1):48–57. doi: 10.1179/1362171814Y.0000000253
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Liu H, Chen S, et al. Effects of sleeve plunge depth on microstructures and mechanical properties of friction spot welded alclad 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy. Mater Des (1980–2015). 2014;62:40–46. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.05.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tier M, Rosendo T, Dos Santos J, et al. The influence of refill FSSW parameters on the microstructure and shear strength of 5042 aluminium welds. J Mater Process Technol. 2013;213(6):997–1005. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.12.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Ding Y, Gopkalo O, et al. Effects of tool design on the microstructure and mechanical properties of refill friction stir spot welding of dissimilar Al alloys. J Mater Process Technol. 2018;252:751–759. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lage SBM, Campanelli LC, de Bribean Guerra AP, et al. A study of the parameters influencing mechanical properties and the fatigue performance of refill friction stir spot welded AlMgSc alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2018:1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campanelli LC, Suhuddin UFH, Antonialli AÍS, et al. Metallurgy and mechanical performance of AZ31 magnesium alloy friction spot welds. J Mater Process Technol. 2013;213(4):515–521. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding Y, Shen Z, Gerlich A. Refill friction stir spot welding of dissimilar aluminum alloy and AlSi coated steel. J Manuf Process. 2017;30:353–360. doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.10.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Chen J, Ding Y, et al. Role of interfacial reaction on the mechanical performance of Al/steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2018;23(6):462–477. doi: 10.1080/13621718.2017.1414022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Ding Y, Chen J, et al. Interfacial bonding mechanism in Al/coated steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds. J Mater Sci Technol. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amancio-Filho S, Bueno C, Dos Santos J, et al. On the feasibility of friction spot joining in magnesium/fiber-reinforced polymer composite hybrid structures. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011;528(10–11):3841–3848. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.01.085
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Chen J, Shalchi Amirkhiz B, et al. Microstructures and properties of Mg alloy/DP600 steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2015;20(6):494–501. doi: 10.1179/1362171815Y.0000000033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effertz P, Quintino L, Infante V. The optimization of process parameters for friction spot welded 7050-T76 aluminium alloy using a Taguchi orthogonal array. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2017;91(9–12):3683–3695. doi: 10.1007/s00170-017-0048-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosendo T, Parra B, Tier M, et al. Mechanical and microstructural investigation of friction spot welded AA6181-T4 aluminium alloy. Mater Des. 2011;32(3):1094–1100. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.11.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhuddin U, Fischer V, Kroeff F, et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction spot welds of dissimilar AA5754 Al and AZ31 Mg alloys. Mater Sci Eng A. 2014;590:384–389. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.10.057
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plaine A, Suhuddin U, Alcântara N, et al. Fatigue behavior of friction spot welds in lap shear specimens of AA5754 and Ti6Al4V alloys. Int J Fatigue. 2016;91:149–157. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badarinarayan H, Shi Y, Li X, et al. Effect of tool geometry on hook formation and static strength of friction stir spot welded aluminum 5754-O sheets. Int J Mach Tools Manuf. 2009;49(11):814–823. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2009.06.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awang M, Mucino VH. Energy generation during friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of Al 6061-T6 plates. Mater Manuf Process. 2010;25(1–3):167–174. doi: 10.1080/10426910903206758
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubit A, Bucior M, Wydrzyński D, et al. Failure mechanisms of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium alloy single-lap joints. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2018;94(9–12):4479–4491. doi: 10.1007/s00170-017-1176-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Ding Y, Chen J, et al. Comparison of fatigue behavior in Mg/Mg similar and Mg/steel dissimilar refill friction stir spot welds. Int J Fatigue. 2016;92:78–86. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.06.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brzostek R, Suhuddin U, dos Santos J. Fatigue assessment of refill friction stir spot weld in AA 2024–T3 similar joints. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2018;41(5):1208–1223. doi: 10.1111/ffe.12764
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhodes C, Mahoney M, Bingel W, et al. Effects of friction stir welding on microstructure of 7075 aluminum. Scr Mater. 1997;36(1):69–75. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(96)00344-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng A, Chen D, Ma Z. Microstructure and cyclic deformation behavior of a friction-stir-welded 7075 Al alloy. Metall Mater Trans A. 2010;41(4):957–971. doi: 10.1007/s11661-009-0152-3
   Google Scholar
• Gerlich A, Avramovic-Cingara G, North T. Stir zone microstructure and strain rate during Al 7075-T6 friction stir spot welding. Metall Mater Trans A. 2006;37(9):2773–2786. doi: 10.1007/BF02586110
   Google Scholar
• Mahoney M, Rhodes C, Flintoff J, et al. Properties of friction-stir-welded 7075 T651 aluminum. Metall Mater Trans A. 1998;29(7):1955–1964. doi: 10.1007/s11661-998-0021-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AWS D 17.2. Specification for resistance welding for aerospace applications. Doral (FL): American Welding Society; 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Kubit A, Kluz R, Trzepieciński T, et al. Analysis of the mechanical properties and of micrographs of refill friction stir spot welded 7075-T6 aluminium sheets. Arch Civ Mech Eng. 2018;18(1):235–244. doi: 10.1016/j.acme.2017.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su J-Q, Nelson TW, Sterling CJ. Microstructure evolution during FSW/FSP of high strength aluminum alloys. Mater Sci Eng A. 2005;405(1–2):277–286. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.06.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang T, et al. Study of temperature and material flow during friction spot welding of 7B04-T74 aluminum alloy. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2016;83(9–12):1467–1475. doi: 10.1007/s00170-015-7681-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao J, Wang M, Kong L, et al. Numerical modeling and experimental investigation of material flow in friction spot welding of Al 6061-T6. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2017;89(5–8):2129–2139. doi: 10.1007/s00170-016-9247-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimann M, Goebel J, dos Santos JF. Microstructure and mechanical properties of keyhole repair welds in AA 7075-T651 using refill friction stir spot welding. Mater Des. 2017;132:283–294. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2017.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su P, Gerlich A, North T, et al. Energy utilisation and generation during friction stir spot welding. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2006;11(2):163–169. doi: 10.1179/174329306X84373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lathabai S, Painter M, Cantin G, et al. Friction spot joining of an extruded Al–Mg–Si alloy. Scr Mater. 2006;55(10):899–902. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.07.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su P, Gerlich A, North T, et al. Energy generation and stir zone dimensions in friction stir spot welds, SAE Technical Paper, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Chu Q, Yang X, Li W, et al. On visualizing material flow and precipitate evolution during probeless friction stir spot welding of an Al-Li alloy. Mater Charact. 2018;144:336–344. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2018.07.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen H, Fu L, Liang P, et al. Defect features, texture and mechanical properties of friction stir welded lap joints of 2A97 Al-Li alloy thin sheets. Mater Charact. 2017;125:160–173. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2017.01.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niu P, Li W, Zhang Z, et al. Significant effect of oxide on mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded AA2024 joints. Sci Technol Welding Joining. 2017;22(1):66–70. doi: 10.1080/13621718.2016.1188514
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont M, Steuwer A, Deschamps A, et al. Microstructure mapping in friction stir welds of 7449 aluminium alloy using SAXS. Acta Mater. 2006;54(18):4793–4801. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Y, Wang C, Li J, et al. Local melting mechanism and its effects on mechanical properties of friction spot welded joint for Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. J Mater Sci Technol. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Specification for resistance welding for aerospace applications AWS D17.2/D17.2M. 2nd ed. Doral: American Welding Society; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Russell A, Lee KL. Structure-property relations in nonferrous metals. Wiley; 2005.
   Google Scholar