Radiation-induced Bystander Effects: Are They Good, Bad or Both?

References

• Morgan , WF . 2003 . Non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation: I. Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects in vitro . Radiat Res , 159 : 567 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C and Seymour , C . 2003 . Low-dose radiation effects: experimental hematology and the changing paradigm . J Experi Haematol , 31 : 437 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorimore , SA and Wright , EG . 2003 . Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects: related inflammatory-type responses to radiation-induced stress and injury? A review . Int J Radiat Biol , 79 : 15 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little JB Morgan WF (guest editors) Special Issue Oncogene 2003 22 6977 7100
   Google Scholar
• Barcellos-Hoff , MH and Brooks , AL . 2001 . Extracellular signaling through the microenvironment: a hypothesis relating carcinogenesis, bystander effects, and genomic instability . Radiat Res , 156 : 618 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prise , KM , Folkard , M and Michael , BD . 2003 . A review of the bystander effect and its implications for low-dose exposure . Radiat Prot Dosimetry , 104 : 347 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour , CB and Mothersill , C . 2000 . Relative contribution of bystander and targeted cell killing to the low-dose region of the radiation dose-response curve . Radiat Res , 153 : 508 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , H , Randers-Pehrson , G , Geard , CR , Brenner , DJ , Hall , EJ and Hei , TK . 2003 . Interaction between radiation-induced adaptive response and bystander mutagenesis in mammalian cells . Radiat Res , 160 : 512 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes E Howe O Seymour CB Lyng F Mothersill C Prolonged expression of delayed cell death in the progeny of cells exposed to direct irradiation or to culture medium from irradiated cells Int. J. Radiat. Biol being revised
   Google Scholar
• Zhou , H , Randers-Pehrson , G , Suzuki , M , Waldren , CA and Hei , TK . 2002 . Genotoxic damage in non-irradiated cells: contribution from the bystander effect . Radiat Prot Dosimetry , 99 : 227 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzam , EI , De Toledo , SM and Little , JB . 2003 . Oxidative metabolism, gap junctions and the ionizing radiation-induced bystander effect . Oncogene , 13 : 7050 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Geard , CR , Jenkins-Baker , G , Marino , SA and Ponnaiy , AB . 2002 . Novel approaches with track segment alpha particles and cell co-cultures in studies of bystander effects . Radiat Prot Dosimetry , 99 : 233 – 6 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belyakov , OV , Folkard , M , Mothersill , C , Prise , KM and Michael , BD . 2003 . A proliferation-dependent bystander effect in primary porcine and human urothelial explants in response to targeted irradiation . Br J Cancer , 88 : 767 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limoli , CL and Giedzinski , E . 2003 . Induction of chromosomal instability by chronic oxidative stress . Neoplasia , 5 : 339 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C , Stamato , TD , Perez , ML , Cummins , R , Mooney , R and Seymour , CB . 2000 . Involvement of energy metabolism in the production of ‘bystander effects’ by radiation . Br J Cancer , 82 : 1740 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer , R and Lehnert , BE . 2002 . Low dose, low-LET ionizing radiation-induced radioadaptation and associated early responses in unirradiated cells . Mutat Res , 503 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao , C , Furusawa , Y , Kobayashi , Y , Funayama , T and Wada , S . 2003 . Bystander effect induced by counted high-LET particles in confluent human fibroblasts: a mechanistic study . FASEB J , 17 : 1422 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerashchenko , BI and Howell , RW . 2003 . Cell proximity is a prerequisite for the proliferative response of bystander cells co-cultured with cells irradiated with gamma-rays . Cytometry , 56A : 71 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Lorimore , SA , Coates , PJ and Wright , EG . 2003 . Radiation-induced genomic instability and bystander effects: inter-related nontargeted effects of exposure to ionizing radiation . Oncogene , 22 : 7058 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little , JB , Azzam , EI , De Toledo , SM and Nagasawa , H . 2002 . Bystander effects: intercellular transmission of radiation damage signals . Radiat Prot Dosimetry , 99 : 159 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reznikov , K , Kolesnikova , L Pramanik , A . 2000 . Clustering of apoptotic cells via bystander killing by peroxides . FASEB J , 14 : 1754 – 64 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Emerit , I , Oganesian , N Arutyunian , R . 1997 . Oxidative stress-related clastogenic factors in plasma from Chernobyl liquidators: protective effects of antioxidant plant phenols, vitamins and oligoelements . Mutat Res , 377 : 239 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faguet , GB , Reichard , SM and Welter , DA . 1984 . Radiation-induced clastogenic plasma factors . Cancer Genet Cytogenet , 12 : 73 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trosko , JE . 1998 . Hierarchical and cybernetic nature of biologic systems and their relevance to homeostatic adaptation to low-level exposures to oxidative stress-inducing agents . Environ Health Perspect , 106 : Suppl 1:331–9
   Google Scholar
• Dent , P , Yacoub , A , Fisher , PB , Hagan , MP and Grant , S . 2003 . MAPK pathways in radiation responses . Oncogene , 22 : (37): 5885–96
   Google Scholar
• Belyakov , OV , Folkard , M , Mothersill , C , Prise , KM and Michael , BD . 2002 . Bystander-induced apoptosis and premature differentiation in primary urothelial explants after charged particle microbeam irradiation . Radiat Prot Dosimetry , 99 : 249 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baverstock , K . 2000 . Radiation-induced genomic instability: a paradigm-breaking phenomenon and its relevance to environmentally induced cancer . Mutat Res , 254 : 89 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C , Rea , D Wright , EG . 2001 . Individual variation in the production of a ‘bystander signal’ following irradiation of primary cultures of normal human urothelium . Carcinogenesis , 22 : 1465 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , MJ . 2003 . Singlet oxygen-mediated damage to proteins and its consequences . Biochem Biophys Res Commun , 305 : 61 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Balcer-Kubiczek , EK , Harrison , GH , Xu , JF and Gutierrez , PL . 2002 . Coordinate late expression of trefoil peptide genes (pS2/TFF1 and ITF/TFF3) in human breast, colon, and gastric tumor cells exposed to X-rays . Mol Cancer Ther , 6 : 405 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Azzam , EI , De Toledo , SM , Spitz , DR and Little , JB . 2002 . Oxidative metabolism modulates signal transduction and micronucleus formation in bystander cells from alpha-particle-irradiated normal human fibroblast cultures . Cancer Res , 62 : 5436 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehnert , BE and Iyer , R . 2002 . Exposure to low-level chemicals and ionizing radiation: reactive oxygen species and cellular pathways . Hum Exp Toxicol , 21 : 65 – 9 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iyer , R and Lehnert , BE . 2002 . Low dose, low-LET ionizing radiation-induced radioadaptation and associated early responses in unirradiated cells . Mutat Res , 503 : 1 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burlakova , EB , Mikhailov , VF and Azurik , VK . 2001 . The redox homeostasis system in radiation-induced genomic instability . Radiats Biol Radioecol , 41 : 489 – 99 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osterreicher , J , Prise , KM , Michael , BD , Vogt , J , Butz , T and Tanner , JM . 2003 . Radiation-induced bystander effects. Mechanisms, biological implications, and current investigations at the Leipzig LIPSION facility . Strahlenther Onkol , 179 : 69 – 77 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prise , KM , Belyakov , OV , Newman , HC , Patel , S , Schettino , G , Folkard , M and Michael , BD . 2002 . Non-targeted effects of radiation: bystander responses in cell and tissue models . Radiat Prot Dosimetry , 99 : 223 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawant , SG , Zheng , W , Hopkins , KM , Randers-Pehrson , G , Lieberman , HB and Hall , EJ . 2002 . The radiation-induced bystander effect for clonogenic survival . Radiat Res , 157 : 361 – 4 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prise , KM , Belyakov , OV , Folkard , M and Michael , BD . 1998 . Studies of bystander effects in human fibroblasts using a charged particle microbeam . Int J Radiat Biol , 74 : 793 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iyer , R and Lehnert , BE . 2002 . Alpha-particle-induced increases in the radioresistance of normal human bystander cells . Radiat Res , 157 : 3 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasawa , H and Little , JB . Induction of sister chromatid exchanges by extremely low doses of alpha-particles . Cancer Res 1992 , 52 6394 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C and Seymour , C . 1997 . Medium from irradiated human epithelial cells but not human fibroblasts reduces the clonogenic survival of unirradiated cells . Int J Radiat Biol , 71 : 21 – 7 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mothersill , C and Seymour , CB . Cell-cell contact during gamma irradiation is not required to induce a bystander effect in normal human keratinocytes: evidence for release during irradiation of a signal controlling survival into the medium . Radiat Res 1998 , 149 256 – 62 .
   Google Scholar
• Seymour , CB , Mothersill , C , Mooney , R , Moriarty , M and Tipton , KF . 2003 . Monoamine oxidase inhibitors l-deprenyl and clorgyline protect nonmalignant human cells from ionising radiation and chemotherapy toxicity . Br J Cancer , 89 : 1979 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates , PJ , Lorimore , SA , Lindsay , KJ and Wright , EG . 2003 . Tissue-specific p53 responses to ionizing radiation and their genetic modification: the key to tissue-specific tumour susceptibility? . J Pathol , 201 : 377 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorimore , SA , Coates , PJ , Scobie , GE , Milne , G and Wright , EG . 2001 . Inflammatory-type responses after exposure to ionizing radiation in vivo: a mechanism for radiation-induced bystander effects? . Oncogene , 20 : 7085 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C , Crean , M Lyons , M . 1998 . Expression of delayed toxicity and lethal mutations in the progeny of human cells surviving exposure to radiation and other environmental mutagens . Int J Radiat Biol , 74 : 673 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coen , N , Mothersill , C , Kadhim , M and Wright , EG . 2001 . Heavy metals of relevance to human health induce genomic instability . J Pathol , 195 : 293 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C and Seymour , CB . 2002 . Bystander and delayed effects after fractionated radiation exposure . Radiat Res , 158 : 626 – 33 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire M Mothersill C Seymour CB Lyng FM An adaptive response following exposure of cultures to medium from cells irradiated to low doses of cobalt 60 gamma rays Radiation Res (in preparation)
   Google Scholar
• Lyng , FM , Seymour , CB and Mothersill , C . 2002 . Early events in the apoptotic cascade initiated in cells treated with medium from the progeny of irradiated cells . Radiat Prot Dosimetry , 99 : 169 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyng , FM , Seymour , CB and Mothersill , C . 2002 . Initiation of apoptosis in cells exposed to medium from the progeny of irradiated cells: a possible mechanism for bystander-induced genomic instability? . Radiat Res , 157 : 365 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyng , FM , Seymour , CB and Mothersill , C . 2000 . Production of a signal by irradiated cells which leads to a response in unirradiated cells characteristic of initiation of apoptosis . Br J Cancer , 83 : 1223 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagasawa , H , Huo , L and Little , JB . 2003 . Increased bystander mutagenic effect in DNA double-strand break repair-deficient mammalian cells . Int J Radiat Biol , 79 : 35 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mothersill C Seymour RJ Seymour CB Bystander effects in repair deficient cell lines Radiat. Res 200? Accepted for publication
   Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C , Seymour , CB and Joiner , MC . 2002 . Relationship between radiation-induced low-dose hypersensitivity and the bystander effect . Radiat Res , 157 : 526 – 32 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagar , S , Smith , LE and Morgan , WF . 2003 . Characterization of a novel epigenetic effect of ionizing radiation: the death-inducing effect . Cancer Res , 63 : 324 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C , Lyng , F , O'Reilly , S , Harney , J and Seymour , CB . 1996 . Expression of lethal mutations is suppressed in neoplastically transformed cells and after treatment of normal cells with carcinogens . Radiat Res , 145 : 714 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mothersill , C and Seymour , C . 1997 . Survival of human epithelial cells irradiated with cobalt 60 as microcolonies or single cells . Int J Radiat Biol , 72 : 597 – 606 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erickson , AC and Barcellos-Hoff , MH . 2003 . The not-so innocent bystander: the microenvironment as a therapeutic target in cancer . Expert Opin Ther Targets , 7 : 71 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishayee , A , Hill , HZ , Stein , D , Rao , DV and Howell , RW . 2001 . Free radical-initiated and gap junction-mediated bystander effect due to nonuniform distribution of incorporated radioactivity in a three-dimensional tissue culture model . Radiat Res , 155 : 335 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese , EJ and Baldwin , LA . 2002 . Applications of hormesis in toxicology, risk assessment and chemotherapeutics . Trends Pharmacol Sci , 23 : 331 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese , EJ and Baldwin , LA . 2001 . The frequency of U-shaped dose responses in the toxicological literature . Toxicol Sci , 62 : 330 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese , EJ and Baldwin , LA . 2001 . Hormesis: U-shaped dose responses and their centrality in toxicology . Trends Pharmacol Sci , 22 : 285 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar