References
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 186. Long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130:e251–e269.
- Kavanaugh ML, Jerman J. Contraceptive method use in the United States: trends and characteristics between 2008, 2012 and 2014. Contraception. 2018;97:14–21.
- Khalifa M, Abdelaziz W, Sakr E. Changes in contraceptive use dynamics in Egypt: analysis of the 2008 and 2014 Demographic and Health Surveys. DHS working papers no. 132. Rockville, MD: ICF; 2017.
- Chi I, Wilkens LR, Siemens AJ, et al. Rare events occurring at insertion of an intrauterine device – a review of an international experience. Adv Contracept. 1987;3:49–61.
- Dermish AI, Turok DK, Jacobson JC, et al. Failed IUD insertions in community practice: an under-recognized problem? Contraception. 2013;87:182–186.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use; 2016 [cited 2018 Dec 19]. Intrauterine contraception. Available from:www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/mmwr/spr/intrauterine.html.
- Bahamondes MV, Espejo-Arce X, Bahamondes L. Effect of vaginal administration of misoprostol before intrauterine contraceptive insertion following previous insertion failure: a double blind RCT. Hum Reprod. 2015;30:1861–1866.
- Tang OS, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Ho PC. Misoprostol: pharmacokinetic profiles, effects on the uterus and side-effects. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;99:S160–S167.
- Zapata LB, Jatlaoui TC, Marchbanks PA, et al. Medications to ease intrauterine device insertion: a systematic review. Contraception. 2016;94:739–759.
- Wormer KC, Williford AE, Updated. Bishop score; 2019 [cited 2019 Mar 10]. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470368.
- Espey E, Singh RH, Leeman L, et al. Misoprostol for intrauterine device insertion in nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210:1–5.
- Lathrop E, Haddad L, McWhorter CP, et al. Self-administration of misoprostol prior to intrauterine device insertion among nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial. Contraception. 2013;88:725–729.
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Clinical challenges of long-acting reversible contraceptive methods. Committee opinion no. 672. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:e69–e77.
- Matthews LR, OʼDwyer L, OʼNeill E. Intrauterine device insertion failure after misoprostol administration: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:1084–1091.
- Harrison-Woolrych M, Zhou L, Coulter D. Insertion of intrauterine devices: a comparison of experience with Mirena and Multiload Cu 375 during post-marketing monitoring in New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2003;116:U538.
- Abdellah MS, Abbas AM, Hegazy AM, et al. Vaginal misoprostol prior to intrauterine device insertion in women delivered only by elective cesarean section: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Contraception. 2017;95:538–543.
- Maged AM, Youssef G, Eldaly A, et al. Benefits of vaginal misoprostol prior to IUD insertion in women with previous caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2018;23:32–37.
- Ibrahim ZM, Sayed Ahmed WA. Sublingual misoprostol prior to insertion of a T380A intrauterine device in women with no previous vaginal delivery. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2013;18:300–308.
- ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Intrauterine devices and intrauterine systems. Hum Reprod Update. 2008;14:197–208.