Recurrent endometriosis: a battle against an unknown enemy

References

• Redwine DB. Conservative laparoscopic excision of endometriosis by sharp dissection: life table analysis of reoperation and persistent or recurrent disease. Fertil Steril. 1991;56:628–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga K, Takamura M, Fujii T, et al. Prevention of the recurrence of symptom and lesions after conservative surgery for endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2015;104:793–801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzii L, Di Tucci C, Achilli C, et al. Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriomas: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:203–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo SW. Recurrence of endometriosis and its control. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15:441–461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapron C, Jacob S, Dubuisson JB, et al. Laparoscopically assisted vaginal management of deep endometriosis infiltrating the rectovaginal septum. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:349–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunselman GAJ, Vermeulen N, Becker C, et al. ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2014;29:400–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Viganò P, et al. Post-operative endometriosis recurrence: a plea for prevention based on pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical evidence. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010;21:259–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercellini P, De Matteis S, Somigliana E, et al. Long-term adjuvant therapy for the prevention of postoperative endometrioma recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2013;92:8–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulletti C, DeZiegler D, Stefanetti M, et al. Endometriosis: absence of recurrence in patients after endometrial ablation. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:2676–2679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soysal S, Soysal ME, Ozer S, et al. The effects of post-surgical administration of goserelin plus anastrozole compared to goserelin alone in patients with severe endometriosis: a prospective randomized trial. Hum Reprod. 2004;19:160–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedele F, Bianchi S, Zanconato G, et al. Laparoscopic excision of recurrent endometriomas: long-term outcome and comparison with primary surgery. Fertil Steril. 2006;85:694–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandoi I, Somigliana E, Riparini J, et al. High rate of endometriosis recurrence in young women. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011;24:376–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busacca M, Chiaffarino F, Candiani M, et al. Determinants of long-term clinically detected recurrence rates of deep, ovarian, and pelvic endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:426–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huskisson EE, Visual analogue scales: pain measurement and assessment. New York (NY): Raven Press; 1983; p. 33–37.
   Google Scholar
• Coccia ME, Rizzello F, Palagiano A, et al. Long-term follow-up after laparoscopic treatment for endometriosis: multivariate analysis of predictive factors for recurrence of endometriotic lesions and pain. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011;157:78–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porpora MG, Pallante D, Ferro A, et al. Pain and ovarian endometrioma recurrence after laparoscopic treatment of endometriosis: a long-term prospective study. Fertil Steril. 2010;93:716–721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi S, Busacca M, Agnoli B, et al. Effects of 3 month therapy with danazol after laparoscopic surgery for stage III/IV endometriosis: a randomized study. Hum Reprod. 1999;14:1335–1337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbott J, Hawe J, Clayton RD, et al. The effects and effectiveness of laparoscopic excision of endometriosis: a prospective study with 2-5 year follow-up. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:1922–1927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedele L, Bianchi S, Zanconato G, et al. Long-term follow-up after conservative surgery for bladder endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:1729–1733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi F, Cromi A, Bergamini V, et al. Outcome of laparoscopic ureterolysis for ureteral endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2006;86:418–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzii L, Marana R, Caruana P, et al. Postoperative administration of monophasic combined oral contraceptives after laparoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriomas: a prospective, randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000;183:588–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sesti F, Pietropolli A, Capozzolo T, et al. Hormonal suppression treatment or dietary therapy versus placebo in the control of painful symptoms after conservative surgery for endometriosis stage III–IV: a randomized comparative trial. Fertil Steril. 2007;88:1541–1547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seracchioli R, Mabrouk M, Frascà C, et al. Long-term oral contraceptive pills and postoperative pain management after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometrioma: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2010;94:464–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratton P, Sinaii N, Segars J, et al. Return of chronic pelvic pain from endometriosis after raloxifene treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:88–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor E, Williams C. Surgical treatment of endometriosis: location and patterns of disease at reoperation. Fertil Steril. 2010;93:57–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercellini P, Crosignani PG, Fadini R, et al. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist compared with expectant management after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis. BJOG. 1999;106:672–677.
   Google Scholar
• Vercellini P, Aimi G, Busacca M, et al. Laparoscopic uterosacral ligament resection for dysmenorrhea associated with endometriosis: results of a randomized, controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:310–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercellini P, Frontino G, De Giorgi O, et al. Comparison of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device versus expectant management after conservative surgery for symptomatic endometriosis: a pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2003;80:305–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercellini P, Fedele L, Aimi G, et al. Reproductive performance, pain recurrence and disease relapse after conservative surgical treatment for endometriosis: the predictive value of the current classification system. Hum Reprod. 2006;21:2679–2685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vignali M, Bianchi S, Candiani M, et al. Surgical treatment of deep endometriosis and risk of recurrence. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2005;12:508–513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman H, Vassilieff M, Gourcerol G, et al. Surgical management of deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum: pleading for a symptom guided approach. Hum Reprod. 2011;26:274–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Cicco C, Corona R, Schonman R, et al. Bowel resection for deep endometriosis: a systematic review. BJOG. 2011;118:285–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koninckx PR, Ussia A, Adamyan L, et al. Deep endometriosis: definition, diagnosis, and treatment. Fertil Steril. 2012;98:564–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedele L, Bianchi S, Zanconato G, et al. Long-term follow-up after conservative surgery for rectovaginal endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;190:1020–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Hooghe TM, Denys B, Spiessens C, et al. Is the endometriosis recurrence rate increased after ovarian hyperstimulation? Fertil Steril. 2006;86:283–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parazzini F, Bertulessi C, Pasini A, et al. Determinants of short term recurrence rate of endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;121:216–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exacoustos C, Zupi E, Carusotti C, et al. Staging of pelvic endometriosis: role of sonographic appearance in determining extension of disease and modulating surgical approach. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2003;10:378–382.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alborzi S, Momtahan M, Parsanezhad M, et al. A prospective, randomized study comparing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus fenestration and coagulation in patients with endometriomas. Fertil Steril. 2004;82:1633–1637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busacca M, Marana R, Caruana P, et al. Recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic excision. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;180:519–523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi F, Beretta P, Franchi M, et al. Recurrence of ovarian endometriosis and anatomical location of the primary lesion. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:136–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones KD, Sutton C. Fertility after laparoscopic surgery for endometriomas. Hum Fertil. 2002;5:117–122.
   Google Scholar
• Kikuchi I, Takeuchi H, Kitade M, et al. Recurrence rate of endometrioma following a laparoscopic cystectomy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85:1120–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koga K, Takemura Y, Osuga Y, et al. Recurrence of ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic excision. Hum Reprod. 2006;21:2171–2174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Yuan L, Shen F, et al. Patterns of and risk factors for recurrence in women with ovarian endometriomas. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:1411–1420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seracchioli R, Mabrouk M, Frascà C, et al. Long-term cyclic and continuous oral contraceptive therapy and endometrioma recurrence: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2010;93:52–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vercellini P, Somigliana E, Daguati R, et al. Postoperative oral contraceptive exposure and risk of endometrioma recurrence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;198:504.e1–504.e5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen FP, Soong YK, Lee N, et al. The use of serum CA-125 as a marker for endometriosis in patients with dysmenorrhea for monitoring therapy and for recurrence of endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998;77:665–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May KE, Conduit-Hulbert SA, Villar J, et al. Peripheral biomarkers of endometriosis: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16:651–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh A, Tulandi T. Reoperation after laparoscopic treatment of ovarian endometriomas by excision and by fenestration. Fertil Steril. 1999;72:322–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmona F, Martínez-Zamora MA, Rabanal A, et al. Ovarian cystectomy versus laser vaporization in the treatment of ovarian endometriomas: a randomized clinical trial with a five-year follow-up. Fertil Steril. 2011;96:251–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alborzi S, Ravanbakhsh R, Parsanezhad ME, et al. A comparison of follicular response of ovaries to ovulation induction after laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy or fenestration and coagulation versus normal ovaries in patients with endometrioma. Fertil Steril. 2007;88:507–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takamura M, Koga K, Osuga Y, et al. Post-operative oral contraceptive use reduces the risk of ovarian endometrioma recurrence after laparoscopic excision. Hum Reprod. 2009;24:3042–3048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceccaroni M, Clarizia R, Bruni F, et al. Nerve-sparing laparoscopic eradication of deep endometriosis with segmental rectal and parametrial resection: the Negrar method. A single-center, prospective, clinical trial. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:2029–2045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzii L, Marana R, Angioli R, et al. Histologic analysis of specimens from laparoscopic endometrioma excision performed by different surgeons: does the surgeon matter? Fertil Steril. 2011;95:2116–2119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somigliana E, Benaglia L, Vercellini P, et al. Recurrent endometrioma and ovarian reserve: biological connection or surgical paradox? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204:529.e1–529.e5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman H. Endometriosis surgery and preservation of fertility, what surgeons should know. J Viscer Surg. 2018;155:S31–S36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanfani F, Fagotti A, Gagliardi ML, et al. Discoid or segmental rectosigmoid resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis: a case-control study. Fertil Steril. 2010;94:444–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donnez J, Squifflet J. Complications, pregnancy and recurrence in a prospective series of 500 patients operated on by the shaving technique for deep rectovaginal endometriotic nodules. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:1949–1958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remorgida V, Ragni N, Ferrero S, et al. How complete is full thickness disc resection of bowel endometriotic lesions? A prospective surgical and histological study. Hum Reprod. 2005;20:2317–2320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nirgianakis K, McKinnon B, Imboden S, et al. Laparoscopic management of bowel endometriosis: resection margins as a predictor of recurrence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93:1262–1267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badescu A, Roman H, Aziz M, et al. Mapping of endometriosis microimplants surrounding deep endometriosis nodules infiltrating the bowel. Fertil Steril. 2016;105:430–434.e26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman H, Hennetier C, Darwish B, et al. Bowel occult microscopic endometriosis in resection margins in deep colorectal endometriosis specimens has no impact on short-term postoperative outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2016;105:423–429.e7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh CE, Juszczyk K, Cooper MJ, et al. Management of deeply infiltrating endometriosis involving the rectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012;55:925–931.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mabrouk M, Spagnolo E, Raimondo D, et al. Segmental bowel resection for colorectal endometriosis: is there a correlation between histological pattern and clinical outcomes? Hum Reprod. 2012;27:1314–1319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roman H, Loisel C, Resch B, et al. Delayed functional outcomes associated with surgical management of deep rectovaginal endometriosis with rectal involvement: giving patients an informed choice. Hum Reprod. 2010;25:890–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandi G, Barra F, Ferrero S, et al. Hormonal contraception in women with endometriosis: a systematic review. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2019;24:61–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koshiba A, Mori T, Okimura H, et al. Dienogest therapy during the early stages of recurrence of endometrioma might be an alternative therapeutic option to avoid repeat surgeries. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018;44:1970–1976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abou-Setta AM, Houston B, Al-Inany HG, et al. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) for symptomatic endometriosis following surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1:CD005072.
   Google Scholar
• Bozdag G. Recurrence of endometriosis: risk factors, mechanisms and biomarkers. Womens Health (Lond). 2015;11:693–699.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campo S, Campo V, Gambadauro P. Is a positive family history of endometriosis a risk factor for endometrioma recurrence after laparoscopic surgery? Reprod Sci. 2014;21:526–531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo JW, Lee DY, Yoon BK, et al. The age-related recurrence of endometrioma after conservative surgery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2017;208:81–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selcuk S, Cam C, Koc N, et al. Evaluation of risk factors for the recurrence of ovarian endometriomas. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;203:56–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SY, Kim ML, Seong SJ, et al. Recurrence of ovarian endometrioma in adolescents after conservative, laparoscopic cyst enucleation. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017;30:228–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Küçükbaş M, Kurek Eken M, İlhan G, et al. Which factors are associated with the recurrence of endometrioma after cystectomy?. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;38:372–376.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cho S, Jung JA, Lee Y, et al. Postoperative levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus oral contraceptives after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for preventing endometrioma recurrence. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93:38–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tobiume T, Kotani Y, Takaya H, et al. Determinant factors of postoperative recurrence of endometriosis: difference between endometrioma and pain. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;205:54–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo JW, Lee DY, Yoon BK, et al. The efficacy of postoperative cyclic oral contraceptives after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy to prevent endometrioma recurrence in adolescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017;30:223–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meuleman C, Tomassetti C, D’Hoore A, et al. Surgical treatment of deeply infiltrating endometriosis with colorectal involvement. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17:311–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar